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Immunology
USA
2026

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 143 149 138 99 91 475 78969

Warren J. Leonard publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Warren J. Leonard between 1973 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Warren J. Leonard published across 53 years, from 1973 to 2025, averaging 10.4 papers a year. Output peaked at 45 publications in 2024. 56 of the 553 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
10 20 30 40
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1973 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 45. Peak 45 publications in 2024. 1973: 1 publication 1974: 0 publications 1975: 1 publication 1976: 0 publications 1977: 0 publications 1978: 0 publications 1979: 0 publications 1980: 0 publications 1981: 0 publications 1982: 3 publications 1983: 5 publications 1984: 11 publications 1985: 18 publications 1986: 10 publications 1987: 6 publications 1988: 6 publications 1989: 6 publications 1990: 10 publications 1991: 3 publications 1992: 2 publications 1993: 14 publications 1994: 10 publications 1995: 15 publications 1996: 9 publications 1997: 13 publications 1998: 9 publications 1999: 8 publications 2000: 19 publications 2001: 7 publications 2002: 6 publications 2003: 8 publications 2004: 8 publications 2005: 12 publications 2006: 4 publications 2007: 9 publications 2008: 27 publications 2009: 12 publications 2010: 19 publications 2011: 21 publications 2012: 14 publications 2013: 20 publications 2014: 14 publications 2015: 11 publications 2016: 24 publications 2017: 20 publications 2018: 12 publications 2019: 16 publications 2020: 5 publications 2021: 15 publications 2022: 13 publications 2023: 21 publications 2024: 45 publications 2025: 11 publications
1973 2025

553 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Warren J. Leonard: publications per year, 1973 to 2025
Year Publications
1973 1
1974 0
1975 1
1976 0
1977 0
1978 0
1979 0
1980 0
1981 0
1982 3
1983 5
1984 11
1985 18
1986 10
1987 6
1988 6
1989 6
1990 10
1991 3
1992 2
1993 14
1994 10
1995 15
1996 9
1997 13
1998 9
1999 8
2000 19
2001 7
2002 6
2003 8
2004 8
2005 12
2006 4
2007 9
2008 27
2009 12
2010 19
2011 21
2012 14
2013 20
2014 14
2015 11
2016 24
2017 20
2018 12
2019 16
2020 5
2021 15
2022 13
2023 21
2024 45
2025 11
Total 553
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Warren J. Leonard publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Warren J. Leonard sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 472–481 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 475 publications — 88th percentile

88% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29 475
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Warren J. Leonard D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Warren J. Leonard sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 142–143 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 143 D-Index — 97th percentile

97% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9 143
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Research.com Recognitions

  • 2026 - Research.com Immunology in United States Leader Award
  • 2025 - Research.com Immunology in United States Leader Award
  • 2018 - Fellow, National Academy of Inventors
  • 2016 - Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
  • 2015 - Member of the National Academy of Sciences
  • 1999 - Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Overview

Warren J. Leonard is affiliated with the National Institutes of Health in the United States. Their research primarily centers on immunology, molecular biology, and medicine, focusing on the interface of immune cell function, cytokine signaling, and cancer immunotherapy.

The main fields of study for Leonard include Immunology and Microbiology, Medicine, and Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology. Subfields of their work include Immunology, Molecular Biology, Oncology, Dermatology, and Immunology and Allergy.

The scientist's research topics cover diverse areas:

  • Immune Cell Function and Interaction
  • T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • CAR-T cell therapy research
  • Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Dermatology and Skin Diseases
  • Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
  • RNA Research and Splicing

Leonard has contributed extensively to both basic and translational immunology. Recent publications include:

  • "PD-1 combination therapy with IL-2 modifies CD8+ T cell exhaustion program," 2022, Nature
  • "Role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergy and beyond," 2022, Nature Reviews. Immunology
  • "Lactate dehydrogenase inhibition synergizes with IL-21 to promote CD8+ T cell stemness and antitumor immunity," 2020, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • "An engineered IL-2 partial agonist promotes CD8+ T cell stemness," 2021, Nature
  • "Recent advances in understanding the role of IL-4 signaling," 2021, Faculty Reviews

Frequent collaborative partners in Leonard's research include:

  • Peng Li
  • Rosanne Spolski
  • Jian-Xin Lin
  • Jangsuk Oh
  • K. Christopher García

Publication venues where Leonard frequently appears encompass:

  • The Journal of Immunology
  • Nature
  • Nature Communications
  • eLife
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Leonard has received recognition through awards and honors such as:

  • Fellow, National Academy of Inventors (2018)
  • Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2016)
  • Member of the National Academy of Sciences (2015)
  • Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) (1999)

Best Publications

  • IL-6 programs T(H)-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways.

    Liang Zhou;Ivaylo I Ivanov;Rosanne Spolski;Roy Min

  • JAKS AND STATS: Biological Implications*

    Warren J. Leonard;John J. O'Shea

  • Interleukin-2 receptor γ chain mutation results in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency in humans

    M Noguchi;H Yi;H M Rosenblatt;A H Filipovich

  • Nonlinear Aspects of Competition Between Three Species

    Robert M. May;Warren J. Leonard

  • Defective lymphoid development in mice lacking expression of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain.

    Xiqing Cao;Elizabeth W. Shores;Jane Hu-Li;Miriam R. Anver

  • New insights into the regulation of T cells by |[gamma]|c family cytokines

    Yrina Rochman;Rosanne Spolski;Warren J. Leonard

  • Interleukin-2 at the Crossroads of Effector Responses, Tolerance, and Immunotherapy

    Wei Liao;Jian-Xin Lin;Warren J. Leonard

  • A Critical Role for IL-21 in Regulating Immunoglobulin Production

    Katsutoshi Ozaki;Rosanne Spolski;Carl G. Feng;Chen-Feng Qi

  • Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain: a functional component of the interleukin-7 receptor

    Masayuki Noguchi;Yoshiaki Nakamura;Sarah M. Russell;Steven F. Ziegler

  • A monoclonal antibody that appears to recognize the receptor for human T-cell growth factor; partial characterization of the receptor

    Warren J. Leonard;Joel M. Depper;Takashi Uchiyama;Kendall A. Smith

  • Molecular cloning and expression of cDNAs for the human interleukin-2 receptor

    Warren J. Leonard;Joel M. Depper;Gerald R. Crabtree;Stuart Rudikoff

  • Defective IL7R expression in T - B + NK + severe combined immunodeficiency

    Anne Puel;Steven F. Ziegler;Rebecca H. Buckley;Warren J. Leonard.

  • Mutation of Jak3 in a Patient with SCID: Essential Role of Jak3 in Lymphoid Development

    Sarah M. Russell;Nahid Tayebi;Hiroshi Nakajima;Mary C. Riedy

  • The role of shared receptor motifs and common stat proteins in the generation of cytokine pleiotropy and redundancy by IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-13, and IL-15

    Jian-Xin Lin;Thi-Sau Migone;Monica Tseng;Michael Friedmann

  • IL-2 Family Cytokines: New Insights into the Complex Roles of IL-2 as a Broad Regulator of T helper Cell Differentiation

    Wei Liao;Jian-Xin Lin;Warren J Leonard

  • The JAK-STAT Pathway

    Kazuroni Imada;Warren J Leonard

  • Synergy of IL-21 and IL-15 in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion and function.

    Rong Zeng;Rosanne Spolski;Steven E. Finkelstein;Sang Kon Oh

  • Interleukin-21: Basic Biology and Implications for Cancer and Autoimmunity*

    Rosanne Spolski;Warren J. Leonard

  • Regulatory B cells control T-cell autoimmunity through IL-21-dependent cognate interactions

    Ayumi Yoshizaki;Tomomitsu Miyagaki;David J. DiLillo;Takashi Matsushita

  • Cyclosporin A inhibits T-cell growth factor gene expression at the level of mRNA transcription

    Martin Kronke;Warren J. Leonard;Joel M. Depper;Suresh K. Arya

Frequent Co-Authors

Rosanne Spolski
Rosanne Spolski National Institutes of Health
Warner C. Greene
Warner C. Greene University of California, San Francisco
Thomas A. Waldmann
Thomas A. Waldmann National Institutes of Health
Hiroshi Nakajima
Hiroshi Nakajima Chiba University
Sarah M. Russell
Sarah M. Russell Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
Herbert C. Morse
Herbert C. Morse National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Martin Krönke
Martin Krönke University of Cologne
Susumu Nakae
Susumu Nakae Hiroshima University
John J. O'Shea
John J. O'Shea National Institutes of Health

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