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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 58 3484 3213 1618 1482 139 15416

Clifford M. Snapper publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Clifford M. Snapper between 1986 and 2021, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Clifford M. Snapper published across 36 years, from 1986 to 2021, averaging 3.9 papers a year. Output peaked at 9 publications in 2013. 3 of the 140 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
2 4 6 8
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1986 to 2021. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 9. Peak 9 publications in 2013. 1986: 2 publications 1987: 4 publications 1988: 5 publications 1989: 3 publications 1990: 4 publications 1991: 5 publications 1992: 2 publications 1993: 7 publications 1994: 1 publication 1995: 7 publications 1996: 7 publications 1997: 5 publications 1998: 5 publications 1999: 5 publications 2000: 4 publications 2001: 2 publications 2002: 3 publications 2003: 4 publications 2004: 2 publications 2005: 4 publications 2006: 6 publications 2007: 6 publications 2008: 7 publications 2009: 2 publications 2010: 0 publications 2011: 2 publications 2012: 7 publications 2013: 9 publications 2014: 2 publications 2015: 1 publication 2016: 8 publications 2017: 1 publication 2018: 2 publications 2019: 3 publications 2020: 1 publication 2021: 2 publications
1986 2021

140 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Clifford M. Snapper: publications per year, 1986 to 2021
Year Publications
1986 2
1987 4
1988 5
1989 3
1990 4
1991 5
1992 2
1993 7
1994 1
1995 7
1996 7
1997 5
1998 5
1999 5
2000 4
2001 2
2002 3
2003 4
2004 2
2005 4
2006 6
2007 6
2008 7
2009 2
2010 0
2011 2
2012 7
2013 9
2014 2
2015 1
2016 8
2017 1
2018 2
2019 3
2020 1
2021 2
Total 140
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Clifford M. Snapper publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Clifford M. Snapper sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 132–141 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 139 publications — 13th percentile

13% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160 139
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Clifford M. Snapper D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Clifford M. Snapper sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 58–59 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 58 D-Index — 30th percentile

30% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201 58
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Overview

Clifford M. Snapper is affiliated with the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in the United States. Their research primarily focuses on medicine, with particular contributions in epidemiology, oncology, pathology and forensic medicine, and parasitology. The scientist has explored diverse aspects of viral-associated diseases, including herpetic infections and lymphoma diagnosis and treatment.

The main topics covered in their body of work include:

  • Viral-associated cancers and disorders
  • Herpesvirus infections and treatments
  • Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
  • Lymphoma diagnosis and treatment
  • Polyomavirus and related diseases
  • Toxoplasma gondii research studies

Snapper has published multiple articles in scientific journals with a strong focus on viral immunology and vaccine development. Frequent publication venues include Vaccines and Frontiers in Immunology.

Recent notable publications include:

  • Epstein Barr Virus: Development of Vaccines and Immune Cell Therapy for EBV-Associated Diseases, 2021, Frontiers in Immunology
  • Immunization with Epstein-Barr Virus Core Fusion Machinery Envelope Proteins Elicit High Titers of Neutralizing Activities and Protect Humanized Mice from Lethal Dose EBV Challenge, 2021, Vaccines
  • Immunization with Human Cytomegalovirus Core Fusion Machinery and Accessory Envelope Proteins Elicit Strong Synergistic Neutralizing Activities, 2020, Vaccines

The scientist collaborates with various coauthors in their research endeavors. Frequent collaborators include Xinle Cui, Zhouhong Cao, Yuriko Ishikawa, Sara Cui, and Ken-Ichi Imadome. Collaborations with such researchers have contributed to investigations on viral immunization and neutralizing antibody responses.

Best Publications

  • Interferon-gamma and B cell stimulatory factor-1 reciprocally regulate Ig isotype production

    Clifford M. Snapper;William E. Paul

  • T Cell-Independent Antigens Type 2

    James J. Mond;Andrew Lees;Clifford M. Snapper

  • B-cell activation by T-cell-independent type 2 antigens as an integral part of the humoral immune response to pathogenic microorganisms.

    Q Vos;A Lees;Z Q Wu;C M Snapper

  • Towards a comprehensive view of immunoglobulin class switching.

    Clifford M Snapper;James J Mond

  • Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB2 (p100/p52) Is Required for Normal Splenic Microarchitecture and B Cell–mediated Immune Responses

    Jorge H. Caamaño;Cheryl A. Rizzo;Stephen K. Durham;Debra S. Barton

  • Differential regulation of IgG1 and IgE synthesis by interleukin 4.

    C M Snapper;F D Finkelman;W E Paul

  • Suppression of in vivo polyclonal IgE responses by monoclonal antibody to the lymphokine B-cell stimulatory factor 1.

    FD Finkelman;IM Katona;Jr Jf Urban;CM Snapper

  • B cells from p50/NF-kappa B knockout mice have selective defects in proliferation, differentiation, germ-line CH transcription, and Ig class switching.

    C. M. Snapper;P. Zelazowski;F. R. Rosas;M. R. Kehry

  • T cell independent antigens.

    James J. Mond;Quirijn Vos;Andrew Lees;Clifford M. Snapper

  • Induction of IgG3 secretion by interferon gamma: a model for T cell-independent class switching in response to T cell-independent type 2 antigens.

    C. M. Snapper;T. M. Mcintyre;R. Mandler;L. M. T. Pecanha

  • Regulation of IgG1 and IgE production by interleukin 4

    Clifford M. Snapper;Fred D. Finkelman;William E. Paul

  • The Immunoglobulin Class Switch: Beyond “Accessibility”

    Clifford M Snapper;Kenneth B Marcu;Piotr Zelazowski

  • Regulation by interferon alpha of immunoglobulin isotype selection and lymphokine production in mice.

    Fred D. Finkelman;Antonela Svetic;Ion Gresser;Clifford Snapper

  • A model for induction of T cell-independent humoral immunity in response to polysaccharide antigens.

    C M Snapper;J J Mond

  • Transforming growth factor beta 1 selectivity stimulates immunoglobulin G2b secretion by lipopolysaccharide-activated murine B cells.

    Tina M. McIntyre;Dennis R. Klinman;Paul B Rothman;Michelle Lugo

  • Dendritic cells pulsed with intact Streptococcus pneumoniae elicit both protein- and polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin isotype responses in vivo through distinct mechanisms.

    Jesus Colino;Yi Shen;Clifford M. Snapper

  • Epstein Barr Virus: Development of Vaccines and Immune Cell Therapy for EBV-Associated Diseases

    Xinle Cui;Xinle Cui;Clifford M. Snapper

  • Novel in vitro model for high-rate IgA class switching.

    T M McIntyre;M R Kehry;C M Snapper

  • IL-4 induction of IgE class switching by lipopolysaccharide-activated murine B cells occurs predominantly through sequential switching

    Raya Mandler;Fred D. Finkelman;Alan David Levine;Clifford M. Snapper

  • B cells lacking RelB are defective in proliferative responses, but undergo normal B cell maturation to Ig secretion and Ig class switching

    C M Snapper;F R Rosas;P Zelazowski;M A Moorman

  • Exosomes from Bone Marrow Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Diphtheria Toxoid Preferentially Induce Type 1 Antigen-Specific IgG Responses in Naive Recipients in the Absence of Free Antigen

    Jesus Colino;Clifford M. Snapper

Frequent Co-Authors

James J. Mond
James J. Mond Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Fred D. Finkelman
Fred D. Finkelman University of Cincinnati
Marilyn R. Kehry
Marilyn R. Kehry Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany)
William C. Gause
William C. Gause Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Dennis M. Klinman
Dennis M. Klinman National Institutes of Health
William E. Paul
William E. Paul National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
David Baltimore
David Baltimore California Institute of Technology
James C. Paton
James C. Paton University of Adelaide
Stuart P. Adler
Stuart P. Adler Virginia Commonwealth University
Charles R. Maliszewski
Charles R. Maliszewski Amgen (United States)

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