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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 70 2371 2178 9 9 239 28473

Carolyn Williamson publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Carolyn Williamson between 1988 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Carolyn Williamson published across 38 years, from 1988 to 2025, averaging 7.5 papers a year. Output peaked at 29 publications in 2021. 32 of the 284 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10 15 20 25
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1988 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 29. Peak 29 publications in 2021. 1988: 1 publication 1989: 4 publications 1990: 1 publication 1991: 0 publications 1992: 1 publication 1993: 0 publications 1994: 0 publications 1995: 4 publications 1996: 0 publications 1997: 5 publications 1998: 2 publications 1999: 3 publications 2000: 2 publications 2001: 4 publications 2002: 6 publications 2003: 2 publications 2004: 5 publications 2005: 5 publications 2006: 5 publications 2007: 8 publications 2008: 11 publications 2009: 11 publications 2010: 9 publications 2011: 9 publications 2012: 18 publications 2013: 10 publications 2014: 11 publications 2015: 13 publications 2016: 9 publications 2017: 12 publications 2018: 5 publications 2019: 9 publications 2020: 11 publications 2021: 29 publications 2022: 15 publications 2023: 12 publications 2024: 17 publications 2025: 15 publications
1988 2025

284 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Carolyn Williamson: publications per year, 1988 to 2025
Year Publications
1988 1
1989 4
1990 1
1991 0
1992 1
1993 0
1994 0
1995 4
1996 0
1997 5
1998 2
1999 3
2000 2
2001 4
2002 6
2003 2
2004 5
2005 5
2006 5
2007 8
2008 11
2009 11
2010 9
2011 9
2012 18
2013 10
2014 11
2015 13
2016 9
2017 12
2018 5
2019 9
2020 11
2021 29
2022 15
2023 12
2024 17
2025 15
Total 284
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Carolyn Williamson publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Carolyn Williamson sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 232–241 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 239 publications — 48th percentile

48% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159 239
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Carolyn Williamson D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Carolyn Williamson sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 70–71 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 70 D-Index — 52nd percentile

52% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199 70
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Overview

Carolyn Williamson is a researcher affiliated with the University of Cape Town in South Africa. Their work spans multiple disciplines within medicine, with a particular focus on infectious diseases and immunology.

The main fields of study in Williamson's research include Medicine and Immunology and Microbiology. Within these broad areas, their subfields of focus are Infectious Diseases, Virology, Molecular Biology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, and Immunology.

Williamson has contributed extensively to topics related to HIV and SARS-CoV-2, including:

  • HIV Research and Treatment
  • SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
  • HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
  • SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
  • Vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
  • COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies

Their frequent publication venues are:

  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • UNC Libraries
  • Journal of Virology
  • Nature Communications
  • Nature

Williamson has collaborated regularly with several researchers, including:

  • Deelan Doolabh
  • Arash Iranzadeh
  • Penny L. Moore
  • Lynn Morris
  • Houriiyah Tegally

Some of Williamson's recent papers are:

  • Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa, 2022, Nature
  • Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa, 2021, Nature
  • Emergence and rapid spread of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage with multiple spike mutations in South Africa, 2020, bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization, 2021, Nature
  • Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages BA.4 and BA.5 in South Africa, 2022, Nature Medicine

The research focus throughout these publications includes genomic surveillance, variant detection, and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2, especially variants of concern such as Omicron.

Best Publications

  • Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa

    Unknown

  • Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization

    Unknown

  • Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa.

    Houriiyah Tegally;Eduan Wilkinson;Marta Giovanetti;Marta Giovanetti;Arash Iranzadeh

  • Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages BA.4 and BA.5 in South Africa

    Unknown

  • RDP2: recombination detection and analysis from sequence alignments

    D. P. Martin;C. Williamson;D. Posada

  • Emergence and rapid spread of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage with multiple spike mutations in South Africa

    Houriiyah Tegally;Eduan Wilkinson;Marta Giovanetti;Marta Giovanetti;Arash Iranzadeh

  • A Modified Bootscan Algorithm for Automated Identification of Recombinant Sequences and Recombination Breakpoints

    D.P. Martin;D. Posada;K.A. Crandall;C. Williamson

  • Developmental pathway for potent V1V2-directed HIV-neutralizing antibodies.

    Nicole A. Doria-Rose;Chaim A. Schramm;Jason Gorman;Penny L. Moore

  • Escape of SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 from neutralization by convalescent plasma.

    Sandile Cele;Inbal Gazy;Inbal Gazy;Laurelle Jackson;Shi-Hsia Hwa

  • The Neutralization Breadth of HIV-1 Develops Incrementally over Four Years and Is Associated with CD4+ T Cell Decline and High Viral Load during Acute Infection

    Elin S. Gray;Maphuti C. Madiga;Tandile. Hermanus;Penny L. Moore

  • Quantitating the Multiplicity of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Reveals a Non-Poisson Distribution of Transmitted Variants

    M. R. Abrahams;J. A. Anderson;E. E. Giorgi;E. E. Giorgi;C. Seoighe

  • Two Randomized Trials of Neutralizing Antibodies to Prevent HIV-1 Acquisition

    Lawrence Corey;Peter B Gilbert;Michal Juraska;David C Montefiori

  • Genital Inflammation and the Risk of HIV Acquisition in Women

    Lindi Masson;Lindi Masson;Jo Ann S. Passmore;Jo Ann S. Passmore;Lenine J. Liebenberg;Lise Werner

  • Viral escape from HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies drives increased plasma neutralization breadth through sequential recognition of multiple epitopes and immunotypes

    Constantinos Kurt Wibmer;Jinal N Bhiman;Elin S Gray;Nancy Tumba

  • Global and regional molecular epidemiology of HIV-1, 1990–2015: a systematic review, global survey, and trend analysis

    Joris Hemelaar;Ramyiadarsini Elangovan;Jason Yun;Leslie Dickson-Tetteh

  • Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Infection

    E. S. Gray;P. L. Moore;I. A. Choge;J. M. Decker

  • Evolution of an HIV glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibody epitope through immune escape

    Penny L. Moore;Elin S. Gray;C. Kurt Wibmer;C. Kurt Wibmer;Jinal N. Bhiman;Jinal N. Bhiman

  • Genetic and Neutralization Properties of Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Molecular env Clones from Acute and Early Heterosexually Acquired Infections in Southern Africa

    Ming Li;Jesus F. Salazar-Gonzalez;Cynthia A. Derdeyn;Lynn Morris

  • Sixteen novel lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa.

    Houriiyah Tegally;Eduan Wilkinson;Richard J. Lessells;Jennifer Giandhari

  • Optimal combinations of broadly neutralizing antibodies for prevention and treatment of HIV-1 Clade C infection

    Kshitij Wagh;Tanmoy Bhattacharya;Carolyn Williamson;Alex Robles

  • Dual HIV-1 infection associated with rapid disease progression.

    Geoffrey S. Gottlieb;David C. Nickle;Mark A. Jensen;Kim G. Wong

  • Limited neutralizing antibody specificities drive neutralization escape in early HIV-1 subtype C infection.

    Penny L. Moore;Nthabeleng Ranchobe;Bronwen E. Lambson;Elin S. Gray

  • Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression.

    Lindi Roberts;Jo-Ann S Passmore;Carolyn Williamson;Francesca Little

Frequent Co-Authors

Salim S. Abdool Karim
Salim S. Abdool Karim Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
Lynn Morris
Lynn Morris University of the Witwatersrand
Penny L. Moore
Penny L. Moore National Health Laboratory Service
Koleka Mlisana
Koleka Mlisana National Health Laboratory Service
Quarraisha Abdool Karim
Quarraisha Abdool Karim Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
Anna-Lise Williamson
Anna-Lise Williamson University of Cape Town
Jinal N. Bhiman
Jinal N. Bhiman University of the Witwatersrand
Elin S. Gray
Elin S. Gray Edith Cowan University
Bette T. Korber
Bette T. Korber Los Alamos National Laboratory
David C. Montefiori
David C. Montefiori Duke University

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Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

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Understanding these related programs can help immunology students and professionals find complementary career pathways that enhance their expertise and employment prospects.

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