World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!
VIEW LIST
Maria Sibilia

D-Index & Metrics

Biology and Biochemistry

D-Index
57
Citations
16832
World Ranking
13589
National Ranking
125

Maria Sibilia publication distribution in Biology and Biochemistry in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Biology and Biochemistry in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Maria Sibilia sits on this spectrum.

47–56 publications: 8 scientists 57–66 publications: 35 scientists 67–76 publications: 106 scientists 77–86 publications: 231 scientists 87–96 publications: 413 scientists 97–106 publications: 546 scientists 107–116 publications: 704 scientists 117–126 publications: 848 scientists 127–136 publications: 980 scientists 137–146 publications: 942 scientists 147–156 publications: 969 scientists 157–166 publications: 949 scientists 167–176 publications: 951 scientists 177–186 publications: 915 scientists 187–196 publications: 787 scientists 197–206 publications: 840 scientists 207–216 publications: 733 scientists 217–226 publications: 708 scientists 227–236 publications: 651 scientists 237–246 publications: 605 scientists 247–256 publications: 510 scientists 257–266 publications: 524 scientists 267–276 publications: 434 scientists 277–286 publications: 417 scientists 287–296 publications: 350 scientists 297–306 publications: 363 scientists 307–316 publications: 315 scientists 317–326 publications: 296 scientists 327–336 publications: 261 scientists 337–346 publications: 240 scientists 347–356 publications: 219 scientists 357–366 publications: 196 scientists 367–376 publications: 154 scientists 377–386 publications: 161 scientists 387–396 publications: 155 scientists 397–406 publications: 145 scientists 407–416 publications: 124 scientists 417–426 publications: 112 scientists 427–436 publications: 132 scientists 437–446 publications: 116 scientists 447–456 publications: 99 scientists 457–466 publications: 81 scientists 467–476 publications: 91 scientists 477–486 publications: 80 scientists 487–496 publications: 80 scientists 497–506 publications: 59 scientists 507–516 publications: 36 scientists 517–526 publications: 46 scientists 527–536 publications: 54 scientists 537–546 publications: 44 scientists 547–556 publications: 43 scientists 557–566 publications: 43 scientists 567–576 publications: 42 scientists 577–586 publications: 25 scientists 587–596 publications: 34 scientists 597–606 publications: 23 scientists 607–616 publications: 33 scientists 617–626 publications: 31 scientists 627–636 publications: 27 scientists 637–646 publications: 25 scientists 647–656 publications: 28 scientists 657–666 publications: 34 scientists 667–676 publications: 18 scientists 677–686 publications: 16 scientists 687–696 publications: 10 scientists 697–706 publications: 12 scientists 707–716 publications: 21 scientists 717–726 publications: 12 scientists 727–736 publications: 12 scientists 737–746 publications: 10 scientists 747–756 publications: 7 scientists 757–766 publications: 13 scientists 767–776 publications: 15 scientists 777–786 publications: 13 scientists 787–796 publications: 9 scientists 797–806 publications: 9 scientists 807–816 publications: 7 scientists 817–826 publications: 4 scientists 827–836 publications: 9 scientists 837–846 publications: 7 scientists 847–856 publications: 3 scientists 857–866 publications: 5 scientists 867–876 publications: 5 scientists 877–886 publications: 11 scientists 887–896 publications: 3 scientists 897–906 publications: 4 scientists 907–916 publications: 7 scientists 917–926 publications: 5 scientists 927–936 publications: 6 scientists 937–946 publications: 6 scientists 947–956 publications: 3 scientists 957–966 publications: 7 scientists 967–976 publications: 2 scientists 977–986 publications: 2 scientists 987–996 publications: 1 scientists 997–1,006 publications: 5 scientists 1,007–1,016 publications: 2 scientists 1,017–1,026 publications: 2 scientists 1,027 publications: 1 scientists 1,028+ publications: 100 scientists
47 publications 1,028+

This scientist: 153 publications — 28th percentile

28% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 1,028 publications or more.

Maria Sibilia D-index placement in Biology and Biochemistry in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Biology and Biochemistry scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Maria Sibilia sits on this spectrum.

40–41 D-Index: 80 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 183 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 316 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 504 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 718 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 899 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 1,025 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 1,149 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 1,235 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 1,253 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 1,162 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 1,130 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 1,031 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 897 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 814 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 714 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 709 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 596 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 512 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 473 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 412 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 373 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 358 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 285 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 273 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 227 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 208 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 193 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 153 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 157 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 148 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 120 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 113 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 100 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 86 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 67 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 71 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 73 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 64 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 53 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 60 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 54 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 43 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 38 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 49 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 26 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 18 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 23 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 32 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 32 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 27 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 19 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 22 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 12 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 16 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 14 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 10 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 13 scientists 156–157 D-Index: 10 scientists 158–159 D-Index: 7 scientists 160–161 D-Index: 9 scientists 162–163 D-Index: 13 scientists 164–165 D-Index: 4 scientists 166 D-Index: 4 scientists 167+ D-Index: 98 scientists
40 D-Index 167+

This scientist: 57 D-Index — 31st percentile

31% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 167 D-Index or more.

Research.com Recognitions

  • Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
  • Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
  • Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
  • Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)

Overview

Maria Sibilia is affiliated with the Medical University of Vienna in Austria and has contributed extensively to the fields of Medicine and Immunology and Microbiology. Their research spans several subfields including Immunology, Oncology, Molecular Biology, Cancer Research, and Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine.

The scientist's work frequently appears in notable publication venues, including the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, EMBO Molecular Medicine, Cancers, bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), and the British Journal of Cancer.

Key topics addressed in their publications include Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions, Immunotherapy and Immune Responses, Immune Cell Function and Interaction, Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis, Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers, Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies, and Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism.

Some of the recent papers published by Maria Sibilia are:

  • Wnt signaling and Loxl2 promote aggressive osteosarcoma, 2020, Cell Research
  • Psoriatic skin inflammation is promoted by c-Jun/AP-1-dependent CCL2 and IL-23 expression in dendritic cells, 2021, EMBO Molecular Medicine
  • Epidermal autonomous VEGFA/Flt1/Nrp1 functions mediate psoriasis-like disease, 2020, Science Advances
  • AXL is a predictor of poor survival and of resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer, 2020, European Journal of Cancer
  • The AP-1 transcription factors c-Jun and JunB are essential for CD8α conventional dendritic cell identity, 2021, Cell Death and Differentiation

Frequent collaborators of Maria Sibilia include Martin Holcmann, Dana Krauß, Philipp Novoszel, Thomas Bauer, and Jörg Klufa.

Maria Sibilia is recognized as a Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).

Best Publications

  • Loss of the Suv39h histone methyltransferases impairs mammalian heterochromatin and genome stability.

    Antoine H.F.M. Peters;Dónal O'Carroll;Harry Scherthan;Karl Mechtler

  • Strain-dependent epithelial defects in mice lacking the EGF receptor

    Maria Sibilia;Erwin F. Wagner

  • Distinct neural stem cells proliferate in response to EGF and FGF in the developing mouse telencephalon.

    Vincent Tropepe;Maria Sibilia;Brian G. Ciruna;Brian G. Ciruna;Janet Rossant;Janet Rossant

  • Amino-terminal phosphorylation of c-Jun regulates stress-induced apoptosis and cellular proliferation

    Axel Behrens;Maria Sibilia;Erwin F. Wagner

  • EGF Receptor is Required for KRAS-induced Pancreatic Tumorigenesis

    Christine M. Ardito;Barbara M. Grüner;Kenneth K. Takeuchi;Clara Lubeseder-Martellato

  • Amphiregulin Enhances Regulatory T Cell-Suppressive Function via the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

    Dietmar M.W. Zaiss;Jorg van Loosdregt;Andrea Gorlani;Cornelis P.J. Bekker

  • The epidermal growth factor receptor: from development to tumorigenesis

    Maria Sibilia;Renate Kroismayr;Beate M. Lichtenberger;Anuradha Natarajan

  • Autocrine VEGF Signaling Synergizes with EGFR in Tumor Cells to Promote Epithelial Cancer Development

    Beate M. Lichtenberger;Poi Kiang Tan;Heide Niederleithner;Napoleone Ferrara

  • EGF receptor signaling is essential for k-ras oncogene-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

    Carolina Navas;Isabel Hernández-Porras;Alberto J. Schuhmacher;Maria Sibilia

  • A strain-independent postnatal neurodegeneration in mice lacking the EGF receptor

    Maria Sibilia;Joachim P. Steinbach;Laura Stingl;Adriano Aguzzi

  • The EGF Receptor Provides an Essential Survival Signal for SOS-Dependent Skin Tumor Development

    Maria Sibilia;Alexander Fleischmann;Axel Behrens;Laura Stingl

  • The EGF receptor is required for efficient liver regeneration

    Anuradha Natarajan;Bettina Wagner;Maria Sibilia

  • c-Jun Regulates Eyelid Closure and Skin Tumor Development through EGFR Signaling

    Rainer Zenz;Harald Scheuch;Paul B Martin;Carsten Frank

  • Imiquimod clears tumors in mice independent of adaptive immunity by converting pDCs into tumor-killing effector cells

    Barbara Drobits;Martin Holcmann;Nicole Amberg;Melissa Swiecki

  • Impaired postnatal hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in mice lacking c-jun in the liver.

    Axel Behrens;Axel Behrens;Maria Sibilia;Maria Sibilia;Jean Pierre David;Uta Möhle-Steinlein

  • Functions of c-Jun in Liver and Heart Development

    Robert Eferl;Maria Sibilia;Frank Hilberg;Andrea Fuchsbichler

  • Oncogenic transformation by ras and fos is mediated by c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation

    Axel Behrens;Wolfram Jochum;Maria Sibilia;Erwin F Wagner

  • Identification and characterization of pDC-like cells in normal mouse skin and melanomas treated with imiquimod.

    Francesca Palamara;Simone Meindl;Martin Holcmann;Petra Lührs

  • Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Synergizes with Hedgehog/GLI in Oncogenic Transformation via Activation of the MEK/ERK/JUN Pathway

    Harald Schnidar;Markus Eberl;Stefan Klingler;Doris Mangelberger

  • EGFR has a tumour-promoting role in liver macrophages during hepatocellular carcinoma formation

    Hanane Lanaya;Anuradha Natarajan;Karin Komposch;Liang Li

Frequent Co-Authors

Erwin F. Wagner
Erwin F. Wagner Medical University of Vienna
Axel Behrens
Axel Behrens Imperial College London
Fortunato Ciardiello
Fortunato Ciardiello University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"
Nicola Normanno
Nicola Normanno Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale"
Walter Berger
Walter Berger Medical University of Vienna
Matthias Preusser
Matthias Preusser Medical University of Vienna
Richard Moriggl
Richard Moriggl University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
Johannes Grillari
Johannes Grillari BOKU University
Michael Gekle
Michael Gekle Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Markus Raderer
Markus Raderer Medical University of Vienna

External Links

Personal website of Maria Sibilia

If you think any of the details on this page are incorrect, let us know.

Report an issue

We appreciate your kind effort to assist us to improve this page, it would be helpful providing us with as much detail as possible in the text box below:

Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

Exploring a career in Biology or Biochemistry can open doors to a variety of interdisciplinary fields that blend science with healthcare, management, and nutrition. If you’re looking to advance your qualifications, several flexible online degree options are available.

For those interested in healthcare leadership, consider 1 year mha programs online or a cheap online mba healthcare administration to gain management expertise quickly and affordably.

If nutrition science is your passion, you can fast-track your studies with a fastest nutrition degree online, preparing you for roles in health and wellness.

For biology graduates interested in mental health, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner programs online can help you build clinical skills for a high-demand field.

Each of these related online degrees is designed to be flexible, making it easier to balance your education with work or other commitments while preparing you for diverse, fulfilling career pathways.

Best Scientists Citing Maria Sibilia

Erwin F. Wagner

Erwin F. Wagner

Medical University of Vienna

Publications: 81

Thomas Jenuwein

Thomas Jenuwein

Max Planck Society

Publications: 42

Antoine H.F.M. Peters

Antoine H.F.M. Peters

Friedrich Miescher Institute

Publications: 33

Geneviève Almouzni

Geneviève Almouzni

Institute Curie

Publications: 32

David W. Threadgill

David W. Threadgill

Texas A&M University

Publications: 32

Derek van der Kooy

Derek van der Kooy

University of Toronto

Publications: 30

Axel Behrens

Axel Behrens

Imperial College London

Publications: 29

Howard C. Crawford

Howard C. Crawford

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

Publications: 28

James T. Elder

James T. Elder

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

Publications: 26

Prim B. Singh

Prim B. Singh

Nazarbayev University

Publications: 25

Carl P. Blobel

Carl P. Blobel

Cornell University

Publications: 25

Stefan Rose-John

Stefan Rose-John

Kiel University

Publications: 24

Jens T. Siveke

Jens T. Siveke

German Cancer Research Center

Publications: 24

Hiroyuki Nawa

Hiroyuki Nawa

Wakayama Medical University

Publications: 21

Manuela Baccarini

Manuela Baccarini

Max F. Perutz Laboratories

Publications: 20

Peter Angel

Peter Angel

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Publications: 20

Trending Scientists

Thomas Jüstel

Thomas Jüstel

Münster University of Applied Sciences

Thomas Quertermous

Thomas Quertermous

Stanford University

Peter W. J. Rigby

Peter W. J. Rigby

Institute of Cancer Research

James C. R. Stangoulis

James C. R. Stangoulis

Flinders University

Craig F. Drury

Craig F. Drury

Agriculture and Agriculture-Food Canada

Pierre Martre

Pierre Martre

INRAE : Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement

James G. Phillips

James G. Phillips

Auckland University of Technology

Michael Tal

Michael Tal

Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Jacques Colinge

Jacques Colinge

University of Montpellier

Bradley L. Jolliff

Bradley L. Jolliff

Washington University in St. Louis

Anja Taanila

Anja Taanila

University of Oulu

Ronald M. Andersen

Ronald M. Andersen

University of California, Los Angeles

Ashley T. Haase

Ashley T. Haase

University of Minnesota

Said Hamdioui

Said Hamdioui

Delft University of Technology

Magdalene Marinaki

Magdalene Marinaki

Technical University of Crete

Fengchang Wu

Fengchang Wu

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Related Biology and Biochemistry Rankings & Guides

2026 Easiest Online Healthcare Innovation Master's Degree Programs That Pay Well: High-Salary Degrees with Simple Admissions

2026 Easiest Online Healthcare Innovation Master's Degree Programs That Pay Well: High-Salary Degrees with Simple Admissions
2026 Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) vs. Registered Nurse (RN): Explaining the Difference

2026 Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) vs. Registered Nurse (RN): Explaining the Difference
2026 Radiology Tech vs. Radiation Therapist: Explaining the Difference

2026 Radiology Tech vs. Radiation Therapist: Explaining the Difference
2026 Family Nurse Practitioner vs. Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner: Explaining the Difference

2026 Family Nurse Practitioner vs. Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner: Explaining the Difference
2026 Online Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner Degree Programs Costs: Tuition & Fees

2026 Online Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner Degree Programs Costs: Tuition & Fees
2026 How Much Does a Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Degree Program Cost? Tuition, Fees & Total Expense Breakdown

2026 How Much Does a Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Degree Program Cost? Tuition, Fees & Total Expense Breakdown
2026 What Prerequisites Do You Need for a Healthcare Administration Degree? Entry Requirements, Credits & Eligibility Rules

2026 What Prerequisites Do You Need for a Healthcare Administration Degree? Entry Requirements, Credits & Eligibility Rules
2026 How to Become a Patient Navigator: Education, Salary, and Job Outlook

2026 How to Become a Patient Navigator: Education, Salary, and Job Outlook
2026 Utilization Review Nurse Careers: Skills, Education, Salary & Job Outlook

2026 Utilization Review Nurse Careers: Skills, Education, Salary & Job Outlook
2026 Biotechnology Degree vs. Certificate: Which Should You Choose?

2026 Biotechnology Degree vs. Certificate: Which Should You Choose?
2026 Cheapest and Shortest Online Sports Science Degree Programs That Pay Well: Cost, Duration, and Salary Outlook

2026 Cheapest and Shortest Online Sports Science Degree Programs That Pay Well: Cost, Duration, and Salary Outlook
2026 Easiest Online Healthcare Management Degree Programs That Pay Well: High-Salary Degrees with Simple Admissions

2026 Easiest Online Healthcare Management Degree Programs That Pay Well: High-Salary Degrees with Simple Admissions
2026 What Prerequisites Do You Need for a Nutrition Degree? Entry Requirements, Credits & Eligibility Rules

2026 What Prerequisites Do You Need for a Nutrition Degree? Entry Requirements, Credits & Eligibility Rules
2026 How to Become a Public Health Inspector: Education, Salary, and Job Outlook

2026 How to Become a Public Health Inspector: Education, Salary, and Job Outlook
2026 How to Become an Autopsy Tech: Education, Salary, and Job Outlook

2026 How to Become an Autopsy Tech: Education, Salary, and Job Outlook
2026 Military-Friendly Online Nutrition Degree Programs: Benefits, Accreditation, and Career Outcomes

2026 Military-Friendly Online Nutrition Degree Programs: Benefits, Accreditation, and Career Outcomes
2026 Cheapest and Shortest Online Medical Billing & Coding Degree Programs That Pay Well: Cost, Duration, and Salary Outlook

2026 Cheapest and Shortest Online Medical Billing & Coding Degree Programs That Pay Well: Cost, Duration, and Salary Outlook
2026 Is a Healthcare Administration Online Degree Worth It?

2026 Is a Healthcare Administration Online Degree Worth It?
2026 How Fast Can You Get a Family Nurse Practitioner Degree Online?

2026 How Fast Can You Get a Family Nurse Practitioner Degree Online?
2026 Cheapest and Shortest Online Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Degree Programs That Pay Well: Cost, Duration, and Salary Outlook

2026 Cheapest and Shortest Online Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Degree Programs That Pay Well: Cost, Duration, and Salary Outlook
2026 How to Become a Pathologist Assistant: Education, Salary, and Job Outlook

2026 How to Become a Pathologist Assistant: Education, Salary, and Job Outlook

Recently Published Articles

2026 What Can I Do With an Associate's in Computer Science?

2026 What Can I Do With an Associate's in Computer Science?
2026 Best Accredited Online Global Studies Bachelor's Degree Programs

2026 Best Accredited Online Global Studies Bachelor's Degree Programs
2026 Psychology vs. Human Services Degree: Explaining the Difference

2026 Psychology vs. Human Services Degree: Explaining the Difference
2026 Most Affordable Online Accounting Degree Programs

2026 Most Affordable Online Accounting Degree Programs
2026 Online vs On-Campus Elementary Education Degree Programs: Pros & Cons

2026 Online vs On-Campus Elementary Education Degree Programs: Pros & Cons
2026 Online History Bachelor's Degree Programs With No Application Fee

2026 Online History Bachelor's Degree Programs With No Application Fee
2026 Best LPN Programs in Pennsylvania – Accredited Online LPN Programs

2026 Best LPN Programs in Pennsylvania – Accredited Online LPN Programs
2026 Logistics Degree Programs With No GRE or GMAT Requirements

2026 Logistics Degree Programs With No GRE or GMAT Requirements
2026 Are There Any One-Year Online Industrial Organizational Psychology Degree Programs Worth Considering?

2026 Are There Any One-Year Online Industrial Organizational Psychology Degree Programs Worth Considering?
2026 Fire Science Degree Outlook Through 2030: Enrollment, Salary, and Hiring Projections

2026 Fire Science Degree Outlook Through 2030: Enrollment, Salary, and Hiring Projections
2026 Best Online Paralegal Certificate Programs

2026 Best Online Paralegal Certificate Programs
2026 Online Applied Behavior Analysis Degree Master's Programs with No GRE or GMAT Requirements

2026 Online Applied Behavior Analysis Degree Master's Programs with No GRE or GMAT Requirements
2026 Online Social Work Bachelor's Degree Programs With No Application Fee

2026 Online Social Work Bachelor's Degree Programs With No Application Fee
2026 Fastest Online Real Estate Degree Programs You Can Finish in Under 2 Years

2026 Fastest Online Real Estate Degree Programs You Can Finish in Under 2 Years
2026 How To Become a Nurse Recruiter: Salary & Career Paths

2026 How To Become a Nurse Recruiter: Salary & Career Paths
2026 Fastest Online Cybersecurity Bachelor's Degree Programs You Can Finish in 3 Years or Less

2026 Fastest Online Cybersecurity Bachelor's Degree Programs You Can Finish in 3 Years or Less
2026 Best Online MBA in HR (Human Resources)

2026 Best Online MBA in HR (Human Resources)
2026 How to Become a Behavior Interventionist: Education, Salary, and Job Outlook

2026 How to Become a Behavior Interventionist: Education, Salary, and Job Outlook
2026 How to Become a Licensed Pharmacist in Delaware

2026 How to Become a Licensed Pharmacist in Delaware
2026 Best Nursing Schools in Virginia Beach, VA – Accredited Nursing Degree Programs Online

2026 Best Nursing Schools in Virginia Beach, VA – Accredited Nursing Degree Programs Online
2026 Best Accredited Online Philosophy Bachelor's Degree Programs

2026 Best Accredited Online Philosophy Bachelor's Degree Programs