World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Immunology

D-Index
46
Citations
18596
World Ranking
4564
National Ranking
394

Overview

William A. Paxton is affiliated with the University of Liverpool in the United Kingdom. Their primary research focus lies within the field of Medicine, with significant contributions across several subfields including Infectious Diseases, Neurology, Virology, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, and Epidemiology.

Their work extensively covers topics related to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research, COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies, Long-Term Effects of COVID-19, HIV Research and Treatment, COVID-19 and healthcare impacts, SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing, and HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions.

William A. Paxton has published multiple recent papers, including the following:

  • Co-infections, secondary infections, and antimicrobial use in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave from the ISARIC WHO CCP-UK study: a multicentre, prospective cohort study (2021) in The Lancet Microbe
  • Inflammatory profiles across the spectrum of disease reveal a distinct role for GM-CSF in severe COVID-19 (2021) in Science Immunology
  • Outcome of Hospitalization for COVID-19 in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. An International Multicenter Study (2020) in American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
  • Development and validation of the ISARIC 4C Deterioration model for adults hospitalised with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study (2021) in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
  • Risk of adverse outcomes in patients with underlying respiratory conditions admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a national, multicentre prospective cohort study using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK (2021) in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

Frequent co-authors collaborating with Paxton include Malcolm G. Semple, Peter Openshaw, J. Kenneth Baillie, Georgios Pollakis, and Annemarie B Docherty.

Their research has been published predominantly in certain venues, with multiple papers appearing in:

  • The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
  • Scientific Reports
  • Frontiers in Immunology
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • Genome Biology

Best Publications

  • HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5.

    Tatjana Dragic;Virginia Litwin;Graham P. Allaway;Scott R. Martin

  • Homozygous Defect in HIV-1 Coreceptor Accounts for Resistance of Some Multiply-Exposed Individuals to HIV-1 Infection

    Rong Liu;William A Paxton;Sunny Choe;Daniel Ceradini

  • The role of a mutant CCR5 allele in HIV–1 transmission and disease progression

    Yaoxing Huang;William A. Paxton;Steven M. Wolinsky;Avidan U. Neumann

  • Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in Covid-19.

    E. Pairo-Castineira;E. Pairo-Castineira;S. Clohisey;L. Klaric;A. D. Bretherick

  • CCR5 Levels and Expression Pattern Correlate with Infectability by Macrophage-tropic HIV-1, In Vitro

    Lijun Wu;William A. Paxton;Nasim Kassam;Nancy Ruffing

  • Relative resistance to HIV-1 infection of CD4 lymphocytes from persons who remain uninfected despite multiple high-risk sexual exposure.

    William A. Paxton;Scott R. Martin;Doris Tse;Thomas R. O'Brien

  • Incorporation of Vpr into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions: requirement for the p6 region of gag and mutational analysis.

    W Paxton;R I Connor;N R Landau

  • Immature Dendritic Cells Selectively Replicate Macrophagetropic (M-Tropic) Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, while Mature Cells Efficiently Transmit both M- and T-Tropic Virus to T Cells

    Angela Granelli-Piperno;Elena Delgado;Victoria Finkel;William Paxton

  • N-Linked Glycosylation of the HIV Type-1 gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein as a Major Determinant of CCR5 and CXCR4 Coreceptor Utilization

    Georgios Pollakis;Stanley Kang;Aletta Kliphuis;Moustapha I.M. Chalaby

  • Efficient Interaction of HIV-1 with Purified Dendritic Cells via Multiple Chemokine Coreceptors

    Angela Granelli-Piperno;Bernhard Moser;Melissa Pope;Dongling Chen

  • Co-infections, secondary infections, and antimicrobial use in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave from the ISARIC WHO CCP-UK study: a multicentre, prospective cohort study.

    Clark D Russell;Cameron J Fairfield;Thomas M Drake;Lance Turtle

  • Preferential infection and depletion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–specific CD4 T cells after HIV-1 infection

    Christof Geldmacher;Njabulo Ngwenyama;Alexandra Schuetz;Constantinos Petrovas

  • Inflammatory profiles across the spectrum of disease reveal a distinct role for GM-CSF in severe COVID-19.

    Ryan S Thwaites;Ashley Sanchez Sevilla Uruchurtu;Matthew K Siggins;Felicity Liew

  • Reduced HIV-1 Infectability of CD4+Lymphocytes from Exposed-Uninfected Individuals: Association with Low Expression of CCR5 and High Production of β-Chemokines

    William A. Paxton;Rong Liu;Stanley Kang;Lijun Wu

  • Lewis X component in human milk binds DC-SIGN and inhibits HIV-1 transfer to CD4(+) T lymphocytes

    Marloes A. Naarding;Irene S. Ludwig;Fedde Groot;Ben Berkhout

  • Risk of adverse outcomes in patients with underlying respiratory conditions admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a national, multicentre prospective cohort study using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK.

    Chloe I Bloom;Thomas M Drake;Annemarie B Docherty;Brian J Lipworth

  • Genetic Subtype-Independent Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by CC and CXC Chemokines

    Alexandra Trkola;William A. Paxton;Simon P. Monard;James A. Hoxie

  • Intrapatient Alterations in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 V1V2 and V3 Regions Differentially Modulate Coreceptor Usage, Virus Inhibition by CC/CXC Chemokines, Soluble CD4, and the b12 and 2G12 Monoclonal Antibodies

    Alexey A. Nabatov;Georgios Pollakis;Thomas Linnemann;Aletta Kliphius

  • T Cell Responsiveness Correlates Differentially with Antibody Isotype Levels in Clinical and Asymptomatic Filariasis

    Maria Yazdanbakhsh;William A. Paxton;Yvonne C. M. Kruize;Erliyani Sartono

  • Macrophages and CD4+ T lymphocytes from two multiply exposed, uninfected individuals resist infection with primary non-syncytium-inducing isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

    R I Connor;W A Paxton;K E Sheridan;R A Koup

  • SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination

    Unknown

  • Identification of Sequential Viral Escape Mutants Associated with Altered T-Cell Responses in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Individual

    Mark J. Geels;Marion Cornelissen;Hanneke Schuitemaker;Kiersten Anderson

Frequent Co-Authors

Georgios Pollakis
Georgios Pollakis University of Liverpool
Ben Berkhout
Ben Berkhout University of Amsterdam
Richard A. Koup
Richard A. Koup National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Rogier W. Sanders
Rogier W. Sanders University of Amsterdam
Samreen Ijaz
Samreen Ijaz Public Health England
Julian A. Hiscox
Julian A. Hiscox University of Liverpool
Jaap Goudsmit
Jaap Goudsmit Harvard University
Debby Bogaert
Debby Bogaert University of Edinburgh
Peter J. M. Openshaw
Peter J. M. Openshaw Imperial College London
Richard S. Tedder
Richard S. Tedder King's College London

If you think any of the details on this page are incorrect, let us know.

Report an issue

We appreciate your kind effort to assist us to improve this page, it would be helpful providing us with as much detail as possible in the text box below:

Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

Studying Immunology in the USA opens doors to diverse healthcare and research careers. Many students exploring this field also consider nursing pathways that complement their scientific background. For those without prior nursing experience, discovering the best online rn programs for non nurses can be an ideal starting point. These programs offer flexible, accredited options catered to career changers and first-time nurses alike.

If you already hold a degree in another field and want to pursue nursing quickly, exploring the easiest absn program to get into can simplify the transition. Accelerated programs focus on fast-tracking students through core nursing skills, combining intensive coursework with practical clinical experiences.

For those interested in practical nursing, programs listed under which lpn programs are easiest to get into provide accessible entry points into nursing. Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) certifications allow for hands-on patient care in various clinical settings, serving as a stepping stone to advanced roles.

Further advancement in patient care can be pursued through nurse practitioner programs with easy admission. These graduate-level programs equip students with the skills to provide primary care and specialized services, blending clinical expertise with leadership roles in healthcare.

Best Scientists Citing William A. Paxton

Trending Scientists