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2025

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking National Ranking Publications Citations
Best Scientists 178 644 403 794 145357
Immunology 180 36 25 777 147157
Medicine 180 367 230 786 148070

Lloyd J. Old publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Lloyd J. Old between 1959 and 2023, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Lloyd J. Old published across 65 years, from 1959 to 2023, averaging 13.8 papers a year. Output peaked at 108 publications in 2023. 108 of the 895 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
25 50 75 100
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1959 to 2023. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 108. Peak 108 publications in 2023. 1959: 1 publication 1960: 0 publications 1961: 3 publications 1962: 4 publications 1963: 7 publications 1964: 10 publications 1965: 2 publications 1966: 5 publications 1967: 9 publications 1968: 25 publications 1969: 7 publications 1970: 10 publications 1971: 10 publications 1972: 6 publications 1973: 6 publications 1974: 1 publication 1975: 7 publications 1976: 9 publications 1977: 9 publications 1978: 8 publications 1979: 9 publications 1980: 8 publications 1981: 10 publications 1982: 11 publications 1983: 16 publications 1984: 18 publications 1985: 27 publications 1986: 26 publications 1987: 28 publications 1988: 22 publications 1989: 19 publications 1990: 8 publications 1991: 8 publications 1992: 4 publications 1993: 3 publications 1994: 13 publications 1995: 8 publications 1996: 11 publications 1997: 19 publications 1998: 19 publications 1999: 16 publications 2000: 20 publications 2001: 21 publications 2002: 24 publications 2003: 26 publications 2004: 39 publications 2005: 32 publications 2006: 30 publications 2007: 32 publications 2008: 21 publications 2009: 24 publications 2010: 27 publications 2011: 24 publications 2012: 15 publications 2013: 4 publications 2014: 1 publication 2015: 2 publications 2016: 1 publication 2017: 0 publications 2018: 1 publication 2019: 0 publications 2020: 1 publication 2021: 0 publications 2022: 0 publications 2023: 108 publications
1959 2023

895 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Lloyd J. Old: publications per year, 1959 to 2023
Year Publications
1959 1
1960 0
1961 3
1962 4
1963 7
1964 10
1965 2
1966 5
1967 9
1968 25
1969 7
1970 10
1971 10
1972 6
1973 6
1974 1
1975 7
1976 9
1977 9
1978 8
1979 9
1980 8
1981 10
1982 11
1983 16
1984 18
1985 27
1986 26
1987 28
1988 22
1989 19
1990 8
1991 8
1992 4
1993 3
1994 13
1995 8
1996 11
1997 19
1998 19
1999 16
2000 20
2001 21
2002 24
2003 26
2004 39
2005 32
2006 30
2007 32
2008 21
2009 24
2010 27
2011 24
2012 15
2013 4
2014 1
2015 2
2016 1
2017 0
2018 1
2019 0
2020 1
2021 0
2022 0
2023 108
Total 895
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Lloyd J. Old publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Lloyd J. Old sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 772–781 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 777 publications — 98th percentile

98% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12 777
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Lloyd J. Old D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Lloyd J. Old sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 157+ D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 180 D-Index — 99th percentile

99% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96 180
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Research.com Recognitions

  • 2025 - Research.com Best Scientists Award
  • 1990 - Robert Koch Prize
  • 1978 - Member of the National Academy of Sciences
  • 1974 - Member of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM)

Overview

Lloyd J. Old was affiliated with Ludwig Cancer Research in the United States. Their research spanned several fields including Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, as well as Computer Science. The work covered key subfields such as Molecular Biology, Immunology, Oncology, Computational Theory and Mathematics, and Artificial Intelligence.

The scientist contributed to areas that addressed Immunotherapy and Immune Responses, CAR-T cell therapy research, vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches, Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic, Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies, and Semantic Web and Ontologies.

Among the recent publications attributed to Lloyd J. Old were:

  • Results of a randomized, double-blind phase II clinical trial of NY-ESO-1 vaccine with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant versus ISCOMATRIX alone in participants with high-risk resected melanoma, 2020, Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
  • Modelling Lexical Databases with Formal Concept Analysis, 2020, Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University)

Frequent co-authors included Jonathan Cebon, Martin Gore, John F. Thompson, Ian D. Davis, and Grant A. McArthur.

The main publication venues for their work were the Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer and Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University).

Lloyd J. Old was a recipient of several awards during their career. They were named a Member of the National Academy of Medicine in 1974 and a Member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1978. In 1990, they were awarded the Robert Koch Prize.

Best Publications

  • An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors

    E A Carswell;L J Old;R L Kassel;S Green

  • Cancer Immunoediting: Integrating Immunity’s Roles in Cancer Suppression and Promotion

    Robert D. Schreiber;Lloyd J. Old;Mark J. Smyth;Mark J. Smyth

  • Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape.

    Gavin P. Dunn;Allen T. Bruce;Hiroaki Ikeda;Lloyd J. Old

  • IFNγ, and lymphocytes prevent primary tumour development and shape tumour immunogenicity

    Vijay Shankaran;Hiroaki Ikeda;Allen T. Bruce;J. Michael White

  • The three Es of cancer immunoediting.

    Gavin P. Dunn;Lloyd J. Old;Robert D. Schreiber

  • The immunobiology of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting

    Gavin P. Dunn;Lloyd J. Old;Robert D. Schreiber

  • Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

    Lloyd J. Old

  • Intraepithelial CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a high CD8+/regulatory T cell ratio are associated with favorable prognosis in ovarian cancer

    Eiichi Sato;Sara H. Olson;Jiyoung Ahn;Brian Bundy

  • Antibody therapy of cancer

    Andrew M. Scott;Jedd D. Wolchok;Lloyd J. Old;Lloyd J. Old

  • Demonstration of an interferon γ-dependent tumor surveillance system in immunocompetent mice

    Daniel H. Kaplan;Vijay Shankaran;Anand S. Dighe;Elisabeth Stockert

  • Cancer/testis antigens, gametogenesis and cancer.

    Andrew J. G. Simpson;Otavia L. Caballero;Achim Jungbluth;Yao-Tseng Chen

  • A testicular antigen aberrantly expressed in human cancers detected by autologous antibody screening

    Yao-Tseng Chen;Matthew J. Scanlan;Ugur Sahin;Özlem Türeci

  • Cancer exome analysis reveals a T-cell-dependent mechanism of cancer immunoediting

    Hirokazu Matsushita;Hirokazu Matsushita;Matthew D. Vesely;Daniel C. Koboldt;Charles G. Rickert

  • The roles of IFNγ in protection against tumor development and cancer immunoediting

    Hiroaki Ikeda;Lloyd J Old;Robert D Schreiber

  • Cancer/testis antigens: an expanding family of targets for cancer immunotherapy.

    Matthew J. Scanlan.;Ali O. Gure.;Achim A. Jungbluth.;Lloyd J. Old.

  • The cancer/testis genes: review, standardization, and commentary.

    Matthew J Scanlan;Andrew J G Simpson;Lloyd J Old

  • Tumor-infiltrating NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T cells are negatively regulated by LAG-3 and PD-1 in human ovarian cancer

    Junko Matsuzaki;Sacha Gnjatic;Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia;Amy Beck

  • Characterization of tumor necrosis factor-deficient mice

    Michael W. Marino;Ashley Dunn;Dianne Grail;Melissa Inglese

  • Cell surface glycoprotein of reactive stromal fibroblasts as a potential antibody target in human epithelial cancers.

    Pilar Garin-Chesa;Lloyd J. Old;Wolfgang J. Rettig

  • A new class of murine leukemia virus associated with development of spontaneous lymphomas

    Janet W. Hartley;Nancy K. Wolford;Lloyd J. Old;Wallace P. Rowe

  • Detection of a transformation-related antigen in chemically induced sarcomas and other transformed cells of the mouse.

    Albert B. Deleo;Gilbert Jay;Ettore Appella;Garrett C. Dubois

Frequent Co-Authors

Yao-Tseng Chen
Yao-Tseng Chen Cornell University
Elisabeth Stockert
Elisabeth Stockert Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Achim A. Jungbluth
Achim A. Jungbluth Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Gerd Ritter
Gerd Ritter Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Herbert F. Oettgen
Herbert F. Oettgen Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Sacha Gnjatic
Sacha Gnjatic Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Edward A. Boyse
Edward A. Boyse University of Arizona
Andrew M. Scott
Andrew M. Scott La Trobe University
Alexander Knuth
Alexander Knuth University of Zurich
Hiroshi Shiku
Hiroshi Shiku Mie University

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Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

For those studying Immunology in the USA, exploring related healthcare degrees can open diverse career opportunities. Nursing pathways, for example, often complement immunology knowledge, especially in clinical and research settings.

If you’re considering advancing into nursing, some students look for the easiest ABSN program to get into, which can accelerate the transition from a non-nursing background. Similarly, those seeking foundational nursing credentials may find value in LPN schools easy to get into, allowing for a quicker start in patient care roles that involve immunology-related tasks.

For advanced practice, many immunology graduates pursue nurse practitioner degrees. Finding the what is the easiest NP program can help reduce time and cost barriers while maintaining quality education.

Mental health is also closely linked to immunology through biopsychosocial approaches. Those interested might explore best PMHNP programs online, which offer strong clinical placement rates and flexibility for working professionals.

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