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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 81 1577 1436 17 16 502 22619
Medicine 81 16710 15719 90 83 512 22793

Enrico Girardi publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Enrico Girardi between 1989 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Enrico Girardi published across 37 years, from 1989 to 2025, averaging 17.3 papers a year. Output peaked at 54 publications in 2024. 96 of the 640 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
10 20 30 40 50
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1989 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 54. Peak 54 publications in 2024. 1989: 1 publication 1990: 3 publications 1991: 4 publications 1992: 1 publication 1993: 4 publications 1994: 1 publication 1995: 7 publications 1996: 4 publications 1997: 3 publications 1998: 5 publications 1999: 2 publications 2000: 9 publications 2001: 21 publications 2002: 11 publications 2003: 11 publications 2004: 15 publications 2005: 16 publications 2006: 11 publications 2007: 21 publications 2008: 15 publications 2009: 22 publications 2010: 12 publications 2011: 26 publications 2012: 28 publications 2013: 18 publications 2014: 22 publications 2015: 25 publications 2016: 22 publications 2017: 23 publications 2018: 18 publications 2019: 19 publications 2020: 20 publications 2021: 38 publications 2022: 43 publications 2023: 43 publications 2024: 54 publications 2025: 42 publications
1989 2025

640 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Enrico Girardi: publications per year, 1989 to 2025
Year Publications
1989 1
1990 3
1991 4
1992 1
1993 4
1994 1
1995 7
1996 4
1997 3
1998 5
1999 2
2000 9
2001 21
2002 11
2003 11
2004 15
2005 16
2006 11
2007 21
2008 15
2009 22
2010 12
2011 26
2012 28
2013 18
2014 22
2015 25
2016 22
2017 23
2018 18
2019 19
2020 20
2021 38
2022 43
2023 43
2024 54
2025 42
Total 640
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Enrico Girardi publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Enrico Girardi sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 502–511 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 502 publications — 89th percentile

89% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23 502
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Enrico Girardi D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Enrico Girardi sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 80–81 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 81 D-Index — 69th percentile

69% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121 81
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Overview

Enrico Girardi is affiliated with the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Austria and has a research focus predominantly in the field of Medicine, with a significant emphasis on Infectious Diseases. Their body of work includes 409 publications in Medicine, covering subfields such as Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Virology, Molecular Biology, and Neurology.

Their research explores critical topics including SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research, COVID-19 clinical research studies, poxvirus research and outbreaks, herpesvirus infections and treatments, Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research, HIV/AIDS research and interventions, as well as long-term effects of COVID-19.

Prominent recent papers authored or coauthored by Girardi include the following:

  • "Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy, May 2022" (2022, Eurosurveillance)
  • "Monkeypox virus isolation from a semen sample collected in the early phase of infection in a patient with prolonged seminal viral shedding" (2022, The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
  • "A whole blood test to measure SARS-CoV-2-specific response in COVID-19 patients" (2020, Clinical Microbiology and Infection)
  • "Humoral and Cellular Immune Response Elicited by mRNA Vaccination Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy Based on Current CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count" (2022, Clinical Infectious Diseases)
  • "COVID-19: viral-host interactome analyzed by network based-approach model to study pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection" (2020, Journal of Translational Medicine)

Frequent collaborators of Girardi include researchers Andrea Antinori, Valentina Mazzotta, Fabrizio Maggi, Emanuele Nicastri, and Francesco Vaia. The frequency of collaboration ranges from over 70 to above 140 joint publications with these colleagues.

Girardi's work is regularly published in several key venues that focus on virology and infectious diseases. The most common publication venues are:

  • Viruses (15 publications)
  • Journal of Medical Virology (10 publications)
  • International Journal of Infectious Diseases (9 publications)
  • Vaccines (9 publications)
  • SSRN Electronic Journal (9 publications)

Best Publications

  • Interferon-γ release assays for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Martina Sester;Giovanni Sotgiu;Christoph Lange;Claudia Giehl

  • Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries.

    Haileyesus Getahun;Alberto Matteelli;Ibrahim Abubakar;Mohamed Abdel Aziz

  • Late presentation of HIV infection: a consensus definition

    A Antinori;T Coenen;D Costagiola;N Dedes

  • Late diagnosis of HIV infection: epidemiological features, consequences and strategies to encourage earlier testing.

    Enrico Girardi;Caroline A. Sabin;Antonella D Arminio Monforte

  • Invariant natural killer T cells recognize glycolipids from pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria

    Yuki Kinjo;Petr Illarionov;José Luis Vela;Bo Pei

  • Risk Factors for Tuberculosis in HIV-lnfected Persons: A Prospective Cohort Study

    Giorgio Antonucci;Enrico Girardi;Mario C. Raviglione;Giuseppe Ippolito

  • Adenosine deaminase and interferon gamma measurements for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy: a meta-analysis.

    S. Greco;E. Girardi;R. Masciangelo;G. B. Capoccetta

  • Coinfection with hepatitis viruses and outcome of initial antiretroviral regimens in previously naive HIV-infected subjects.

    Andrea De Luca;Roberto Bugarini;Alessandro Cozzi Lepri;Massimo Puoti

  • Risk Assessment of Tuberculosis in Immunocompromised Patients. A TBNET Study

    Martina Sester;Frank van Leth;Judith Bruchfeld;Dragos Bumbacea

  • Use of a T cell-based assay for monitoring efficacy of antituberculosis therapy.

    Stefania Carrara;Donatella Vincenti;Nicola Petrosillo;Massimo Amicosante

  • Clinical and operational value of the extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis definition.

    G. B. Migliori;G. Besozzi;E. Girardi;K. Kliiman

  • Incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-Infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Europe and North America

    E. Girardi;C.A. Sabin;A. d'Arminio Monforte;B. Hogg

  • A retrospective TBNET assessment of linezolid safety, tolerability and efficacy in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

    G. B. Migliori;B. Eker;M. D. Richardson;G. Sotgiu

  • Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on the risk of tuberculosis among persons with HIV infection

    Enrico Girardi;Giorgio Antonucci;Paola Vanacore;Marco Libanore

  • Current evidence on diagnostic accuracy of commercially based nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

    Stefania Greco;Enrico Girardi;Assunta Navarra;Cesare Saltini

  • Cytomegalovirus Coinfection Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Severe Non–AIDS-Defining Events in a Large Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients

    Miriam Lichtner;Paola Cicconi;Serena Vita;Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri

  • Delayed presentation and late testing for HIV: demographic and behavioral risk factors in a multicenter study in Italy.

    Enrico Girardi;Maria Stella Aloisi;Claudio Arici;Patrizio Pezzotti

  • TASL is the SLC15A4-associated adaptor for IRF5 activation by TLR7-9.

    Leonhard X. Heinz;JangEun Lee;Utkarsh Kapoor;Felix Kartnig

  • Impact of the HIV epidemic on the spread of other diseases: the case of tuberculosis.

    Enrico Girardi;Mario C. Raviglione;Giorgio Antonucci;Peter Godfrey-Faussett

  • QuantiFERON-TB Gold and the TST are both useful for latent tuberculosis infection screening in autoimmune diseases

    F. Bartalesi;S. Vicidomini;D. Goletti;C. Fiorelli

  • Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, Italy and Germany.

    Giovanni Battista Migliori;Johannes Ortmann;Enrico Girardi;Giorgio Besozzi

Frequent Co-Authors

Giuseppe Ippolito
Giuseppe Ippolito Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani
Delia Goletti
Delia Goletti Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani
Andrea Antinori
Andrea Antinori Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani
Giulio Superti-Furga
Giulio Superti-Furga Medical University of Vienna
Antonella d'Arminio Monforte
Antonella d'Arminio Monforte University of Milan
Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
Maria Rosaria Capobianchi National Institutes of Health
Nicola Petrosillo
Nicola Petrosillo National Institutes of Health
Carlo Federico Perno
Carlo Federico Perno University of Milan
Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri University College London
Adriana Ammassari
Adriana Ammassari Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani

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