World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Immunology

D-Index
41
Citations
25762
World Ranking
4902
National Ranking
317

Ludger Klein publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Ludger Klein sits on this spectrum.

62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 68 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientists 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62 publications 807+

This scientist: 70 publications — 1st percentile

1% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

Ludger Klein D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Ludger Klein sits on this spectrum.

40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 162 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 41 D-Index — 1st percentile

1% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

Overview

Ludger Klein is affiliated with Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in Germany. Their primary research fields are Immunology and Microbiology, with a focus also on Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology. Within these broader fields, their work spans subfields including Immunology, Molecular Biology, Epidemiology, Neurology, and Endocrine and Autonomic Systems.

The scientist's research emphasizes several main topics, notably T-cell and B-cell Immunology, Immune Cell Function and Interaction, and Immunotherapy and Immune Responses. Additional topics covered in their work include Biochemical and Molecular Research, Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms, and IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways.

Ludger Klein has published across several scientific venues. Frequent publication platforms include:

  • Nature Immunology
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie
  • Nature Communications

The scientist has collaborated regularly with several coauthors, notably Elisabetta Petrozziello, Simon Grassmann, Sebastian Jarosch, Veit R. Buchholz, and Dirk H. Busch.

Selected recent publications by Ludger Klein include:

  • Antigen presentation for central tolerance induction, 2024, Nature Reviews Immunology
  • B cells orchestrate tolerance to the neuromyelitis optica autoantigen AQP4, 2024, Nature
  • LAMP2 regulates autophagy in the thymic epithelium and thymic stroma-dependent CD4 T cell development, 2022, Autophagy
  • Reverse TCR repertoire evolution toward dominant low-affinity clones during chronic CMV infection, 2020, Nature Immunology
  • Toll-like receptor signaling in thymic epithelium controls monocyte-derived dendritic cell recruitment and Treg generation, 2020, Nature Communications

Best Publications

  • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

    Daniel J. Klionsky;Fabio C. Abdalla;Hagai Abeliovich;Robert T. Abraham

  • Projection of an Immunological Self Shadow Within the Thymus by the Aire Protein

    Mark S. Anderson;Emily S. Venanzi;Ludger Klein;Zhibin Chen

  • Positive and negative selection of the T cell repertoire: what thymocytes see (and don't see).

    Ludger Klein;Bruno Kyewski;Paul M. Allen;Kristin A. Hogquist

  • Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self.

    Jens Derbinski;Antje Schulte;Bruno Kyewski;Ludger Klein;Ludger Klein

  • Origin of regulatory T cells with known specificity for antigen

    Irina Apostolou;Adelaida Sarukhan;Ludger Klein;Harald von Boehmer

  • A CENTRAL ROLE FOR CENTRAL TOLERANCE

    Bruno Kyewski;Ludger Klein

  • Selection of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells specific for self antigen expressed and presented by Aire + medullary thymic epithelial cells

    Katharina Aschenbrenner;Louise M D'Cruz;Louise M D'Cruz;Elisabeth H Vollmann;Elisabeth H Vollmann;Maria Hinterberger

  • Antigen presentation in the thymus for positive selection and central tolerance induction

    Ludger Klein;Maria Hinterberger;Gerald Wirnsberger;Bruno Kyewski

  • Development and function of agonist-induced CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the absence of interleukin 2 signaling.

    Louise M D'Cruz;Ludger Klein

  • Autophagy in thymic epithelium shapes the T-cell repertoire and is essential for tolerance.

    Jelena Nedjic;Martin Aichinger;Martin Aichinger;Jan Emmerich;Jan Emmerich;Noboru Mizushima

  • In vivo dynamics of antigen-specific regulatory T cells not predicted from behavior in vitro.

    Ludger Klein;Khashayarsha Khazaie;Harald von Boehmer

  • Shaping of the autoreactive T-cell repertoire by a splice variant of self protein expressed in thymic epithelial cells.

    Ludger Klein;Ludger Klein;Matthias Klugmann;Klaus Armin Nave;Vincent K. Tuohy

  • Continuous T Cell Receptor Signals Maintain a Functional Regulatory T Cell Pool

    J. Christoph Vahl;Christoph Drees;Klaus Heger;Sylvia Heink

  • Autonomous role of medullary thymic epithelial cells in central CD4 + T cell tolerance

    Maria Hinterberger;Martin Aichinger;Olivia Prazeres da Costa;David Voehringer

  • Thymic B Cells Are Licensed to Present Self Antigens for Central T Cell Tolerance Induction.

    Tomoyoshi Yamano;Jelena Nedjic;Maria Hinterberger;Madlen Steinert

  • Thymic selection revisited: how essential is it?

    Harald von Boehmer;Iannis Aifantis;Fotini Gounari;Orly Azogui

  • Promiscuous gene expression and central T-cell tolerance: more than meets the eye

    Bruno Kyewski;Jens Derbinski;Jörn Gotter;Ludger Klein

  • Cutting Edge: Attenuated Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Eta-1/Osteopontin-Deficient Mice

    Marianne Jansson;Vily Panoutsakopoulou;Jessica Baker;Ludger Klein

  • Central CD4+ T cell tolerance: deletion versus regulatory T cell differentiation

    Ludger Klein;Ellen A. Robey;Chyi-Song Hsieh

  • CD4 T cell tolerance to human C-reactive protein, an inducible serum protein, is mediated by medullary thymic epithelium.

    Ludger Klein;Thomas Klein;Ulrich Rüther;Bruno Kyewski

Frequent Co-Authors

Bruno Kyewski
Bruno Kyewski German Cancer Research Center
Harald von Boehmer
Harald von Boehmer Harvard University
Noboru Mizushima
Noboru Mizushima University of Tokyo
Albert R. La Spada
Albert R. La Spada University of California, Irvine
Tomoyoshi Nozaki
Tomoyoshi Nozaki University of Tokyo
Pascale Cossart
Pascale Cossart Institut Pasteur
Diane Mathis
Diane Mathis Harvard University
Vladimir Benes
Vladimir Benes European Molecular Biology Laboratory
Andrea Ballabio
Andrea Ballabio Baylor College of Medicine
Enza Maria Valente
Enza Maria Valente University of Pavia

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