World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!
Award Badge
Microbiology
USA
2026

D-Index & Metrics

Microbiology

D-Index
151
Citations
124228
World Ranking
32
National Ranking
17

Research.com Recognitions

  • 2026 - Research.com Microbiology in United States Leader Award
  • 2025 - Research.com Microbiology in United States Leader Award
  • 2016 - Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
  • 2011 - Member of the National Academy of Sciences
  • 2009 - Robert Koch Prize
  • 1998 - Member of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM)
  • Member of the Association of American Physicians
  • Member of the Association of American Physicians
  • Member of the Association of American Physicians
  • Member of the Association of American Physicians

Overview

Carl Nathan is affiliated with Cornell University in the United States. Their research primarily focuses on medicine, with key contributions also in biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. Within these fields, their work is heavily concentrated on infectious diseases, molecular biology, immunology, epidemiology, and public health.

The main topics covered by Carl Nathan include tuberculosis research and epidemiology, Mycobacterium research and diagnosis, HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment, biochemical and molecular research, malaria research and control, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and interferon and immune responses.

Their recent notable papers are:

  • Biology of antimicrobial resistance and approaches to combat it, 2020, Science Translational Medicine
  • Resisting antimicrobial resistance, 2020, Nature Reviews Microbiology
  • Type I interferon signaling mediates Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced macrophage death, 2020, The Journal of Experimental Medicine
  • Interferon- γ and infectious diseases: Lessons and prospects, 2024, Science
  • Nonresolving inflammation redux, 2022, Immunity

Carl Nathan has frequently published in the following venues:

  • The Journal of Experimental Medicine (6 publications)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (6 publications)
  • Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (5 publications)
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (3 publications)
  • Science Translational Medicine (2 publications)

The scientist has collaborated extensively with several frequent co-authors, including:

  • Xiuju Jiang (11 joint publications)
  • Gang Lin (10 joint publications)
  • Kyu Y. Rhee (8 joint publications)
  • Véronique Dartois (8 joint publications)
  • Wenhu Zhan (8 joint publications)

Awards and recognitions received by Carl Nathan include:

  • Member of the National Academy of Medicine (1998)
  • Member of the National Academy of Sciences (2011)
  • Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2016)
  • Robert Koch Prize (2009)
  • Member of the Association of American Physicians

Best Publications

  • Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells.

    Carl Nathan

  • NITRIC OXIDE AND MACROPHAGE FUNCTION

    John D. MacMicking;Qiao-wen Xie;Carl Nathan

  • Release of reactive nitrogen intermediates and reactive oxygen intermediates from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Comparison of activating cytokines and evidence for independent production.

    A. H. Ding;C. F. Nathan;Dennis J Stuehr

  • Nitric oxide synthases: Roles, tolls, and controls

    Carl Nathan;Qiao-wen Xie

  • Neutrophils and immunity: challenges and opportunities.

    Carl Nathan

  • Points of control in inflammation

    Carl Nathan

  • Secretory products of macrophages.

    C F Nathan

  • Production of Large Amounts of Hydrogen Peroxide by Human Tumor Cells

    Ted P. Szatrowski;Carl F. Nathan

  • Role of transcription factor NF-kappa B/Rel in induction of nitric oxide synthase.

    Qiao-Wen Xie;Y. Kashiwabara;C. Nathan

  • Identification of interferon-gamma as the lymphokine that activates human macrophage oxidative metabolism and antimicrobial activity.

    C F Nathan;H W Murray;M E Wiebe;B Y Rubin

  • Cloning and characterization of inducible nitric oxide synthase from mouse macrophages.

    Qiao-wen Xie;Hearn J. Cho;Jimmy Calaycay;Richard A. Mumford

  • Regulation of biosynthesis of nitric oxide.

    C. Nathan;Qiao-Wen Xie

  • Nitric oxide. A macrophage product responsible for cytostasis and respiratory inhibition in tumor target cells

    D J Stuehr;C F Nathan

  • Nonresolving Inflammation

    Unknown

  • Role of nitric oxide synthesis in macrophage antimicrobial activity.

    Carl F. Nathan;John B. Hibbs;John B. Hibbs

  • Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in the relationship between mammalian hosts and microbial pathogens

    Carl Nathan;Michael U. Shiloh

  • Altered responses to bacterial infection and endotoxic shock in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase

    John D. MacMicking;Carl Nathan;Gary Hom;Nicole Chartrain

  • Transcriptional Adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within Macrophages Insights into the Phagosomal Environment

    Dirk Schnappinger;Sabine Ehrt;Martin I. Voskuil;Yang Liu

  • Beyond oxidative stress: an immunologist’s guide to reactive oxygen species

    Carl Nathan;Amy Cunningham-Bussel

  • Identification of nitric oxide synthase as a protective locus against tuberculosis

    John D. MacMicking;Robert J. North;Ron LaCourse;John S. Mudgett

  • Promoter of the mouse gene encoding calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase confers inducibility by interferon gamma and bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

    Qiao-wen Xie;Richard Whisnant;Carl Nathan

Frequent Co-Authors

Zanvil A. Cohn
Zanvil A. Cohn Rockefeller University
Sabine Ehrt
Sabine Ehrt Cornell University
Dennis J. Stuehr
Dennis J. Stuehr Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
Henry W. Murray
Henry W. Murray Cornell University
Huilin Li
Huilin Li Van Andel Institute
Kyu Y. Rhee
Kyu Y. Rhee Cornell University
Pradeep K. Singh
Pradeep K. Singh University of Washington
Yoram Vodovotz
Yoram Vodovotz University of Pittsburgh
Dirk Schnappinger
Dirk Schnappinger Cornell University
Christopher D. Lima
Christopher D. Lima Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

If you think any of the details on this page are incorrect, let us know.

Report an issue

We appreciate your kind effort to assist us to improve this page, it would be helpful providing us with as much detail as possible in the text box below:

Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

Exploring online degrees connected to microbiology can open doors to diverse career opportunities in healthcare and research. Many students seeking flexible education options benefit from programs listed among online healthcare degrees that pay well, which often include fields closely related to microbiology such as medical laboratory science and public health.

For those interested in advancing public health knowledge without intense admissions hurdles, several easy mph online programs provide an accessible route to specialize in epidemiology or environmental health, complementing a microbiology background.

Career pathways connected to microbiology also extend to specialized roles in healthcare. For example, becoming a child life specialist can be a rewarding option, with competitive salaries detailed in resources such as child specialist salary guides, where understanding disease and patient care is invaluable.

Additionally, individuals with criminal records should know there are inclusive education opportunities that support career growth. Programs highlighted under best associate degrees for felons include healthcare-related fields that can lead back to microbiology-adjacent roles, promoting second chances in meaningful professions.

Best Scientists Citing Carl Nathan

Trending Scientists