World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!
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Best Female Scientists
2025

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Best Female Scientists 136 272 258 170 161 1703 72800
Medicine 140 1686 1562 973 890 1684 78600

Carol L. Shields publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Carol L. Shields between 1969 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Carol L. Shields published across 57 years, from 1969 to 2025, averaging 33.6 papers a year. Output peaked at 103 publications in 2019. 94 of the 1,918 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
25 50 75 100
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1969 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 103. Peak 103 publications in 2019. 1969: 1 publication 1970: 0 publications 1971: 0 publications 1972: 0 publications 1973: 0 publications 1974: 0 publications 1975: 0 publications 1976: 0 publications 1977: 1 publication 1978: 1 publication 1979: 0 publications 1980: 0 publications 1981: 0 publications 1982: 1 publication 1983: 0 publications 1984: 0 publications 1985: 1 publication 1986: 4 publications 1987: 9 publications 1988: 10 publications 1989: 10 publications 1990: 18 publications 1991: 20 publications 1992: 21 publications 1993: 50 publications 1994: 26 publications 1995: 19 publications 1996: 40 publications 1997: 28 publications 1998: 38 publications 1999: 32 publications 2000: 39 publications 2001: 50 publications 2002: 50 publications 2003: 49 publications 2004: 41 publications 2005: 36 publications 2006: 40 publications 2007: 43 publications 2008: 57 publications 2009: 55 publications 2010: 59 publications 2011: 74 publications 2012: 79 publications 2013: 84 publications 2014: 54 publications 2015: 72 publications 2016: 54 publications 2017: 95 publications 2018: 64 publications 2019: 103 publications 2020: 89 publications 2021: 75 publications 2022: 54 publications 2023: 78 publications 2024: 70 publications 2025: 24 publications
1969 2025

1,918 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Carol L. Shields: publications per year, 1969 to 2025
Year Publications
1969 1
1970 0
1971 0
1972 0
1973 0
1974 0
1975 0
1976 0
1977 1
1978 1
1979 0
1980 0
1981 0
1982 1
1983 0
1984 0
1985 1
1986 4
1987 9
1988 10
1989 10
1990 18
1991 20
1992 21
1993 50
1994 26
1995 19
1996 40
1997 28
1998 38
1999 32
2000 39
2001 50
2002 50
2003 49
2004 41
2005 36
2006 40
2007 43
2008 57
2009 55
2010 59
2011 74
2012 79
2013 84
2014 54
2015 72
2016 54
2017 95
2018 64
2019 103
2020 89
2021 75
2022 54
2023 78
2024 70
2025 24
Total 1,918
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Carol L. Shields publication distribution in Medicine in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Medicine in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Carol L. Shields sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600 800
Bar chart with 86 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 101–120 to 1,796+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 922. Most scientists, 922, have 341–360 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 1,796 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 1,681–1,700 publications, is where this scientist sits. 101–120 publications: 5 scientists 121–140 publications: 26 scientists 141–160 publications: 73 scientists 161–180 publications: 155 scientists 181–200 publications: 230 scientists 201–220 publications: 363 scientists 221–240 publications: 487 scientists 241–260 publications: 545 scientists 261–280 publications: 722 scientists 281–300 publications: 768 scientists 301–320 publications: 834 scientists 321–340 publications: 895 scientists 341–360 publications: 922 scientists 361–380 publications: 838 scientists 381–400 publications: 861 scientists 401–420 publications: 918 scientists 421–440 publications: 806 scientists 441–460 publications: 771 scientists 461–480 publications: 751 scientists 481–500 publications: 713 scientists 501–520 publications: 617 scientists 521–540 publications: 610 scientists 541–560 publications: 537 scientists 561–580 publications: 504 scientists 581–600 publications: 509 scientists 601–620 publications: 396 scientists 621–640 publications: 386 scientists 641–660 publications: 371 scientists 661–680 publications: 340 scientists 681–700 publications: 336 scientists 701–720 publications: 307 scientists 721–740 publications: 259 scientists 741–760 publications: 230 scientists 761–780 publications: 228 scientists 781–800 publications: 217 scientists 801–820 publications: 204 scientists 821–840 publications: 186 scientists 841–860 publications: 177 scientists 861–880 publications: 155 scientists 881–900 publications: 139 scientists 901–920 publications: 145 scientists 921–940 publications: 116 scientists 941–960 publications: 133 scientists 961–980 publications: 91 scientists 981–1,000 publications: 96 scientists 1,001–1,020 publications: 77 scientists 1,021–1,040 publications: 70 scientists 1,041–1,060 publications: 63 scientists 1,061–1,080 publications: 77 scientists 1,081–1,100 publications: 49 scientists 1,101–1,120 publications: 54 scientists 1,121–1,140 publications: 49 scientists 1,141–1,160 publications: 51 scientists 1,161–1,180 publications: 35 scientists 1,181–1,200 publications: 39 scientists 1,201–1,220 publications: 26 scientists 1,221–1,240 publications: 37 scientists 1,241–1,260 publications: 36 scientists 1,261–1,280 publications: 27 scientists 1,281–1,300 publications: 32 scientists 1,301–1,320 publications: 28 scientists 1,321–1,340 publications: 17 scientists 1,341–1,360 publications: 30 scientists 1,361–1,380 publications: 28 scientists 1,381–1,400 publications: 17 scientists 1,401–1,420 publications: 21 scientists 1,421–1,440 publications: 15 scientists 1,441–1,460 publications: 12 scientists 1,461–1,480 publications: 12 scientists 1,481–1,500 publications: 18 scientists 1,501–1,520 publications: 14 scientists 1,521–1,540 publications: 17 scientists 1,541–1,560 publications: 15 scientists 1,561–1,580 publications: 6 scientists 1,581–1,600 publications: 2 scientists 1,601–1,620 publications: 12 scientists 1,621–1,640 publications: 11 scientists 1,641–1,660 publications: 8 scientists 1,661–1,680 publications: 5 scientists 1,681–1,700 publications: 5 scientists 1,701–1,720 publications: 10 scientists 1,721–1,740 publications: 12 scientists 1,741–1,760 publications: 14 scientists 1,761–1,780 publications: 6 scientists 1,781–1,795 publications: 5 scientists 1,796+ publications: 100 scientists
101–120 publications 1,796+

This scientist: 1,684 publications — 99th percentile

99% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 1,796 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Medicine scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 20,134 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
101–120 5
121–140 26
141–160 73
161–180 155
181–200 230
201–220 363
221–240 487
241–260 545
261–280 722
281–300 768
301–320 834
321–340 895
341–360 922
361–380 838
381–400 861
401–420 918
421–440 806
441–460 771
461–480 751
481–500 713
501–520 617
521–540 610
541–560 537
561–580 504
581–600 509
601–620 396
621–640 386
641–660 371
661–680 340
681–700 336
701–720 307
721–740 259
741–760 230
761–780 228
781–800 217
801–820 204
821–840 186
841–860 177
861–880 155
881–900 139
901–920 145
921–940 116
941–960 133
961–980 91
981–1,000 96
1,001–1,020 77
1,021–1,040 70
1,041–1,060 63
1,061–1,080 77
1,081–1,100 49
1,101–1,120 54
1,121–1,140 49
1,141–1,160 51
1,161–1,180 35
1,181–1,200 39
1,201–1,220 26
1,221–1,240 37
1,241–1,260 36
1,261–1,280 27
1,281–1,300 32
1,301–1,320 28
1,321–1,340 17
1,341–1,360 30
1,361–1,380 28
1,381–1,400 17
1,401–1,420 21
1,421–1,440 15
1,441–1,460 12
1,461–1,480 12
1,481–1,500 18
1,501–1,520 14
1,521–1,540 17
1,541–1,560 15
1,561–1,580 6
1,581–1,600 2
1,601–1,620 12
1,621–1,640 11
1,641–1,660 8
1,661–1,680 5
1,681–1,700 5 1,684
1,701–1,720 10
1,721–1,740 12
1,741–1,760 14
1,761–1,780 6
1,781–1,795 5
1,796+ 100
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Carol L. Shields D-index placement in Medicine in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Medicine scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Carol L. Shields sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
250 500 750 1,000
Bar chart with 75 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 70–71 to 217+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 1,027. Most scientists, 1,027, have 82–83 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 217 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 140–141 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 70–71 D-Index: 226 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 391 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 574 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 730 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 891 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 972 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 1,027 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 1,003 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 960 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 970 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 922 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 839 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 808 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 779 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 668 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 611 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 630 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 513 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 541 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 445 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 429 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 399 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 393 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 318 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 302 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 287 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 255 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 256 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 252 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 230 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 179 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 168 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 163 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 159 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 134 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 134 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 118 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 109 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 106 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 74 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 79 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 80 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 87 scientists 156–157 D-Index: 57 scientists 158–159 D-Index: 74 scientists 160–161 D-Index: 69 scientists 162–163 D-Index: 60 scientists 164–165 D-Index: 53 scientists 166–167 D-Index: 39 scientists 168–169 D-Index: 42 scientists 170–171 D-Index: 32 scientists 172–173 D-Index: 39 scientists 174–175 D-Index: 40 scientists 176–177 D-Index: 28 scientists 178–179 D-Index: 19 scientists 180–181 D-Index: 23 scientists 182–183 D-Index: 31 scientists 184–185 D-Index: 18 scientists 186–187 D-Index: 20 scientists 188–189 D-Index: 22 scientists 190–191 D-Index: 13 scientists 192–193 D-Index: 21 scientists 194–195 D-Index: 12 scientists 196–197 D-Index: 12 scientists 198–199 D-Index: 14 scientists 200–201 D-Index: 15 scientists 202–203 D-Index: 13 scientists 204–205 D-Index: 10 scientists 206–207 D-Index: 8 scientists 208–209 D-Index: 4 scientists 210–211 D-Index: 12 scientists 212–213 D-Index: 11 scientists 214–215 D-Index: 10 scientists 216 D-Index: 4 scientists 217+ D-Index: 98 scientists
70–71 D-Index 217+

This scientist: 140 D-Index — 92nd percentile

92% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 217 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Medicine scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 20,134 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
70–71 226
72–73 391
74–75 574
76–77 730
78–79 891
80–81 972
82–83 1,027
84–85 1,003
86–87 960
88–89 970
90–91 922
92–93 839
94–95 808
96–97 779
98–99 668
100–101 611
102–103 630
104–105 513
106–107 541
108–109 445
110–111 429
112–113 399
114–115 393
116–117 318
118–119 302
120–121 287
122–123 255
124–125 256
126–127 252
128–129 230
130–131 179
132–133 168
134–135 163
136–137 159
138–139 134
140–141 134 140
142–143 118
144–145 109
146–147 106
148–149 74
150–151 79
152–153 80
154–155 87
156–157 57
158–159 74
160–161 69
162–163 60
164–165 53
166–167 39
168–169 42
170–171 32
172–173 39
174–175 40
176–177 28
178–179 19
180–181 23
182–183 31
184–185 18
186–187 20
188–189 22
190–191 13
192–193 21
194–195 12
196–197 12
198–199 14
200–201 15
202–203 13
204–205 10
206–207 8
208–209 4
210–211 12
212–213 11
214–215 10
216 4
217+ 98
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Research.com Recognitions

  • 2025 - Research.com Best Female Scientists Award

Overview

Carol L. Shields is affiliated with Thomas Jefferson University in the United States. Their research spans primarily across the field of Medicine, with a specific focus on Ophthalmology, Oncology, Molecular Biology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, and Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine.

The main research topics covered by Carol L. Shields include:

  • Ocular Oncology and Treatments
  • Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
  • Glaucoma and Retinal Disorders
  • Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Brain Metastases and Treatment
  • Ocular Diseases and Behçet's Syndrome

The scientist has published extensively in ophthalmology and related fields, with frequent publications appearing in the following venues:

  • Ophthalmology
  • JAMA Ophthalmology
  • Ophthalmology Retina
  • Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus
  • Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology

Recent papers authored or co-authored by Carol L. Shields include:

  • "Uveal melanoma," 2020, Nature Reviews Disease Primers
  • "Invasive Treatment Strategy for Older Patients with Myocardial Infarction," 2024, New England Journal of Medicine
  • "Foundational Considerations for Artificial Intelligence Using Ophthalmic Images," 2021, Ophthalmology
  • "Reliability and accuracy of artificial intelligence ChatGPT in providing information on ophthalmic diseases and management to patients," 2024, Eye
  • "Artificial Intelligence for Retinopathy of Prematurity," 2022, Ophthalmology

The scientist has collaborated frequently with a core group of co-authors, including:

  • Jerry A. Shields
  • Sara E. Lally
  • Tatyana Milman
  • Antonio Yaghy
  • Lauren A. Dalvin

Carol L. Shields has contributed to book publications as well, including the title The Canadian Shields published by University of Manitoba Press in 2024.

Best Publications

  • Survey of 1264 patients with orbital tumors and simulating lesions: The 2002 Montgomery Lecture, part 1.

    Jerry A Shields;Carol L Shields;Richard Scartozzi

  • Survey of 520 eyes with uveal metastases.

    Carol L. Shields;Jerry A. Shields;Nicole E. Gross;Geoffrey P. Schwartz

  • Integrative Analysis Identifies Four Molecular and Clinical Subsets in Uveal Melanoma

    A. Gordon Robertson;Juliann Shih;Juliann Shih;Christina Yau;Ewan A. Gibb

  • The International Classification of Retinoblastoma predicts chemoreduction success.

    Carol L. Shields;Arman Mashayekhi;Angela K. Au;Craig Czyz

  • Tumors of the conjunctiva and cornea

    Carol L Shields;Jerry A Shields

  • Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma Millimeter-by-Millimeter in 8033 Consecutive Eyes

    Carol L. Shields;Minoru Furuta;Archana Thangappan;Saya Nagori

  • Intraocular Tumors: A Text and Atlas

    Jerry A. Shields;Carol L. Shields

  • Uveal melanoma: relatively rare but deadly cancer.

    S Kaliki;C L Shields

  • Conjunctival melanoma: risk factors for recurrence, exenteration, metastasis, and death in 150 consecutive patients.

    Carol L. Shields;Jerry A. Shields;Kaan Gündüz;Jacqueline Cater

  • Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelids: Personal experience with 60 cases

    Jerry A. Shields;Hakan Demirci;Brian P. Marr;Ralph C. Eagle

  • Classification and management of Coats disease: the 2000 Proctor Lecture.

    Jerry A Shields;Carol L Shields;Santosh G Honavar;Hakan Demirci

  • Chemoreduction in the Initial Management of Intraocular Retinoblastoma

    C L Shields;P De Potter;B P Himelstein;J A Shields

  • SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS. THE 1994 LYNN B. MCMAHAN LECTURE

    J A Shields;C L Shields;P De Potter

  • Clinical variations and complications of Coats disease in 150 cases: the 2000 Sanford Gifford Memorial Lecture

    Jerry A Shields;Carol L Shields;Sontash G Honavar;Hakan Demirci

  • Clinical survey of 1643 melanocytic and nonmelanocytic conjunctival tumors.

    Carol L. Shields;Hakan Demirci;Ekaterina Karatza;Jerry A. Shields

  • Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Ocular Region: A Review

    Jerry A. Shields;Hakan Demirci;Brian P. Marr;Ralph C. Eagle

  • Cancer metastatic to the orbit: the 2000 Robert M. Curts Lecture.

    Jerry A. Shields;Carol L. Shields;Heather K. Brotman;Cynthia Carvalho

  • Risk Factors for Growth and Metastasis of Small Choroidal Melanocytic Lesions

    Carol L. Shields;Jerry A. Shields;Hayyam Kiratli;Patrick De Potter

  • CORRELATION OF FOVEAL AVASCULAR ZONE SIZE WITH FOVEAL MORPHOLOGY IN NORMAL EYES USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.

    Wasim A. Samara;Emil A. T. Say;Chloe T. L. Khoo;Timothy P. Higgins

  • Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy of Suspected Intraocular Tumors: The 1992 Urwick Lecture

    Jerry A. Shields;Carol L. Shields;Hormoz Ehya;Ralph C. Eagle

Frequent Co-Authors

Jerry A. Shields
Jerry A. Shields Wills Eye Hospital
Anna T. Meadows
Anna T. Meadows Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Robert H. Rosenwasser
Robert H. Rosenwasser Thomas Jefferson University
David H. Abramson
David H. Abramson Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Larry A. Donoso
Larry A. Donoso Wills Eye Hospital
Hans E. Grossniklaus
Hans E. Grossniklaus Emory University
K. Bailey Freund
K. Bailey Freund New York University
Gary C. Brown
Gary C. Brown SUNY Upstate Medical University
Lawrence A. Yannuzzi
Lawrence A. Yannuzzi Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital
Brenda L. Gallie
Brenda L. Gallie University of Toronto

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