World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!
Carol Scheffner Hammer

Carol Scheffner Hammer

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Psychology 38 8832 8247 4699 4277 93 6565

Carol Scheffner Hammer publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Carol Scheffner Hammer between 1986 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Carol Scheffner Hammer published across 40 years, from 1986 to 2025, averaging 2.5 papers a year. Output peaked at 11 publications in 2020. 3 of the 98 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
2 4 6 8 10
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1986 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 11. Peak 11 publications in 2020. 1986: 1 publication 1987: 0 publications 1988: 0 publications 1989: 0 publications 1990: 0 publications 1991: 0 publications 1992: 0 publications 1993: 0 publications 1994: 1 publication 1995: 0 publications 1996: 1 publication 1997: 0 publications 1998: 2 publications 1999: 1 publication 2000: 1 publication 2001: 1 publication 2002: 2 publications 2003: 4 publications 2004: 7 publications 2005: 2 publications 2006: 1 publication 2007: 3 publications 2008: 2 publications 2009: 3 publications 2010: 2 publications 2011: 8 publications 2012: 8 publications 2013: 2 publications 2014: 3 publications 2015: 8 publications 2016: 6 publications 2017: 1 publication 2018: 3 publications 2019: 3 publications 2020: 11 publications 2021: 2 publications 2022: 2 publications 2023: 4 publications 2024: 1 publication 2025: 2 publications
1986 2025

98 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Carol Scheffner Hammer: publications per year, 1986 to 2025
Year Publications
1986 1
1987 0
1988 0
1989 0
1990 0
1991 0
1992 0
1993 0
1994 1
1995 0
1996 1
1997 0
1998 2
1999 1
2000 1
2001 1
2002 2
2003 4
2004 7
2005 2
2006 1
2007 3
2008 2
2009 3
2010 2
2011 8
2012 8
2013 2
2014 3
2015 8
2016 6
2017 1
2018 3
2019 3
2020 11
2021 2
2022 2
2023 4
2024 1
2025 2
Total 98
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Carol Scheffner Hammer publication distribution in Psychology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Psychology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Carol Scheffner Hammer sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600
Bar chart with 69 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 31–40 to 705+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 736. Most scientists, 736, have 101–110 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 705 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 91–100 publications, is where this scientist sits. 31–40 publications: 6 scientists 41–50 publications: 52 scientists 51–60 publications: 138 scientists 61–70 publications: 299 scientists 71–80 publications: 461 scientists 81–90 publications: 605 scientists 91–100 publications: 713 scientists 101–110 publications: 736 scientists 111–120 publications: 686 scientists 121–130 publications: 670 scientists 131–140 publications: 644 scientists 141–150 publications: 597 scientists 151–160 publications: 576 scientists 161–170 publications: 477 scientists 171–180 publications: 450 scientists 181–190 publications: 397 scientists 191–200 publications: 343 scientists 201–210 publications: 328 scientists 211–220 publications: 313 scientists 221–230 publications: 283 scientists 231–240 publications: 226 scientists 241–250 publications: 196 scientists 251–260 publications: 201 scientists 261–270 publications: 171 scientists 271–280 publications: 151 scientists 281–290 publications: 139 scientists 291–300 publications: 113 scientists 301–310 publications: 102 scientists 311–320 publications: 100 scientists 321–330 publications: 76 scientists 331–340 publications: 92 scientists 341–350 publications: 85 scientists 351–360 publications: 69 scientists 361–370 publications: 71 scientists 371–380 publications: 63 scientists 381–390 publications: 58 scientists 391–400 publications: 57 scientists 401–410 publications: 43 scientists 411–420 publications: 33 scientists 421–430 publications: 50 scientists 431–440 publications: 41 scientists 441–450 publications: 32 scientists 451–460 publications: 27 scientists 461–470 publications: 28 scientists 471–480 publications: 25 scientists 481–490 publications: 28 scientists 491–500 publications: 20 scientists 501–510 publications: 23 scientists 511–520 publications: 26 scientists 521–530 publications: 17 scientists 531–540 publications: 21 scientists 541–550 publications: 14 scientists 551–560 publications: 16 scientists 561–570 publications: 10 scientists 571–580 publications: 22 scientists 581–590 publications: 9 scientists 591–600 publications: 14 scientists 601–610 publications: 9 scientists 611–620 publications: 11 scientists 621–630 publications: 4 scientists 631–640 publications: 7 scientists 641–650 publications: 5 scientists 651–660 publications: 10 scientists 661–670 publications: 8 scientists 671–680 publications: 8 scientists 681–690 publications: 4 scientists 691–700 publications: 3 scientists 701–704 publications: 4 scientists 705+ publications: 100 scientists
31–40 publications 705+

This scientist: 93 publications — 15th percentile

15% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 705 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Psychology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 11,416 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
31–40 6
41–50 52
51–60 138
61–70 299
71–80 461
81–90 605
91–100 713 93
101–110 736
111–120 686
121–130 670
131–140 644
141–150 597
151–160 576
161–170 477
171–180 450
181–190 397
191–200 343
201–210 328
211–220 313
221–230 283
231–240 226
241–250 196
251–260 201
261–270 171
271–280 151
281–290 139
291–300 113
301–310 102
311–320 100
321–330 76
331–340 92
341–350 85
351–360 69
361–370 71
371–380 63
381–390 58
391–400 57
401–410 43
411–420 33
421–430 50
431–440 41
441–450 32
451–460 27
461–470 28
471–480 25
481–490 28
491–500 20
501–510 23
511–520 26
521–530 17
531–540 21
541–550 14
551–560 16
561–570 10
571–580 22
581–590 9
591–600 14
601–610 9
611–620 11
621–630 4
631–640 7
641–650 5
651–660 10
661–670 8
671–680 8
681–690 4
691–700 3
701–704 4
705+ 100
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Carol Scheffner Hammer D-index placement in Psychology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Psychology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Carol Scheffner Hammer sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600
Bar chart with 58 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 30–31 to 144+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 702. Most scientists, 702, have 32–33 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 144 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 38–39 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 30–31 D-Index: 398 scientists 32–33 D-Index: 702 scientists 34–35 D-Index: 671 scientists 36–37 D-Index: 659 scientists 38–39 D-Index: 641 scientists 40–41 D-Index: 671 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 617 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 558 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 495 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 487 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 445 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 390 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 408 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 345 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 325 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 321 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 248 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 290 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 218 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 219 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 215 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 183 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 169 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 132 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 137 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 120 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 112 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 86 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 101 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 83 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 77 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 70 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 78 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 58 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 53 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 57 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 48 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 53 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 46 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 24 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 35 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 27 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 32 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 31 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 22 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 16 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 24 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 18 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 11 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 19 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 10 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 16 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 10 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 12 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 8 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 5 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 12 scientists 144+ D-Index: 98 scientists
30–31 D-Index 144+

This scientist: 38 D-Index — 24th percentile

24% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 144 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Psychology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 11,416 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
30–31 398
32–33 702
34–35 671
36–37 659
38–39 641 38
40–41 671
42–43 617
44–45 558
46–47 495
48–49 487
50–51 445
52–53 390
54–55 408
56–57 345
58–59 325
60–61 321
62–63 248
64–65 290
66–67 218
68–69 219
70–71 215
72–73 183
74–75 169
76–77 132
78–79 137
80–81 120
82–83 112
84–85 86
86–87 101
88–89 83
90–91 77
92–93 70
94–95 78
96–97 58
98–99 53
100–101 57
102–103 48
104–105 53
106–107 46
108–109 24
110–111 35
112–113 27
114–115 32
116–117 31
118–119 22
120–121 16
122–123 24
124–125 18
126–127 11
128–129 19
130–131 10
132–133 16
134–135 10
136–137 12
138–139 8
140–141 5
142–143 12
144+ 98
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Overview

Carol Scheffner Hammer is affiliated with Columbia University in the United States. Their research primarily focuses on psychology and social sciences, with a strong emphasis on developmental and educational psychology. They have contributed extensively to the study of language development and disorders, as well as reading and literacy development, multilingual education and policy, and early childhood education and development.

The scientist has published across several main and subfields, including:

  • Developmental and Educational Psychology
  • Linguistics and Language
  • Education
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

Carol Scheffner Hammer's work covers a range of topics, highlighting their engagement with:

  • Language Development and Disorders
  • Reading and Literacy Development
  • Multilingual Education and Policy
  • Early Childhood Education and Development
  • Family and Disability Support Research
  • Infant Development and Preterm Care
  • Parental Involvement in Education

The scientist has contributed to research published in notable venues such as:

  • Early Education and Development
  • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
  • HS Dialog The Research to Practice Journal for the Early Childhood Field
  • Topics in Early Childhood Special Education
  • Early Childhood Research Quarterly

Among their recent papers are:

  • Development of the CECER-DLL child and family questionnaire: a new tool for documenting the language and literacy experiences of Latino/a dual language learners, 2020, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism
  • Social Validity in Early Language Interventions for Dual Language Learners: A Systematic Review of the Literature, 2020, Topics in Early Childhood Special Education
  • Teacher language quality in preschool classrooms: Examining associations with DLLs' oral language skills, 2023, Early Childhood Research Quarterly
  • English Narrative Macrostructure Development of Spanish-English Bilingual Children From Preschool to First Grade, 2021, American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
  • Vocabulary and Phonological Abilities Affect Dual Language Learners' Consonant Production Accuracy Within and Across Languages: A Large-Scale Study of 3- to 6-Year-Old Spanish-English Dual Language Learners, 2020, American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology

Frequent co-authors collaborating with Carol Scheffner Hammer include:

  • Lisa M. López
  • Shelley E. Scarpino
  • Lauren M. Cycyk
  • Dana Bitetti
  • Brook E. Sawyer

Best Publications

  • The language and literacy development of young dual language learners: A critical review

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;Erika Hoff;Yuuko Uchikoshi;Cristina Gillanders

  • 24‐Month‐Old Children With Larger Oral Vocabularies Display Greater Academic and Behavioral Functioning at Kindergarten Entry

    Paul L. Morgan;George Farkas;Marianne M. Hillemeier;Carol Scheffner Hammer

  • Predicting Spanish–English Bilingual Children’s Language Abilities

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;Eugene Komaroff;Barbara L. Rodriguez;Lisa M. Lopez

  • The Effect of Maternal Language on Bilingual Children's Vocabulary and Emergent Literacy Development During Head Start and Kindergarten

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;Megan Dunn Davison;Frank R. Lawrence;Adele W. Miccio

  • Exposure to English before and after Entry into Head Start: Bilingual Children's Receptive Language Growth in Spanish and English.

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;Frank R. Lawrence;Adele W. Miccio

  • The Language and Literacy Development of Head Start Children: A Study Using the Family and Child Experiences Survey Database

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;George Farkas;Steve Maczuga

  • Co-occurring disorders in children who stutter

    Gordon W Blood;Victor J Ridenour;Constance Dean Qualls;Carol Scheffner Hammer

  • Home Literacy Experiences and Their Relationship to Bilingual Preschoolers' Developing English Literacy Abilities: An Initial Investigation

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;Adele W. Miccio;David A. Wagstaff

  • Bilingual Children’s Language Abilities and Early Reading Outcomes in Head Start and Kindergarten

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;Frank R. Lawrence;Adele W. Miccio

  • Language sampling for kindergarten children with and without SLI: mean length of utterance, IPSYN, and NDW.

    Lynne E. Hewitt;Carol Scheffner Hammer;Kristine M. Yont;J. Bruce Tomblin

  • Kindergarten oral language skill: A key variable in the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic status

    Rachel E. Durham;George Farkas;Carol Scheffner Hammer;J. Bruce Tomblin

  • Speech-language pathologists' training and confidence in serving Spanish-English bilingual children.

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;Jill S Detwiler;James Detwiler;Gordon W Blood

  • Predicting Job Satisfaction Among Speech-Language Pathologists Working in Public Schools.

    Gordon W. Blood;Jenna Swavely Ridenour;Emily A. Thomas;Constance Dean Qualls

  • Effects of early education programs and practices on the development and learning of dual language learners: A review of the literature

    Virginia Buysse;Ellen Peisner-Feinberg;Mariela Páez;Carol Scheffner Hammer

  • Language and Literacy Development of Dual Language Learners Growing Up in the United States: A Call for Research.

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;Gisela Jia;Yuuko Uchikoshi

  • Book reading interactions between African American and Puerto Rican Head Start children and their mothers

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;Diana Nimmo;Risa Cohen;Heather Clemons Draheim

  • Puerto Rican mothers' beliefs and home literacy practices.

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;Barbara L. Rodriguez;Frank R. Lawrence;Adele W. Miccio

  • The Effects of Direct Instruction on the Single-Word Reading Skills of Children Who Require Augmentative and Alternative Communication

    Karen A. Fallon;Janice Light;David McNaughton;Kathryn Drager

  • Guiding language development: how African American mothers and their infants structure play interactions.

    Carol Scheffner Hammer;Amy L. Weiss

  • Associations between Preschool Language and First Grade Reading Outcomes in Bilingual Children.

    Megan Dunn Davison;Carol Hammer;Frank R. Lawrence

Frequent Co-Authors

Clancy Blair
Clancy Blair New York University
George Farkas
George Farkas University of California, Irvine
Gordon W. Blood
Gordon W. Blood Pennsylvania State University
Marianne M. Hillemeier
Marianne M. Hillemeier Pennsylvania State University
J. Bruce Tomblin
J. Bruce Tomblin University of Iowa
Paul L. Morgan
Paul L. Morgan University at Albany, State University of New York
Virginia Buysse
Virginia Buysse University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Margaret Burchinal
Margaret Burchinal University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Judith J. Carta
Judith J. Carta University of Kansas
Erika Hoff
Erika Hoff Florida Atlantic University

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