World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!
Crystal L. Mackall

Crystal L. Mackall

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 114 406 373 249 225 552 55470
Medicine 114 4676 4388 2537 2351 555 55537

Crystal L. Mackall publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Crystal L. Mackall between 1984 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Crystal L. Mackall published across 42 years, from 1984 to 2025, averaging 17.9 papers a year. Output peaked at 118 publications in 2023. 106 of the 750 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
25 50 75 100
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1984 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 118. Peak 118 publications in 2023. 1984: 1 publication 1985: 0 publications 1986: 0 publications 1987: 0 publications 1988: 0 publications 1989: 0 publications 1990: 0 publications 1991: 0 publications 1992: 0 publications 1993: 1 publication 1994: 2 publications 1995: 5 publications 1996: 5 publications 1997: 10 publications 1998: 3 publications 1999: 2 publications 2000: 4 publications 2001: 16 publications 2002: 12 publications 2003: 8 publications 2004: 16 publications 2005: 16 publications 2006: 23 publications 2007: 18 publications 2008: 16 publications 2009: 20 publications 2010: 20 publications 2011: 18 publications 2012: 19 publications 2013: 26 publications 2014: 22 publications 2015: 28 publications 2016: 28 publications 2017: 20 publications 2018: 26 publications 2019: 26 publications 2020: 39 publications 2021: 46 publications 2022: 30 publications 2023: 118 publications 2024: 39 publications 2025: 67 publications
1984 2025

750 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Crystal L. Mackall: publications per year, 1984 to 2025
Year Publications
1984 1
1985 0
1986 0
1987 0
1988 0
1989 0
1990 0
1991 0
1992 0
1993 1
1994 2
1995 5
1996 5
1997 10
1998 3
1999 2
2000 4
2001 16
2002 12
2003 8
2004 16
2005 16
2006 23
2007 18
2008 16
2009 20
2010 20
2011 18
2012 19
2013 26
2014 22
2015 28
2016 28
2017 20
2018 26
2019 26
2020 39
2021 46
2022 30
2023 118
2024 39
2025 67
Total 750
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Crystal L. Mackall publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Crystal L. Mackall sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 552–561 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 552 publications — 92nd percentile

92% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18 552
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Crystal L. Mackall D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Crystal L. Mackall sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 114–115 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 114 D-Index — 92nd percentile

92% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34 114
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Research.com Recognitions

  • Member of the Association of American Physicians
  • Member of the Association of American Physicians
  • Member of the Association of American Physicians
  • Member of the Association of American Physicians
  • Member of the Association of American Physicians
  • Member of the Association of American Physicians

Overview

Crystal L. Mackall is affiliated with Stanford University in the United States and conducts extensive research predominantly within the field of Medicine. Their work encompasses several focused subfields including Oncology, Immunology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health.

The scientist's research topics prominently include CAR-T cell therapy research, Immune Cell Function and Interaction, Virus-based gene therapy research, Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research, Neuroblastoma Research and Treatments, and Immunotherapy and Immune Responses.

Notable recent publications by Crystal L. Mackall include:

  • "Transient rest restores functionality in exhausted CAR-T cells through epigenetic remodeling," 2021, Science
  • "Tuning the Antigen Density Requirement for CAR T-cell Activity," 2020, Cancer Discovery
  • "The Emerging Landscape of Immune Cell Therapies," 2020, Cell
  • "CD4/CD8 T-Cell Selection Affects Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Potency and Toxicity: Updated Results From a Phase I Anti-CD22 CAR T-Cell Trial," 2020, Journal of Clinical Oncology
  • "Long-Term Follow-Up of CD19-CAR T-Cell Therapy in Children and Young Adults With B-ALL," 2021, Journal of Clinical Oncology

Frequent coauthors collaborating with Crystal L. Mackall include Liora M. Schultz, Bita Sahaf, Christina Baggott, Elena Sotillo, and Snehit Prabhu.

The scientist has published extensively in several journals with high frequency in the following venues:

  • Blood
  • Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
  • Cancer Research
  • Blood Advances
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Crystal L. Mackall has received recognition as a Member of the Association of American Physicians.

Best Publications

  • T cells expressing CD19 chimeric antigen receptors for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and young adults: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial

    Daniel W Lee;James N Kochenderfer;Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson;Yongzhi K Cui

  • Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome

    Daniel W. Lee;Rebecca Gardner;David L. Porter;Chrystal U. Louis

  • Tumor Regression in Patients With Metastatic Synovial Cell Sarcoma and Melanoma Using Genetically Engineered Lymphocytes Reactive With NY-ESO-1

    Paul F. Robbins;Richard A. Morgan;Steven A. Feldman;James C. Yang

  • 4-1BB costimulation ameliorates T cell exhaustion induced by tonic signaling of chimeric antigen receptors

    Adrienne H Long;Waleed M Haso;Jack F Shern;Kelsey M Wanhainen

  • CD22-targeted CAR T cells induce remission in B-ALL that is naive or resistant to CD19-targeted CAR immunotherapy.

    Terry J Fry;Nirali N Shah;Rimas J Orentas;Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson

  • Convergence of Acquired Mutations and Alternative Splicing of CD19 Enables Resistance to CART-19 Immunotherapy

    Elena Sotillo;David M. Barrett;Kathryn L. Black;Asen Bagashev

  • Age, thymopoiesis, and CD4+ t-lymphocyte regeneration after intensive chemotherapy

    Crystal L. Mackall;Thomas A. Fleisher;Margaret R. Brown;Mary P. Andrich

  • GD2-CAR T cell therapy for H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas

    Unknown

  • Tumor Antigen Escape from CAR T-cell Therapy.

    Robbie G. Majzner;Crystal L. Mackall

  • c-Jun overexpression in CAR T cells induces exhaustion resistance

    Rachel C. Lynn;Evan W. Weber;Elena Sotillo;David Gennert

  • Disruption of CXCR2-mediated MDSC tumor trafficking enhances anti-PD1 efficacy

    Steven L. Highfill;Yongzhi Cui;Amber J. Giles;Jillian P. Smith

  • The Many Faces of IL-7: From Lymphopoiesis to Peripheral T Cell Maintenance

    Terry J. Fry;Crystal L. Mackall

  • Anti-CD22–chimeric antigen receptors targeting B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

    Waleed Haso;Daniel W. Lee;Nirali N. Shah;Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson

  • Harnessing the biology of IL-7 for therapeutic application

    Crystal L. Mackall;Terry J. Fry;Ronald E. Gress

  • CAR T Cells Targeting B7-H3, a Pan-Cancer Antigen, Demonstrate Potent Preclinical Activity Against Pediatric Solid Tumors and Brain Tumors.

    Robbie G. Majzner;Johanna L. Theruvath;Anandani Nellan;Sabine Heitzeneder

  • Interleukin-7: from bench to clinic.

    Terry J. Fry;Crystal L. Mackall

  • Administration of rhIL-7 in humans increases in vivo TCR repertoire diversity by preferential expansion of naive T cell subsets

    Claude Sportès;Frances T. Hakim;Sarfraz A. Memon;Hua Zhang

  • Transient rest restores functionality in exhausted CAR-T cells through epigenetic remodeling.

    Evan W. Weber;Kevin R. Parker;Elena Sotillo;Rachel C. Lynn

  • CAR T cells with dual targeting of CD19 and CD22 in adult patients with recurrent or refractory B cell malignancies: a phase 1 trial

    Jay Y. Spiegel;Shabnum Patel;Lori Muffly;Nasheed M. Hossain

  • Tuning the Antigen Density Requirement for CAR T-cell Activity.

    Robbie G. Majzner;Skyler P. Rietberg;Elena Sotillo;Rui Dong

  • IL-7 administration to humans leads to expansion of CD8+ and CD4+ cells but a relative decrease of CD4+ T-regulatory cells.

    Steven A. Rosenberg;Claude Sportès;Mojgan Ahmadzadeh;Terry J. Fry

  • A potential role for interleukin-7 in T-cell homeostasis

    Terry J. Fry;Elizabeth Connick;Judith Falloon;Michael Marcel Lederman

  • Thymic-independent T cell regeneration occurs via antigen-driven expansion of peripheral T cells resulting in a repertoire that is limited in diversity and prone to skewing.

    Crystal L. Mackall;Catherine V. Bare;Larry A. Granger;Susan O. Sharrow

  • Distinctions Between CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Regenerative Pathways Result in Prolonged T-Cell Subset Imbalance After Intensive Chemotherapy

    Crystal L. Mackall;Thomas A. Fleisher;Thomas A. Fleisher;Margaret R. Brown;Margaret R. Brown;Mary P. Andrich;Mary P. Andrich

Frequent Co-Authors

Terry J. Fry
Terry J. Fry University of Colorado Denver
Ronald E. Gress
Ronald E. Gress National Institutes of Health
Rimas J. Orentas
Rimas J. Orentas University of Washington
Lee J. Helman
Lee J. Helman Children's Hospital of Los Angeles
Seth M. Steinberg
Seth M. Steinberg National Institutes of Health
Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson
Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson National Institutes of Health
John M. Maris
John M. Maris Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
David F. Stroncek
David F. Stroncek National Institutes of Health
Thomas A. Fleisher
Thomas A. Fleisher National Institutes of Health
Maria Tsokos
Maria Tsokos Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

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