World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Immunology

D-Index
81
Citations
22619
World Ranking
1577
National Ranking
17

Medicine

D-Index
81
Citations
22793
World Ranking
16711
National Ranking
90

Enrico Girardi publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Enrico Girardi sits on this spectrum.

62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 68 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientists 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62 publications 807+

This scientist: 502 publications — 89th percentile

89% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

Enrico Girardi D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Enrico Girardi sits on this spectrum.

40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 162 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 81 D-Index — 69th percentile

69% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

Overview

Enrico Girardi is affiliated with the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Austria and has a research focus predominantly in the field of Medicine, with a significant emphasis on Infectious Diseases. Their body of work includes 409 publications in Medicine, covering subfields such as Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Virology, Molecular Biology, and Neurology.

Their research explores critical topics including SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research, COVID-19 clinical research studies, poxvirus research and outbreaks, herpesvirus infections and treatments, Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research, HIV/AIDS research and interventions, as well as long-term effects of COVID-19.

Prominent recent papers authored or coauthored by Girardi include the following:

  • "Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy, May 2022" (2022, Eurosurveillance)
  • "Monkeypox virus isolation from a semen sample collected in the early phase of infection in a patient with prolonged seminal viral shedding" (2022, The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
  • "A whole blood test to measure SARS-CoV-2-specific response in COVID-19 patients" (2020, Clinical Microbiology and Infection)
  • "Humoral and Cellular Immune Response Elicited by mRNA Vaccination Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy Based on Current CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count" (2022, Clinical Infectious Diseases)
  • "COVID-19: viral-host interactome analyzed by network based-approach model to study pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection" (2020, Journal of Translational Medicine)

Frequent collaborators of Girardi include researchers Andrea Antinori, Valentina Mazzotta, Fabrizio Maggi, Emanuele Nicastri, and Francesco Vaia. The frequency of collaboration ranges from over 70 to above 140 joint publications with these colleagues.

Girardi's work is regularly published in several key venues that focus on virology and infectious diseases. The most common publication venues are:

  • Viruses (15 publications)
  • Journal of Medical Virology (10 publications)
  • International Journal of Infectious Diseases (9 publications)
  • Vaccines (9 publications)
  • SSRN Electronic Journal (9 publications)

Best Publications

  • Interferon-γ release assays for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Martina Sester;Giovanni Sotgiu;Christoph Lange;Claudia Giehl

  • Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries.

    Haileyesus Getahun;Alberto Matteelli;Ibrahim Abubakar;Mohamed Abdel Aziz

  • Late presentation of HIV infection: a consensus definition

    A Antinori;T Coenen;D Costagiola;N Dedes

  • Late diagnosis of HIV infection: epidemiological features, consequences and strategies to encourage earlier testing.

    Enrico Girardi;Caroline A. Sabin;Antonella D Arminio Monforte

  • Invariant natural killer T cells recognize glycolipids from pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria

    Yuki Kinjo;Petr Illarionov;José Luis Vela;Bo Pei

  • Risk Factors for Tuberculosis in HIV-lnfected Persons: A Prospective Cohort Study

    Giorgio Antonucci;Enrico Girardi;Mario C. Raviglione;Giuseppe Ippolito

  • Adenosine deaminase and interferon gamma measurements for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy: a meta-analysis.

    S. Greco;E. Girardi;R. Masciangelo;G. B. Capoccetta

  • Coinfection with hepatitis viruses and outcome of initial antiretroviral regimens in previously naive HIV-infected subjects.

    Andrea De Luca;Roberto Bugarini;Alessandro Cozzi Lepri;Massimo Puoti

  • Risk Assessment of Tuberculosis in Immunocompromised Patients. A TBNET Study

    Martina Sester;Frank van Leth;Judith Bruchfeld;Dragos Bumbacea

  • Use of a T cell-based assay for monitoring efficacy of antituberculosis therapy.

    Stefania Carrara;Donatella Vincenti;Nicola Petrosillo;Massimo Amicosante

  • Clinical and operational value of the extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis definition.

    G. B. Migliori;G. Besozzi;E. Girardi;K. Kliiman

  • Incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-Infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Europe and North America

    E. Girardi;C.A. Sabin;A. d'Arminio Monforte;B. Hogg

  • A retrospective TBNET assessment of linezolid safety, tolerability and efficacy in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

    G. B. Migliori;B. Eker;M. D. Richardson;G. Sotgiu

  • Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on the risk of tuberculosis among persons with HIV infection

    Enrico Girardi;Giorgio Antonucci;Paola Vanacore;Marco Libanore

  • Current evidence on diagnostic accuracy of commercially based nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

    Stefania Greco;Enrico Girardi;Assunta Navarra;Cesare Saltini

  • Cytomegalovirus Coinfection Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Severe Non–AIDS-Defining Events in a Large Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients

    Miriam Lichtner;Paola Cicconi;Serena Vita;Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri

  • Delayed presentation and late testing for HIV: demographic and behavioral risk factors in a multicenter study in Italy.

    Enrico Girardi;Maria Stella Aloisi;Claudio Arici;Patrizio Pezzotti

  • TASL is the SLC15A4-associated adaptor for IRF5 activation by TLR7-9.

    Leonhard X. Heinz;JangEun Lee;Utkarsh Kapoor;Felix Kartnig

  • Impact of the HIV epidemic on the spread of other diseases: the case of tuberculosis.

    Enrico Girardi;Mario C. Raviglione;Giorgio Antonucci;Peter Godfrey-Faussett

  • QuantiFERON-TB Gold and the TST are both useful for latent tuberculosis infection screening in autoimmune diseases

    F. Bartalesi;S. Vicidomini;D. Goletti;C. Fiorelli

  • Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, Italy and Germany.

    Giovanni Battista Migliori;Johannes Ortmann;Enrico Girardi;Giorgio Besozzi

Frequent Co-Authors

Giuseppe Ippolito
Giuseppe Ippolito Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani
Delia Goletti
Delia Goletti Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani
Andrea Antinori
Andrea Antinori Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani
Giulio Superti-Furga
Giulio Superti-Furga Medical University of Vienna
Antonella d'Arminio Monforte
Antonella d'Arminio Monforte University of Milan
Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
Maria Rosaria Capobianchi National Institutes of Health
Nicola Petrosillo
Nicola Petrosillo National Institutes of Health
Carlo Federico Perno
Carlo Federico Perno University of Milan
Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri University College London
Adriana Ammassari
Adriana Ammassari Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani

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