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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Microbiology 106 305 280 138 120 355 33844

Stephen H. Leppla publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Stephen H. Leppla between 1968 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Stephen H. Leppla published across 58 years, from 1968 to 2025, averaging 7.1 papers a year. Output peaked at 27 publications in 2012. 14 of the 410 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10 15 20 25
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1968 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 27. Peak 27 publications in 2012. 1968: 1 publication 1969: 0 publications 1970: 0 publications 1971: 1 publication 1972: 1 publication 1973: 0 publications 1974: 0 publications 1975: 0 publications 1976: 1 publication 1977: 1 publication 1978: 2 publications 1979: 3 publications 1980: 3 publications 1981: 3 publications 1982: 1 publication 1983: 1 publication 1984: 4 publications 1985: 3 publications 1986: 3 publications 1987: 0 publications 1988: 7 publications 1989: 7 publications 1990: 2 publications 1991: 3 publications 1992: 5 publications 1993: 3 publications 1994: 9 publications 1995: 4 publications 1996: 3 publications 1997: 4 publications 1998: 5 publications 1999: 8 publications 2000: 2 publications 2001: 9 publications 2002: 8 publications 2003: 16 publications 2004: 18 publications 2005: 11 publications 2006: 22 publications 2007: 12 publications 2008: 13 publications 2009: 20 publications 2010: 13 publications 2011: 14 publications 2012: 27 publications 2013: 15 publications 2014: 12 publications 2015: 15 publications 2016: 10 publications 2017: 6 publications 2018: 4 publications 2019: 11 publications 2020: 9 publications 2021: 7 publications 2022: 7 publications 2023: 27 publications 2024: 3 publications 2025: 11 publications
1968 2025

410 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Stephen H. Leppla: publications per year, 1968 to 2025
Year Publications
1968 1
1969 0
1970 0
1971 1
1972 1
1973 0
1974 0
1975 0
1976 1
1977 1
1978 2
1979 3
1980 3
1981 3
1982 1
1983 1
1984 4
1985 3
1986 3
1987 0
1988 7
1989 7
1990 2
1991 3
1992 5
1993 3
1994 9
1995 4
1996 3
1997 4
1998 5
1999 8
2000 2
2001 9
2002 8
2003 16
2004 18
2005 11
2006 22
2007 12
2008 13
2009 20
2010 13
2011 14
2012 27
2013 15
2014 12
2015 15
2016 10
2017 6
2018 4
2019 11
2020 9
2021 7
2022 7
2023 27
2024 3
2025 11
Total 410
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Stephen H. Leppla publication distribution in Microbiology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Microbiology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Stephen H. Leppla sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200 250
Bar chart with 64 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 55–64 to 679+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 288. Most scientists, 288, have 135–144 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 679 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 355–364 publications, is where this scientist sits. 55–64 publications: 8 scientists 65–74 publications: 29 scientists 75–84 publications: 55 scientists 85–94 publications: 112 scientists 95–104 publications: 137 scientists 105–114 publications: 190 scientists 115–124 publications: 235 scientists 125–134 publications: 234 scientists 135–144 publications: 288 scientists 145–154 publications: 265 scientists 155–164 publications: 264 scientists 165–174 publications: 253 scientists 175–184 publications: 276 scientists 185–194 publications: 190 scientists 195–204 publications: 234 scientists 205–214 publications: 208 scientists 215–224 publications: 198 scientists 225–234 publications: 155 scientists 235–244 publications: 161 scientists 245–254 publications: 160 scientists 255–264 publications: 146 scientists 265–274 publications: 139 scientists 275–284 publications: 148 scientists 285–294 publications: 115 scientists 295–304 publications: 96 scientists 305–314 publications: 88 scientists 315–324 publications: 106 scientists 325–334 publications: 65 scientists 335–344 publications: 76 scientists 345–354 publications: 64 scientists 355–364 publications: 62 scientists 365–374 publications: 65 scientists 375–384 publications: 61 scientists 385–394 publications: 34 scientists 395–404 publications: 44 scientists 405–414 publications: 36 scientists 415–424 publications: 35 scientists 425–434 publications: 29 scientists 435–444 publications: 33 scientists 445–454 publications: 34 scientists 455–464 publications: 25 scientists 465–474 publications: 26 scientists 475–484 publications: 20 scientists 485–494 publications: 19 scientists 495–504 publications: 16 scientists 505–514 publications: 17 scientists 515–524 publications: 23 scientists 525–534 publications: 14 scientists 535–544 publications: 14 scientists 545–554 publications: 18 scientists 555–564 publications: 12 scientists 565–574 publications: 7 scientists 575–584 publications: 9 scientists 585–594 publications: 9 scientists 595–604 publications: 9 scientists 605–614 publications: 7 scientists 615–624 publications: 9 scientists 625–634 publications: 7 scientists 635–644 publications: 4 scientists 645–654 publications: 5 scientists 655–664 publications: 6 scientists 665–674 publications: 7 scientists 675–678 publications: 3 scientists 679+ publications: 99 scientists
55–64 publications 679+

This scientist: 355 publications — 85th percentile

85% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 679 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Microbiology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 5,513 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
55–64 8
65–74 29
75–84 55
85–94 112
95–104 137
105–114 190
115–124 235
125–134 234
135–144 288
145–154 265
155–164 264
165–174 253
175–184 276
185–194 190
195–204 234
205–214 208
215–224 198
225–234 155
235–244 161
245–254 160
255–264 146
265–274 139
275–284 148
285–294 115
295–304 96
305–314 88
315–324 106
325–334 65
335–344 76
345–354 64
355–364 62 355
365–374 65
375–384 61
385–394 34
395–404 44
405–414 36
415–424 35
425–434 29
435–444 33
445–454 34
455–464 25
465–474 26
475–484 20
485–494 19
495–504 16
505–514 17
515–524 23
525–534 14
535–544 14
545–554 18
555–564 12
565–574 7
575–584 9
585–594 9
595–604 9
605–614 7
615–624 9
625–634 7
635–644 4
645–654 5
655–664 6
665–674 7
675–678 3
679+ 99
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Stephen H. Leppla D-index placement in Microbiology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Microbiology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Stephen H. Leppla sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 88 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40 to 127+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 162. Most scientists, 162, have 58 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 127 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 106 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40 D-Index: 30 scientists 41 D-Index: 86 scientists 42 D-Index: 90 scientists 43 D-Index: 117 scientists 44 D-Index: 122 scientists 45 D-Index: 123 scientists 46 D-Index: 108 scientists 47 D-Index: 110 scientists 48 D-Index: 106 scientists 49 D-Index: 109 scientists 50 D-Index: 129 scientists 51 D-Index: 111 scientists 52 D-Index: 116 scientists 53 D-Index: 127 scientists 54 D-Index: 134 scientists 55 D-Index: 134 scientists 56 D-Index: 112 scientists 57 D-Index: 136 scientists 58 D-Index: 162 scientists 59 D-Index: 151 scientists 60 D-Index: 139 scientists 61 D-Index: 123 scientists 62 D-Index: 126 scientists 63 D-Index: 144 scientists 64 D-Index: 109 scientists 65 D-Index: 103 scientists 66 D-Index: 124 scientists 67 D-Index: 112 scientists 68 D-Index: 103 scientists 69 D-Index: 131 scientists 70 D-Index: 94 scientists 71 D-Index: 93 scientists 72 D-Index: 96 scientists 73 D-Index: 92 scientists 74 D-Index: 80 scientists 75 D-Index: 66 scientists 76 D-Index: 87 scientists 77 D-Index: 60 scientists 78 D-Index: 73 scientists 79 D-Index: 59 scientists 80 D-Index: 57 scientists 81 D-Index: 55 scientists 82 D-Index: 47 scientists 83 D-Index: 77 scientists 84 D-Index: 50 scientists 85 D-Index: 45 scientists 86 D-Index: 42 scientists 87 D-Index: 41 scientists 88 D-Index: 32 scientists 89 D-Index: 38 scientists 90 D-Index: 35 scientists 91 D-Index: 34 scientists 92 D-Index: 27 scientists 93 D-Index: 26 scientists 94 D-Index: 33 scientists 95 D-Index: 22 scientists 96 D-Index: 37 scientists 97 D-Index: 22 scientists 98 D-Index: 21 scientists 99 D-Index: 22 scientists 100 D-Index: 30 scientists 101 D-Index: 16 scientists 102 D-Index: 20 scientists 103 D-Index: 17 scientists 104 D-Index: 19 scientists 105 D-Index: 16 scientists 106 D-Index: 19 scientists 107 D-Index: 18 scientists 108 D-Index: 14 scientists 109 D-Index: 10 scientists 110 D-Index: 9 scientists 111 D-Index: 7 scientists 112 D-Index: 11 scientists 113 D-Index: 6 scientists 114 D-Index: 15 scientists 115 D-Index: 10 scientists 116 D-Index: 12 scientists 117 D-Index: 7 scientists 118 D-Index: 10 scientists 119 D-Index: 10 scientists 120 D-Index: 11 scientists 121 D-Index: 2 scientists 122 D-Index: 7 scientists 123 D-Index: 12 scientists 124 D-Index: 5 scientists 125 D-Index: 9 scientists 126 D-Index: 6 scientists 127+ D-Index: 95 scientists
40 D-Index 127+

This scientist: 106 D-Index — 95th percentile

95% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 127 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Microbiology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 5,513 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40 30
41 86
42 90
43 117
44 122
45 123
46 108
47 110
48 106
49 109
50 129
51 111
52 116
53 127
54 134
55 134
56 112
57 136
58 162
59 151
60 139
61 123
62 126
63 144
64 109
65 103
66 124
67 112
68 103
69 131
70 94
71 93
72 96
73 92
74 80
75 66
76 87
77 60
78 73
79 59
80 57
81 55
82 47
83 77
84 50
85 45
86 42
87 41
88 32
89 38
90 35
91 34
92 27
93 26
94 33
95 22
96 37
97 22
98 21
99 22
100 30
101 16
102 20
103 17
104 19
105 16
106 19 106
107 18
108 14
109 10
110 9
111 7
112 11
113 6
114 15
115 10
116 12
117 7
118 10
119 10
120 11
121 2
122 7
123 12
124 5
125 9
126 6
127+ 95
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Overview

Stephen H. Leppla is affiliated with the National Institutes of Health in the United States. Their research primarily focuses on biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology, with particular expertise in molecular biology, genetics, biotechnology, ecology, and immunology. The main topics of Leppla's work encompass Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research, bacterial genetics and biotechnology, microbial inactivation methods, bacteriophages and microbial interactions, cancer research and treatments, microbial infections and disease research, and Yersinia bacterium, plague, and ectoparasites research.

Stephen H. Leppla has published extensively, including recent papers such as:

  • Bacillus cereus non-haemolytic enterotoxin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome (2020, Nature Communications)
  • Structural basis of R-loop recognition by the S9.6 monoclonal antibody (2022, Nature Communications)
  • ERK and c-Myc signaling in host-derived tumor endothelial cells is essential for solid tumor growth (2022, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
  • Anthrax toxins regulate pain signaling and can deliver molecular cargoes into ANTXR2+ DRG sensory neurons (2021, Nature Neuroscience)
  • Sequential CRISPR-Based Screens Identify LITAF and CDIP1 as the Bacillus cereus Hemolysin BL Toxin Host Receptors (2020, Cell Host & Microbe)

Leppla frequently publishes in scientific venues including:

  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • Toxins
  • Nature Communications
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • Nature Microbiology

Their collaborative work involves coauthors such as:

  • Mahtab Moayeri
  • Ankur Bothra
  • Shihui Liu
  • Rasem Fattah
  • Thomas Bugge

Leppla's research contributions cover a broad range of microbial and molecular topics, contributing to the understanding of bacterial pathogens, their toxins, and the molecular mechanisms underlying microbial interactions and disease processes. Their work includes investigation into bacterial enterotoxins, tumor cell signaling pathways, and the delivery of molecular cargo into sensory neurons by anthrax toxins.

Best Publications

  • Anthrax toxin edema factor: a bacterial adenylate cyclase that increases cyclic AMP concentrations of eukaryotic cells.

    S H Leppla

  • Proteolytic Inactivation of MAP-Kinase-Kinase by Anthrax Lethal Factor

    Nicholas S. Duesbery;Craig P. Webb;Stephen H. Leppla;Valery M. Gordon

  • Crystal structure of the anthrax toxin protective antigen.

    C Petosa;R.J Collier;K.R Klimpel;S.H Leppla

  • Human furin is a calcium-dependent serine endoprotease that recognizes the sequence Arg-X-X-Arg and efficiently cleaves anthrax toxin protective antigen.

    S S Molloy;P A Bresnahan;S H Leppla;K R Klimpel

  • Anthrax toxin protective antigen is activated by a cell surface protease with the sequence specificity and catalytic properties of furin

    Kurt R. Klimpel;Sean S. Molloy;Gary Thomas;Stephen H. Leppla

  • Anthrax toxin triggers endocytosis of its receptor via a lipid raft–mediated clathrin-dependent process

    Laurence Abrami;Shihui Liu;Pierre Cosson;Stephen H. Leppla

  • Crystal structure of the anthrax lethal factor

    AD Pannifer;TY Wong;Robert Schwarzenbacher;M Renatus

  • Rapid induction of inflammatory lipid mediators by the inflammasome in vivo

    Jakob von Moltke;Norver J. Trinidad;Mahtab Moayeri;Alexander F. Kintzer

  • Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin induces TNF-α–independent hypoxia-mediated toxicity in mice

    Mahtab Moayeri;Diana Haines;Howard A. Young;Stephen H. Leppla

  • Anthrax toxin lethal factor contains a zinc metalloprotease consensus sequence which is required for lethal toxin activity.

    Kurt R. Klimpel;Naveen Arora;Stephen H. Leppla

  • Protection against anthrax toxin by recombinant antibody fragments correlates with antigen affinity.

    Jennifer A. Maynard;Catharina B.M. Maassen;Stephen H. Leppla;Kathleen Brasky

  • The roles of anthrax toxin in pathogenesis.

    Mahtab Moayeri;Stephen H Leppla

  • Impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by anthrax lethal toxin.

    Anshu Agrawal;Jai Lingappa;Stephen H. Leppla;Sudhanshu Agrawal

  • Crystal structure of a complex between anthrax toxin and its host cell receptor

    Eugenio Santelli;Laurie A. Bankston;Stephen H. Leppla;Robert C. Liddington

  • Anthrax lethal factor cleavage of Nlrp1 is required for activation of the inflammasome.

    Jonathan L. Levinsohn;Zachary L. Newman;Kristina A. Hellmich;Rasem Fattah

  • Cellular and systemic effects of anthrax lethal toxin and edema toxin.

    Mahtab Moayeri;Stephen H. Leppla

  • Inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis block the entry of Bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase toxin but not that of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin.

    V M Gordon;S H Leppla;E L Hewlett

  • Effects of anthrax toxin components on human neutrophils.

    J O'Brien;A Friedlander;T Dreier;J Ezzell

  • Plant-Based Vaccine: Mice Immunized with Chloroplast-Derived Anthrax Protective Antigen Survive Anthrax Lethal Toxin Challenge

    Vijay Koya;Mahtab Moayeri;Stephen H. Leppla;Henry Daniell

  • Membrane insertion of anthrax protective antigen and cytoplasmic delivery of lethal factor occur at different stages of the endocytic pathway

    Laurence Abrami;Margaret Lindsay;Robert G. Parton;Stephen H. Leppla

  • Dual Role for Inflammasome Sensors NLRP1 and NLRP3 in Murine Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii

    Gezahegn Gorfu;Kimberly Cirelli;Mariane Bandeira Melo;Katrin Mayer-Barber

  • Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the protective antigen component of Bacillus anthracis toxin.

    Stephen F. Little;Stephen H. Leppla;Elsa Cora

Frequent Co-Authors

Mahtab Moayeri
Mahtab Moayeri National Institutes of Health
Thomas H. Bugge
Thomas H. Bugge National Institutes of Health
Arthur E. Frankel
Arthur E. Frankel Wake Forest University
Yogendra Singh
Yogendra Singh University of Delhi
Arthur M. Friedlander
Arthur M. Friedlander United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Robert H. Purcell
Robert H. Purcell National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Wei-Jen Tang
Wei-Jen Tang University of Chicago
Rachel Schneerson
Rachel Schneerson National Institutes of Health
Joseph Shiloach
Joseph Shiloach National Institutes of Health
Robert C. Liddington
Robert C. Liddington Discovery Institute

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