World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 99 753 691 429 387 361 35421
Medicine 99 8607 8084 4436 4103 363 35420

Carl F. Ware publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Carl F. Ware between 1976 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Carl F. Ware published across 50 years, from 1976 to 2025, averaging 8.3 papers a year. Output peaked at 29 publications in 2023. 11 of the 414 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10 15 20 25
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1976 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 29. Peak 29 publications in 2023. 1976: 2 publications 1977: 1 publication 1978: 0 publications 1979: 2 publications 1980: 0 publications 1981: 2 publications 1982: 3 publications 1983: 4 publications 1984: 2 publications 1985: 5 publications 1986: 6 publications 1987: 4 publications 1988: 4 publications 1989: 4 publications 1990: 5 publications 1991: 4 publications 1992: 2 publications 1993: 2 publications 1994: 5 publications 1995: 10 publications 1996: 3 publications 1997: 10 publications 1998: 5 publications 1999: 6 publications 2000: 14 publications 2001: 18 publications 2002: 7 publications 2003: 11 publications 2004: 8 publications 2005: 14 publications 2006: 7 publications 2007: 19 publications 2008: 19 publications 2009: 13 publications 2010: 16 publications 2011: 16 publications 2012: 13 publications 2013: 16 publications 2014: 14 publications 2015: 13 publications 2016: 12 publications 2017: 8 publications 2018: 6 publications 2019: 10 publications 2020: 15 publications 2021: 10 publications 2022: 4 publications 2023: 29 publications 2024: 4 publications 2025: 7 publications
1976 2025

414 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Carl F. Ware: publications per year, 1976 to 2025
Year Publications
1976 2
1977 1
1978 0
1979 2
1980 0
1981 2
1982 3
1983 4
1984 2
1985 5
1986 6
1987 4
1988 4
1989 4
1990 5
1991 4
1992 2
1993 2
1994 5
1995 10
1996 3
1997 10
1998 5
1999 6
2000 14
2001 18
2002 7
2003 11
2004 8
2005 14
2006 7
2007 19
2008 19
2009 13
2010 16
2011 16
2012 13
2013 16
2014 14
2015 13
2016 12
2017 8
2018 6
2019 10
2020 15
2021 10
2022 4
2023 29
2024 4
2025 7
Total 414
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Carl F. Ware publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Carl F. Ware sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 352–361 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 361 publications — 75th percentile

75% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69 361
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Carl F. Ware D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Carl F. Ware sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 98–99 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 99 D-Index — 85th percentile

85% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68 99
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Overview

Carl F. Ware is affiliated with the Discovery Institute in the United States. Their research primarily spans the fields of Medicine and Immunology and Microbiology, with notable contributions to subfields such as Immunology, Oncology, Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, and Surgery.

The scientist's body of work emphasizes topics including Immune Cell Function and Interaction, Immune Response and Inflammation, T-cell and B-cell Immunology, Immunotherapy and Immune Responses, Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers, Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments, and the Long-Term Effects of COVID-19.

Recent publications include:

  • Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Program a Distinct Subset of IL-22BP-Producing Dendritic Cells Demarcating Solitary Intestinal Lymphoid Tissues (2020, Immunity)
  • Realigning the LIGHT signaling network to control dysregulated inflammation (2022, The Journal of Experimental Medicine)
  • RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tumor necrosis factor overcomes immune evasion in p53-mutant medulloblastoma (2020, Nature Neuroscience)
  • Targeting the TNF and TNFR superfamilies in autoimmune disease and cancer (2024, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery)
  • Levels of the TNF-Related Cytokine LIGHT Increase in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Cytokine Release Syndrome and ARDS (2020, mSphere)

Frequent co-authors in Carl F. Ware's research include Richard Virgen-Slane, Paula S. Norris, Garry A. Neil, Wai Lin, and John R. Šedý, with collaborations ranging from five to six joint publications each.

Their works have been published extensively in venues such as The Journal of Immunology, bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Cancer Research, and Nature Neuroscience.

Best Publications

  • Cell-autonomous Fas (CD95)/Fas-ligand interaction mediates activation-induced apoptosis in T-cell hybridomas

    Thomas Brunner;Rona J. Mogil;Drake LaFace;Nam Jin Yoo

  • The Epstein-Barr virus transforming protein LMP1 engages signaling proteins for the tumor necrosis factor receptor family

    George Mosialos;Mark Birkenbacht;Ramana Yalamanchill;Todd Van Arsdale

  • The Lymphotoxin-β Receptor Induces Different Patterns of Gene Expression via Two NF-κB Pathways

    Emmanuel Dejardin;Nathalie M Droin;Mireille Delhase;Elvira Haas

  • LIGHT, a New Member of the TNF Superfamily, and Lymphotoxin α Are Ligands for Herpesvirus Entry Mediator

    Davide N Mauri;Reinhard Ebner;Rebecca I Montgomery;Kristine D Kochel

  • Three distinct antigens associated with human T-lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis: LFA-1, LFA-2, and LFA-3.

    Francisco Sanchez-Madrid;Alan M. Krensky;Carl F. Ware;Elizabeth Robbins

  • Rapid colormetric assay for cell viability: Application to the quantitation of cytotoxic and growth inhibitory lymphokines

    Lora M. Green;Jeanne L. Reade;Carl F. Ware

  • B and T lymphocyte attenuator regulates T cell activation through interaction with herpesvirus entry mediator.

    John R Sedy;Maya Gavrieli;Karen G Potter;Michelle A Hurchla

  • Lymphotoxin β, a novel member of the TNF family that forms a heteromeric complex with lymphotoxin on the cell surface

    Jeffrey L. Browning;Apinya Ngam-ek;Pornsri Lawton;Janice DeMarinis

  • Regulated Expression of Nuclear Receptor RORγt Confers Distinct Functional Fates to NK Cell Receptor-Expressing RORγt+ Innate Lymphocytes

    Cedric Vonarbourg;Arthur Mortha;Viet L. Bui;Viet L. Bui;Pedro P. Hernandez;Pedro P. Hernandez

  • NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS: Lymphotoxins, LIGHT, and TNF

    Carl F. Ware

  • A lymphotoxin-β-specific receptor

    Paul D. Crowe;Todd L. VanArsdale;Barbara N. Walter;Carl F. Ware

  • To kill or be killed: viral evasion of apoptosis

    Chris A. Benedict;Paula S. Norris;Carl F. Ware

  • Clinical targeting of the TNF and TNFR superfamilies

    Michael Croft;Chris A. Benedict;Carl F. Ware

  • Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Binds to the Cytoplasmic Domain of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor 1 and Enhances TNF-Induced Apoptosis

    Nongliao Zhu;Ali Khoshnan;Robert Schneider;Masayuki Matsumoto

  • A fourth IκB protein within the NF-κB signaling module

    Soumen Basak;Hana Kim;Jeffrey D. Kearns;Vinay Tergaonkar

  • The TNF Receptor Superfamily in Co-stimulating and Co-inhibitory Responses

    Lindsay K. Ward-Kavanagh;Wai Wai Lin;John R. Šedý;Carl F. Ware

  • TRAF5, an Activator of NF-κB and Putative Signal Transducer for the Lymphotoxin-β Receptor

    Hiroyasu Nakano;Hideo Oshima;Winston Chung;Laura Williams-Abbott

  • A signature of circulating inflammatory proteins and development of end-stage renal disease in diabetes.

    Monika A Niewczas;Monika A Niewczas;Meda E Pavkov;Jan Skupien;Jan Skupien;Adam Smiles

  • The ligands and receptors of the lymphotoxin system.

    C. F. Ware;T. L. VanArsdale;P. D. Crowe;J. L. Browning

  • Intrinsic Lymphotoxin-β Receptor Requirement for Homeostasis of Lymphoid Tissue Dendritic Cells

    Kenji Kabashima;Theresa A. Banks;K. Mark Ansel;Theresa T. Lu

  • CD27, a Member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Activates NF-κB and Stress-activated Protein Kinase/c-Jun N-terminal Kinase via TRAF2, TRAF5, and NF-κB-inducing Kinase *

    Hisaya Akiba;Hiroyasu Nakano;Shigeyuki Nishinaka;Masahisa Shindo

Frequent Co-Authors

Chris A. Benedict
Chris A. Benedict La Jolla Institute For Allergy & Immunology
Michael Croft
Michael Croft La Jolla Institute For Allergy & Immunology
Klaus Pfeffer
Klaus Pfeffer Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
Mitchell Kronenberg
Mitchell Kronenberg University of California, San Diego
Jeffrey L. Browning
Jeffrey L. Browning Boston University
Kenneth M. Murphy
Kenneth M. Murphy Washington University in St. Louis
Dirk Elewaut
Dirk Elewaut Ghent University
Sergei A. Nedospasov
Sergei A. Nedospasov Lomonosov Moscow State University
Patricia G. Spear
Patricia G. Spear Northwestern University
Douglas R. Green
Douglas R. Green St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

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Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

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Advanced practice nursing is another related pathway. The what is the easiest np program guide highlights accessible programs for becoming Nurse Practitioners, which can include immunology-focused specialties, strengthening clinical expertise in immune-related diseases.

Specializing further, those interested in mental health applications linked to immunological factors may consider top mental health nursing programs. The best online psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner programs offer valuable training and clinical placements, bridging immunological research with psychiatric care.

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