World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 80 1602 1458 137 130 254 29791
Medicine 80 16946 15935 1538 1471 253 29789

Persephone Borrow publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Persephone Borrow between 1988 and 2026, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Persephone Borrow published across 39 years, from 1988 to 2026, averaging 6.7 papers a year. Output peaked at 22 publications in 2020. 6 of the 262 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10 15 20
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1988 to 2026. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 22. Peak 22 publications in 2020. 1988: 1 publication 1989: 0 publications 1990: 1 publication 1991: 4 publications 1992: 3 publications 1993: 6 publications 1994: 5 publications 1995: 7 publications 1996: 4 publications 1997: 5 publications 1998: 6 publications 1999: 2 publications 2000: 2 publications 2001: 3 publications 2002: 3 publications 2003: 7 publications 2004: 7 publications 2005: 16 publications 2006: 5 publications 2007: 7 publications 2008: 6 publications 2009: 12 publications 2010: 10 publications 2011: 15 publications 2012: 7 publications 2013: 14 publications 2014: 5 publications 2015: 6 publications 2016: 6 publications 2017: 8 publications 2018: 10 publications 2019: 8 publications 2020: 22 publications 2021: 13 publications 2022: 7 publications 2023: 7 publications 2024: 6 publications 2025: 5 publications 2026: 1 publication
1988 2026

262 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Persephone Borrow: publications per year, 1988 to 2026
Year Publications
1988 1
1989 0
1990 1
1991 4
1992 3
1993 6
1994 5
1995 7
1996 4
1997 5
1998 6
1999 2
2000 2
2001 3
2002 3
2003 7
2004 7
2005 16
2006 5
2007 7
2008 6
2009 12
2010 10
2011 15
2012 7
2013 14
2014 5
2015 6
2016 6
2017 8
2018 10
2019 8
2020 22
2021 13
2022 7
2023 7
2024 6
2025 5
2026 1
Total 262
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Persephone Borrow publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Persephone Borrow sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 252–261 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 254 publications — 52nd percentile

52% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148 254
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Persephone Borrow D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Persephone Borrow sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 80–81 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 80 D-Index — 68th percentile

68% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121 80
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Overview

Persephone Borrow is affiliated with the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Their research spans multiple areas within immunology and medicine, with a primary focus on immune cell function and interaction, T-cell and B-cell immunology, and HIV research and treatment.

The scientist's work covers the following main fields of study:

  • Immunology and Microbiology
  • Medicine

Within these fields, they have contributed extensively to subfields such as:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epidemiology

Key topics addressed in their research include:

  • Immune Cell Function and Interaction
  • T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • HIV Research and Treatment
  • Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Vaccines and Immunoinformatics Approaches
  • SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Interferon and Immune Responses

Persephone Borrow has published notable papers such as:

  • "Broad and strong memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19" (2020, Nature Immunology)
  • "Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies" (2022, Nature reviews. Immunology)
  • "CD4+ T Follicular Helper Cells in Human Tonsils and Blood Are Clonally Convergent but Divergent from Non-Tfh CD4+ Cells" (2020, Cell Reports)
  • "Broad and strong memory CD4+and CD8+T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent COVID-19 patients" (2020, bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory))
  • "Aberrant B cell repertoire selection associated with HIV neutralizing antibody breadth" (2020, Nature Immunology)

Their frequent co-authors include:

  • Andrew J. McMichael
  • Barton F. Haynes
  • Simon Brackenridge
  • Isabela Pedroza-Pacheco
  • Wayne Paes

Persephone Borrow's publications have appeared predominantly in venue platforms such as:

  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • UNC Libraries
  • Nature reviews. Immunology
  • Frontiers in Immunology
  • Nature Communications

Best Publications

  • Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

    P Borrow;H Lewicki;B H Hahn;G M Shaw

  • Antiviral pressure exerted by HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during primary infection demonstrated by rapid selection of CTL escape virus.

    Persephone Borrow;Hanna Lewicki;Xiping Wei;Marc S. Horwitz

  • Induction of Bystander T Cell Proliferation by Viruses and Type I Interferon in Vivo

    David F. Tough;Persephone Borrow;Jonathan Sprent

  • The immune response during acute HIV-1 infection: clues for vaccine development.

    Andrew J. McMichael;Persephone Borrow;Georgia D. Tomaras;Nilu Goonetilleke

  • Cross-priming of CD8 + T cells stimulated by virus-induced type I interferon

    Agnes Le Bon;Nathalie Etchart;Nathalie Etchart;Cornelia Rossmann;Miranda Ashton

  • Induction of a Striking Systemic Cytokine Cascade prior to Peak Viremia in Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection, in Contrast to More Modest and Delayed Responses in Acute Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections

    Andrea R. Stacey;Philip J. Norris;Philip J. Norris;Li Qin;Li Qin;Elizabeth A. Haygreen

  • Identification of α-dystroglycan as a receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Lassa fever virus

    Wei Cao;Michael D. Henry;Persephone Borrow;Hiroki Yamada

  • Major expansion of CD8+ T cells with a predominant V beta usage during the primary immune response to HIV.

    G Pantaleo;J F Demarest;H Soudeyns;C Graziosi

  • The first T cell response to transmitted/founder virus contributes to the control of acute viremia in HIV-1 infection

    Nilu Goonetilleke;Michael K.P. Liu;Jesus F. Salazar-Gonzalez;Guido Ferrari

  • Viral infection switches non-plasmacytoid dendritic cells into high interferon producers

    Sandra S Diebold;Maria Montoya;Hermann Unger;Lena Alexopoulou

  • Type I interferons produced by dendritic cells promote their phenotypic and functional activation.

    Maria Montoya;Giovanna Schiavoni;Fabrizio Mattei;Ion Gresser

  • Initial T cell frequency dictates memory CD8+ T cell lineage commitment.

    Amanda L Marzo;Kimberly D Klonowski;Agnes Le Bon;Persephone Borrow

  • Cytokines induced during chronic hepatitis B virus infection promote a pathway for NK cell–mediated liver damage

    Claire Dunn;R. Maurizia Brunetto;Gary Reynolds;Theodoros Christophides

  • Phenotypic properties of transmitted founder HIV-1

    Nicholas F. Parrish;Feng Gao;Hui Li;Elena E. Giorgi

  • Virus-induced immunosuppression: immune system-mediated destruction of virus-infected dendritic cells results in generalized immune suppression.

    P. Borrow;C. F. Evans;M. B. A. Oldstone

  • Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies

    Unknown

  • SAP controls T cell responses to virus and terminal differentiation of TH2 cells.

    Chengbin Wu;Khuong B. Nguyen;Gary C. Pien;Ninghai Wang

  • CD40L-deficient mice show deficits in antiviral immunity and have an impaired memory CD8+ CTL response.

    P. Borrow;A. Tishon;S. Lee;J. Xu

  • Transmission of Single HIV-1 Genomes and Dynamics of Early Immune Escape Revealed by Ultra-Deep Sequencing

    Will Fischer;Vitaly V. Ganusov;Vitaly V. Ganusov;Elena E. Giorgi;Elena E. Giorgi;Peter T. Hraber

  • Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Escape from the Primary CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response

    Nicola A. Jones;Xiping Wei;Darren R. Flower;MaiLee Wong

Frequent Co-Authors

Andrew J. McMichael
Andrew J. McMichael University of Oxford
George M. Shaw
George M. Shaw University of Pennsylvania
Barton F. Haynes
Barton F. Haynes Duke University
Beatrice H. Hahn
Beatrice H. Hahn University of Pennsylvania
Michael B. A. Oldstone
Michael B. A. Oldstone Scripps Research Institute
Bette T. Korber
Bette T. Korber Los Alamos National Laboratory
Myron S. Cohen
Myron S. Cohen University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Philip J. Norris
Philip J. Norris University of California, San Francisco
Benedikt M. Kessler
Benedikt M. Kessler University of Oxford
Eric Hunter
Eric Hunter Emory University

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