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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 146 134 90 585 88887
Medicine 146 1330 769 589 88958

William E. Paul publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by William E. Paul between 1964 and 2019, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. William E. Paul published across 56 years, from 1964 to 2019, averaging 10.6 papers a year. Output peaked at 26 publications in 1982. 3 of the 592 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10 15 20 25
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1964 to 2019. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 26. Peak 26 publications in 1982. 1964: 1 publication 1965: 6 publications 1966: 0 publications 1967: 4 publications 1968: 2 publications 1969: 3 publications 1970: 11 publications 1971: 13 publications 1972: 16 publications 1973: 15 publications 1974: 16 publications 1975: 17 publications 1976: 12 publications 1977: 10 publications 1978: 12 publications 1979: 15 publications 1980: 15 publications 1981: 9 publications 1982: 26 publications 1983: 24 publications 1984: 11 publications 1985: 12 publications 1986: 22 publications 1987: 12 publications 1988: 14 publications 1989: 12 publications 1990: 6 publications 1991: 9 publications 1992: 14 publications 1993: 9 publications 1994: 7 publications 1995: 12 publications 1996: 7 publications 1997: 11 publications 1998: 13 publications 1999: 10 publications 2000: 13 publications 2001: 9 publications 2002: 13 publications 2003: 14 publications 2004: 7 publications 2005: 10 publications 2006: 6 publications 2007: 9 publications 2008: 22 publications 2009: 10 publications 2010: 16 publications 2011: 12 publications 2012: 6 publications 2013: 16 publications 2014: 2 publications 2015: 8 publications 2016: 2 publications 2017: 6 publications 2018: 1 publication 2019: 2 publications
1964 2019

592 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
William E. Paul: publications per year, 1964 to 2019
Year Publications
1964 1
1965 6
1966 0
1967 4
1968 2
1969 3
1970 11
1971 13
1972 16
1973 15
1974 16
1975 17
1976 12
1977 10
1978 12
1979 15
1980 15
1981 9
1982 26
1983 24
1984 11
1985 12
1986 22
1987 12
1988 14
1989 12
1990 6
1991 9
1992 14
1993 9
1994 7
1995 12
1996 7
1997 11
1998 13
1999 10
2000 13
2001 9
2002 13
2003 14
2004 7
2005 10
2006 6
2007 9
2008 22
2009 10
2010 16
2011 12
2012 6
2013 16
2014 2
2015 8
2016 2
2017 6
2018 1
2019 2
Total 592
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William E. Paul publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where William E. Paul sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 582–591 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 585 publications — 93rd percentile

93% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17 585
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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William E. Paul D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where William E. Paul sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 146–147 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 146 D-Index — 97th percentile

97% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7 146
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Research.com Recognitions

  • 2002 - American Association of Immunologists Lifetime Achievement Award
  • 1990 - Member of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM)
  • 1951 - Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Overview

William E. Paul was a scientist affiliated with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the United States. Their career was marked by involvement in immunology and related biomedical research fields.

Throughout their professional life, William E. Paul received several recognitions. These included the American Association of Immunologists Lifetime Achievement Award in 2002, membership in the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) awarded in 1990, and being named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 1951.

The data available does not include specific details about publications, co-authors, or distinct main and subfields of study. There are no listed recent papers, frequent publication venues, book publications, or defined main topics in their work.

The scientist's career was evidently dedicated to advancing the field of immunology, as suggested by their affiliation and the nature of awards received.

Best Publications

  • Interferon-gamma and B cell stimulatory factor-1 reciprocally regulate Ig isotype production

    Clifford M. Snapper;William E. Paul

  • Lymphocyte responses and cytokines

    William E. Paul;Robert A. Seder

  • Mast cell lines produce lymphokines in response to cross-linkage of Fc epsilon RI or to calcium ionophores.

    Marshall Plaut;Jacalyn H. Pierce;Cynthia J. Watson;Joan Hanley-Hyde

  • Mechanisms underlying lineage commitment and plasticity of helper CD4+ T cells.

    John J. O’Shea;William E. Paul

  • Impaired T H 17 cell differentiation in subjects with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome

    Joshua D. Milner;Jason M. Brenchley;Jason M. Brenchley;Arian Laurence;Alexandra F. Freeman

  • Lack of IL-4-induced Th2 response and IgE class switching in mice with disrupted Stat6 gene.

    Kazuya Shimoda;Jan van Deursent;Mark Y. Sangster;Sally R. Sarawar

  • Identification of a T cell-derived b cell growth factor distinct from interleukin 2.

    Maureen Howard;John Farrar;Mary Hilfiker;Barbara Johnson

  • Global Mapping of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 Reveals Specificity and Plasticity in Lineage Fate Determination of Differentiating CD4+ T Cells

    Gang Wei;Lai Wei;Jinfang Zhu;Chongzhi Zang

  • Generation of interleukin 4 (IL-4)-producing cells in vivo and in vitro: IL-2 and IL-4 are required for in vitro generation of IL-4-producing cells.

    G Le Gros;S Z Ben-Sasson;R Seder;F D Finkelman

  • The presence of interleukin 4 during in vitro priming determines the lymphokine-producing potential of CD4+ T cells from T cell receptor transgenic mice.

    R A Seder;W E Paul;M M Davis;B Fazekas de St Groth

  • Defective lymphoid development in mice lacking expression of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain.

    Xiqing Cao;Elizabeth W. Shores;Jane Hu-Li;Miriam R. Anver

  • CD4pos, NK1.1pos T cells promptly produce interleukin 4 in response to in vivo challenge with anti-CD3.

    T Yoshimoto;W E Paul

  • How are T H 2-type immune responses initiated and amplified?

    William E. Paul;Jinfang Zhu

  • Interleukin 12 acts directly on CD4+ T cells to enhance priming for interferon gamma production and diminishes interleukin 4 inhibition of such priming

    Robert A. Seder;Ricardo Gazzinelli;Alan Sher;William E. Paul

  • T-bet is rapidly induced by interferon-γ in lymphoid and myeloid cells

    Andre A. Lighvani;David M. Frucht;Dragana Jankovic;Hidehiro Yamane

  • B cell stimulatory factor-1 enhances the IgE response of lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells.

    R L Coffman;J Ohara;M W Bond;J Carty

  • Production of a monoclonal antibody to and molecular characterization of B-cell stimulatory factor-1.

    Junichi Ohara;William E. Paul

  • Conditional deletion of Gata3 shows its essential function in T(H)1-T(H)2 responses.

    Jinfang Zhu;Booki Min;Jane Hu-Li;Cynthia J Watson

  • NKT cell–mediated repression of tumor immunosurveillance by IL-13 and the IL-4R–STAT6 pathway

    Masaki Terabe;So Matsui;Nancy Noben-Trauth;Hangjiong Chen

  • IL-4 is required to generate and sustain in vivo IgE responses.

    F D Finkelman;I M Katona;J F Urban;J Holmes

  • Transforming Growth Factor-β Production and Myeloid Cells Are an Effector Mechanism through Which CD1d-restricted T Cells Block Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–mediated Tumor Immunosurveillance Abrogation Prevents Tumor Recurrence

    Masaki Terabe;So Matsui;Jong-Myun Park;Mizuko Mamura

Frequent Co-Authors

Jane Hu-Li
Jane Hu-Li National Institutes of Health
Jinfang Zhu
Jinfang Zhu National Institutes of Health
Clive P. Page
Clive P. Page King's College London
Ira Green
Ira Green National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Irwin Scher
Irwin Scher OperTechBio
James J. Mond
James J. Mond Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Ronald H. Schwartz
Ronald H. Schwartz National Institutes of Health
Fred D. Finkelman
Fred D. Finkelman University of Cincinnati
Donald E. Mosier
Donald E. Mosier Scripps Research Institute
Baruj Benacerraf
Baruj Benacerraf Harvard University

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Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

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