World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!
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Best Female Scientists
2025

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Best Female Scientists 127 394 375 236 222 536 67500
Immunology 126 269 248 173 157 534 67444
Medicine 126 2923 2727 1619 1489 530 67413

Mary Carrington publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Mary Carrington between 1985 and 2026, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Mary Carrington published across 42 years, from 1985 to 2026, averaging 14 papers a year. Output peaked at 29 publications in 2011. 6 of the 588 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10 15 20 25
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1985 to 2026. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 29. Peak 29 publications in 2011. 1985: 1 publication 1986: 0 publications 1987: 1 publication 1988: 3 publications 1989: 0 publications 1990: 0 publications 1991: 2 publications 1992: 6 publications 1993: 3 publications 1994: 10 publications 1995: 5 publications 1996: 18 publications 1997: 14 publications 1998: 8 publications 1999: 17 publications 2000: 9 publications 2001: 11 publications 2002: 20 publications 2003: 28 publications 2004: 15 publications 2005: 11 publications 2006: 28 publications 2007: 24 publications 2008: 24 publications 2009: 22 publications 2010: 27 publications 2011: 29 publications 2012: 24 publications 2013: 17 publications 2014: 26 publications 2015: 15 publications 2016: 22 publications 2017: 15 publications 2018: 10 publications 2019: 18 publications 2020: 19 publications 2021: 28 publications 2022: 19 publications 2023: 23 publications 2024: 10 publications 2025: 5 publications 2026: 1 publication
1985 2026

588 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Mary Carrington: publications per year, 1985 to 2026
Year Publications
1985 1
1986 0
1987 1
1988 3
1989 0
1990 0
1991 2
1992 6
1993 3
1994 10
1995 5
1996 18
1997 14
1998 8
1999 17
2000 9
2001 11
2002 20
2003 28
2004 15
2005 11
2006 28
2007 24
2008 24
2009 22
2010 27
2011 29
2012 24
2013 17
2014 26
2015 15
2016 22
2017 15
2018 10
2019 18
2020 19
2021 28
2022 19
2023 23
2024 10
2025 5
2026 1
Total 588
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Mary Carrington publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Mary Carrington sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 532–541 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 534 publications — 91st percentile

91% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28 534
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Mary Carrington D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Mary Carrington sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 126–127 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 126 D-Index — 95th percentile

95% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19 126
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Research.com Recognitions

  • 2025 - Research.com Best Female Scientists Award

Overview

Mary Carrington is affiliated with the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard in the United States. Their research spans the fields of immunology and microbiology with a strong focus on medicine. Carrington's work includes significant contributions to immunology, virology, molecular biology, infectious diseases, and oncology.

The scientist's main topics of research cover:

  • Immune Cell Function and Interaction
  • HIV Research and Treatment
  • T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Vaccines and Immunoinformatics Approaches
  • Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Reproductive System and Pregnancy
  • Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers

Mary Carrington has published extensively, with a preferred publishing in journals such as bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Cell, Nature, Frontiers in Immunology, and The Journal of Immunology. The highest number of publications appear in bioRxiv, followed by multiple significant contributions in Cell and Nature.

Some of the recent notable papers include:

  • Distinct viral reservoirs in individuals with spontaneous control of HIV-1, 2020, Nature
  • Functional HPV-specific PD-1+ stem-like CD8 T cells in head and neck cancer, 2021, Nature
  • T cell reactivity to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is preserved in most but not all individuals, 2022, Cell
  • A high-resolution HLA reference panel capturing global population diversity enables multi-ancestry fine-mapping in HIV host response, 2021, Nature Genetics
  • Profiling SARS-CoV-2 HLA-I peptidome reveals T cell epitopes from out-of-frame ORFs, 2021, Cell

Frequent co-authors working with Carrington include:

  • Yuko Yuki
  • Maureen P. Martin
  • Mathias Viard
  • Bruce D. Walker
  • Arman Bashirova

This scientist's research is interdisciplinary, involving the interface of immune cell biology, infectious diseases, and cancer immunology. The detailed exploration of viral reservoirs and immune responses highlights a significant involvement in studies related to HIV as well as other viral infections like SARS-CoV-2.

Best Publications

  • Genetic Restriction of HIV-1 Infection and Progression to AIDS by a Deletion Allele of the CKR5 Structural Gene

    Michael Dean;Mary Carrington;Cheryl Winkler;Gavin A. Huttley

  • Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer

    Emad M. El-Omar;Emad M. El-Omar;Mary Carrington;Wong Ho Chow;Kenneth E.L. McColl

  • Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus

    David L. Thomas;Chloe L Thio;Maureen P. Martin;Ying Qi

  • The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation

    Pereyra F;Jia X;McLaren Pj

  • HLA and HIV-1: heterozygote advantage and B*35-Cw*04 disadvantage.

    Mary Carrington;George W. Nelson;Maureen P. Martin;Teri Kissner

  • Epistatic interaction between KIR3DS1 and HLA-B delays the progression to AIDS

    Maureen P. Martin;Xiaojiang Gao;Jeong Hee Lee;George W. Nelson

  • HLA and NK Cell Inhibitory Receptor Genes in Resolving Hepatitis C Virus Infection

    Salim I. Khakoo;Chloe L. Thio;Maureen P. Martin;Collin R. Brooks

  • Influence of combinations of human major histocompatibility complex genes on the course of HIV–1 infection

    Richard A. Kaslow;Mary Carrington;R. Apple;L. Park

  • Combinations of Maternal KIR and Fetal HLA-C Genes Influence the Risk of Preeclampsia and Reproductive Success

    Susan E. Hiby;James J. Walker;Kevin M. O'Shaughnessy;Christopher W.G. Redman

  • Contrasting Genetic Influence of CCR2 and CCR5 Variants on HIV-1 Infection and Disease Progression

    Michael W. Smith;Michael Dean;Mary Carrington;Cheryl Winkler

  • HLA-A*3101 and carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions in Europeans

    Mark McCormack;Ana Alfirevic;Stephane Bourgeois;John J. Farrell

  • The Influence of HLA Genotype on AIDS

    Mary Carrington;Stephen J. O'Brien

  • Genetic Restriction of AIDS Pathogenesis by an SDF-1 Chemokine Gene Variant

    Cheryl Winkler;William Modi;Michael W. Smith;George W. Nelson

  • A high resolution HLA and SNP haplotype map for disease association studies in the extended human MHC

    Paul I W de Bakker;Gil McVean;Pardis C Sabeti;Marcos M Miretti

  • Innate partnership of HLA-B and KIR3DL1 subtypes against HIV-1

    Maureen P. Martin;Ying Qi;Xiaojiang Gao;Eriko Yamada

  • Effect of a single amino acid change in MHC class I molecules on the rate of progression to AIDS.

    Xiaojiang Gao;George W. Nelson;Peter Karacki;Maureen P. Martin

  • Dating the Origin of the CCR5-Δ32 AIDS-Resistance Allele by the Coalescence of Haplotypes

    J. Claiborne Stephens;David E. Reich;David B. Goldstein;Hyoung Doo Shin

  • Sex differences in the Toll-like receptor–mediated response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to HIV-1

    Angela Meier;J Judy Chang;Ellen S Chan;Richard B Pollard

  • The Shaping of Modern Human Immune Systems by Multiregional Admixture with Archaic Humans

    Laurent Abi-Rached;Matthew J. Jobin;Matthew J. Jobin;Subhash Kulkarni;Alasdair McWhinnie

  • Maternal activating KIRs protect against human reproductive failure mediated by fetal HLA-C2

    Susan E. Hiby;Richard Apps;Andrew M. Sharkey;Lydia E. Farrell

Frequent Co-Authors

Maureen P. Martin
Maureen P. Martin National Institutes of Health
Bruce D. Walker
Bruce D. Walker Harvard University
Xiaojiang Gao
Xiaojiang Gao National Institutes of Health
Stephen J. O'Brien
Stephen J. O'Brien Nova Southeastern University
James J. Goedert
James J. Goedert National Institutes of Health
Marcus Altfeld
Marcus Altfeld University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
Jacques Fellay
Jacques Fellay École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Philip J. R. Goulder
Philip J. R. Goulder University of Oxford
Susan Buchbinder
Susan Buchbinder University of California, San Francisco
Michael Dean
Michael Dean National Institutes of Health

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Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

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Those seeking a faster route into nursing might consider accelerated nursing programs. These intensive programs condense traditional coursework, helping students enter the workforce quickly while covering essential clinical skills relevant to immunology-related care.

For individuals aiming to start their nursing careers sooner, the fastest and easiest LPN programs offer an accessible entry point. LPN roles provide foundational patient care experience, serving as a stepping stone for advanced study in immunology or nursing specialties.

Further advancement is possible through easiest NP program options, enabling nurses to specialize in areas like immunological disorders and autoimmune diseases. These programs combine advanced clinical training with immunology knowledge to prepare healthcare professionals for specialized roles.

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