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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 48 4395 4062 2 2 145 12418

Kai Kisand publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Kai Kisand between 1991 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Kai Kisand published across 35 years, from 1991 to 2025, averaging 4.8 papers a year. Output peaked at 25 publications in 2021. 21 of the 168 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10 15 20 25
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1991 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 25. Peak 25 publications in 2021. 1991: 1 publication 1992: 0 publications 1993: 0 publications 1994: 0 publications 1995: 0 publications 1996: 1 publication 1997: 0 publications 1998: 2 publications 1999: 0 publications 2000: 0 publications 2001: 1 publication 2002: 1 publication 2003: 0 publications 2004: 1 publication 2005: 0 publications 2006: 0 publications 2007: 2 publications 2008: 7 publications 2009: 4 publications 2010: 8 publications 2011: 4 publications 2012: 4 publications 2013: 7 publications 2014: 8 publications 2015: 7 publications 2016: 9 publications 2017: 10 publications 2018: 6 publications 2019: 6 publications 2020: 12 publications 2021: 25 publications 2022: 14 publications 2023: 7 publications 2024: 12 publications 2025: 9 publications
1991 2025

168 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Kai Kisand: publications per year, 1991 to 2025
Year Publications
1991 1
1992 0
1993 0
1994 0
1995 0
1996 1
1997 0
1998 2
1999 0
2000 0
2001 1
2002 1
2003 0
2004 1
2005 0
2006 0
2007 2
2008 7
2009 4
2010 8
2011 4
2012 4
2013 7
2014 8
2015 7
2016 9
2017 10
2018 6
2019 6
2020 12
2021 25
2022 14
2023 7
2024 12
2025 9
Total 168
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Kai Kisand publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Kai Kisand sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 142–151 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 145 publications — 14th percentile

14% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159 145
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Kai Kisand D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Kai Kisand sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 48–49 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 48 D-Index — 11th percentile

11% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175 48
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Overview

Kai Kisand is affiliated with the University of Tartu in Estonia and has contributed extensively to research within the fields of Medicine and Immunology and Microbiology. Their work encompasses a range of subfields including Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Epidemiology, and Rheumatology. The scientist's research topics primarily focus on T-cell and B-cell Immunology, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research, COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies, Immune Cell Function and Interaction, Diabetes and associated disorders, Long-Term Effects of COVID-19, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research.

Their publication record includes notable recent papers such as:

  • Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19 (2020, Science)
  • A dynamic COVID-19 immune signature includes associations with poor prognosis (2020, Nature Medicine)
  • Dynamics of antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccine after six months: a longitudinal prospective study (2021, The Lancet Regional Health - Europe)
  • Human genetic and immunological determinants of critical COVID-19 pneumonia (2022, Nature)
  • Preexisting autoantibodies to type I IFNs underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with APS-1 (2021, The Journal of Experimental Medicine)

Kisand's frequent coauthors include:

  • Pärt Peterson
  • Liis Haljasmägi
  • Liina Tserel
  • Filomeen Haerynck
  • Petter Brodin

The primary venues where Kisand has published include:

  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • The Journal of Experimental Medicine
  • Journal of Investigative Dermatology
  • Frontiers in Immunology
  • Nature Medicine

Best Publications

  • Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19.

    Paul Bastard;Paul Bastard;Paul Bastard;Lindsey B. Rosen;Qian Zhang;Eleftherios Michailidis

  • A dynamic COVID-19 immune signature includes associations with poor prognosis.

    Adam G. Laing;Anna Lorenc;Irene del Molino del Barrio;Irene del Molino del Barrio;Abhishek Das;Abhishek Das

  • Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in APECED or thymoma patients correlates with autoimmunity to Th17-associated cytokines

    Kai Kisand;Anette S. Bøe Wolff;Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek;Liina Tserel

  • Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ~ 4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ~ 20% of COVID-19 deaths.

    Paul Bastard;Adrian Gervais;Adrian Gervais;Tom Le Voyer;Tom Le Voyer;Jérémie Rosain;Jérémie Rosain

  • Dynamics of antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccine after six months: a longitudinal prospective study.

    Paul Naaber;Paul Naaber;Liina Tserel;Kadri Kangro;Epp Sepp

  • Heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function mutations underlie an unexpectedly broad clinical phenotype.

    Julie Toubiana;Satoshi Okada;Satoshi Okada;Julia Hiller;Matias Oleastro

  • Assessment of interferon-related biomarkers in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome associated with mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, and ADAR: a case-control study

    Gillian I Rice;Gabriella M A Gm Forte;Marcin Szynkiewicz;Diana S Chase

  • AIRE-Deficient Patients Harbor Unique High-Affinity Disease-Ameliorating Autoantibodies

    Steffen Meyer;Martin Woodward;Christina Hertel;Philip Vlaicu

  • Preexisting autoantibodies to type I IFNs underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with APS-1.

    Paul Bastard;Paul Bastard;Paul Bastard;Elizaveta Orlova;Leila Sozaeva;Romain Lévy;Romain Lévy

  • The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies

    Unknown

  • Age-related profiling of DNA methylation in CD8+ T cells reveals changes in immune response and transcriptional regulator genes.

    Liina Tserel;Raivo Kolde;Maia Limbach;Konstantin Tretyakov

  • MicroRNA expression profiles of human blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages reveal miR-511 as putative positive regulator of Toll-like receptor 4.

    Liina Tserel;Toomas Runnel;Kai Kisand;Maire Pihlap

  • Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with critical influenza pneumonia

    Unknown

  • Pathogenic implications for autoimmune mechanisms derived by comparative eQTL analysis of CD4+ versus CD8+ T cells.

    Silva Kasela;Kai Kisand;Liina Tserel;Epp Kaleviste

  • Interferon autoantibodies associated with AIRE deficiency decrease the expression of IFN-stimulated genes

    Kai Kisand;Maire Link;Anette S. B. Wolff;Anthony Meager

  • Mucocutaneous candidiasis and autoimmunity against cytokines in APECED and thymoma patients: Clinical and pathogenetic implications

    Kai Kisand;Desa Lilic;Jean-Laurent Casanova;Jean-Laurent Casanova;Pärt Peterson

  • Post-Aire Maturation of Thymic Medullary Epithelial Cells Involves Selective Expression of Keratinocyte-Specific Autoantigens

    Xiaoping Wang;Martti Laan;Rudolf Bichele;Kai Kisand

  • Human Peripheral Lymphoid Tissues Contain Autoimmune Regulator-Expressing Dendritic Cells

    Pietro Luigi Poliani;Kai Kisand;Veronica Marrella;Maria Ravanini

  • Modulation of Aire regulates the expression of tissue-restricted antigens.

    Vivian Kont;Martti Laan;Kai Kisand;Andres Merits

  • Epigenetic profiling in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from Graves' disease patients reveals changes in genes associated with T cell receptor signaling.

    Maia Limbach;Mario Saare;Liina Tserel;Kai Kisand

  • Autoimmune Regulator Deficiency Results in Decreased Expression of CCR4 and CCR7 Ligands and in Delayed Migration of CD4+ Thymocytes

    Martti Laan;Kai Kisand;Vivian Kont;Kaidi Möll

  • Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy: known and novel aspects of the syndrome

    Kai Kisand;Pärt Peterson

Frequent Co-Authors

Pärt Peterson
Pärt Peterson University of Tartu
Adrian Hayday
Adrian Hayday King's College London
Kai Krohn
Kai Krohn Tampere University
Eystein S. Husebye
Eystein S. Husebye University of Bergen
Raivo Uibo
Raivo Uibo University of Tartu
Annamari Ranki
Annamari Ranki University of Helsinki
Nick Willcox
Nick Willcox University of Oxford
Hamish S. Scott
Hamish S. Scott University of Adelaide
Lili Milani
Lili Milani University of Tartu

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