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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Medicine 92 11378 10695 5830 5392 389 28952

Gregory F. Ball publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Gregory F. Ball between 1981 and 2026, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Gregory F. Ball published across 46 years, from 1981 to 2026, averaging 10 papers a year. Output peaked at 31 publications in 2005. 10 of the 459 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
10 20 30
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1981 to 2026. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 31. Peak 31 publications in 2005. 1981: 1 publication 1982: 0 publications 1983: 2 publications 1984: 0 publications 1985: 1 publication 1986: 0 publications 1987: 3 publications 1988: 3 publications 1989: 9 publications 1990: 6 publications 1991: 3 publications 1992: 1 publication 1993: 5 publications 1994: 5 publications 1995: 9 publications 1996: 8 publications 1997: 10 publications 1998: 13 publications 1999: 10 publications 2000: 10 publications 2001: 17 publications 2002: 16 publications 2003: 17 publications 2004: 15 publications 2005: 31 publications 2006: 19 publications 2007: 11 publications 2008: 16 publications 2009: 16 publications 2010: 16 publications 2011: 13 publications 2012: 17 publications 2013: 19 publications 2014: 11 publications 2015: 7 publications 2016: 10 publications 2017: 19 publications 2018: 12 publications 2019: 8 publications 2020: 14 publications 2021: 14 publications 2022: 15 publications 2023: 9 publications 2024: 8 publications 2025: 9 publications 2026: 1 publication
1981 2026

459 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Gregory F. Ball: publications per year, 1981 to 2026
Year Publications
1981 1
1982 0
1983 2
1984 0
1985 1
1986 0
1987 3
1988 3
1989 9
1990 6
1991 3
1992 1
1993 5
1994 5
1995 9
1996 8
1997 10
1998 13
1999 10
2000 10
2001 17
2002 16
2003 17
2004 15
2005 31
2006 19
2007 11
2008 16
2009 16
2010 16
2011 13
2012 17
2013 19
2014 11
2015 7
2016 10
2017 19
2018 12
2019 8
2020 14
2021 14
2022 15
2023 9
2024 8
2025 9
2026 1
Total 459
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Gregory F. Ball publication distribution in Medicine in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Medicine in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Gregory F. Ball sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600 800
Bar chart with 86 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 101–120 to 1,796+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 922. Most scientists, 922, have 341–360 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 1,796 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 381–400 publications, is where this scientist sits. 101–120 publications: 5 scientists 121–140 publications: 26 scientists 141–160 publications: 73 scientists 161–180 publications: 155 scientists 181–200 publications: 230 scientists 201–220 publications: 363 scientists 221–240 publications: 487 scientists 241–260 publications: 545 scientists 261–280 publications: 722 scientists 281–300 publications: 768 scientists 301–320 publications: 834 scientists 321–340 publications: 895 scientists 341–360 publications: 922 scientists 361–380 publications: 838 scientists 381–400 publications: 861 scientists 401–420 publications: 918 scientists 421–440 publications: 806 scientists 441–460 publications: 771 scientists 461–480 publications: 751 scientists 481–500 publications: 713 scientists 501–520 publications: 617 scientists 521–540 publications: 610 scientists 541–560 publications: 537 scientists 561–580 publications: 504 scientists 581–600 publications: 509 scientists 601–620 publications: 396 scientists 621–640 publications: 386 scientists 641–660 publications: 371 scientists 661–680 publications: 340 scientists 681–700 publications: 336 scientists 701–720 publications: 307 scientists 721–740 publications: 259 scientists 741–760 publications: 230 scientists 761–780 publications: 228 scientists 781–800 publications: 217 scientists 801–820 publications: 204 scientists 821–840 publications: 186 scientists 841–860 publications: 177 scientists 861–880 publications: 155 scientists 881–900 publications: 139 scientists 901–920 publications: 145 scientists 921–940 publications: 116 scientists 941–960 publications: 133 scientists 961–980 publications: 91 scientists 981–1,000 publications: 96 scientists 1,001–1,020 publications: 77 scientists 1,021–1,040 publications: 70 scientists 1,041–1,060 publications: 63 scientists 1,061–1,080 publications: 77 scientists 1,081–1,100 publications: 49 scientists 1,101–1,120 publications: 54 scientists 1,121–1,140 publications: 49 scientists 1,141–1,160 publications: 51 scientists 1,161–1,180 publications: 35 scientists 1,181–1,200 publications: 39 scientists 1,201–1,220 publications: 26 scientists 1,221–1,240 publications: 37 scientists 1,241–1,260 publications: 36 scientists 1,261–1,280 publications: 27 scientists 1,281–1,300 publications: 32 scientists 1,301–1,320 publications: 28 scientists 1,321–1,340 publications: 17 scientists 1,341–1,360 publications: 30 scientists 1,361–1,380 publications: 28 scientists 1,381–1,400 publications: 17 scientists 1,401–1,420 publications: 21 scientists 1,421–1,440 publications: 15 scientists 1,441–1,460 publications: 12 scientists 1,461–1,480 publications: 12 scientists 1,481–1,500 publications: 18 scientists 1,501–1,520 publications: 14 scientists 1,521–1,540 publications: 17 scientists 1,541–1,560 publications: 15 scientists 1,561–1,580 publications: 6 scientists 1,581–1,600 publications: 2 scientists 1,601–1,620 publications: 12 scientists 1,621–1,640 publications: 11 scientists 1,641–1,660 publications: 8 scientists 1,661–1,680 publications: 5 scientists 1,681–1,700 publications: 5 scientists 1,701–1,720 publications: 10 scientists 1,721–1,740 publications: 12 scientists 1,741–1,760 publications: 14 scientists 1,761–1,780 publications: 6 scientists 1,781–1,795 publications: 5 scientists 1,796+ publications: 100 scientists
101–120 publications 1,796+

This scientist: 389 publications — 36th percentile

36% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 1,796 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Medicine scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 20,134 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
101–120 5
121–140 26
141–160 73
161–180 155
181–200 230
201–220 363
221–240 487
241–260 545
261–280 722
281–300 768
301–320 834
321–340 895
341–360 922
361–380 838
381–400 861 389
401–420 918
421–440 806
441–460 771
461–480 751
481–500 713
501–520 617
521–540 610
541–560 537
561–580 504
581–600 509
601–620 396
621–640 386
641–660 371
661–680 340
681–700 336
701–720 307
721–740 259
741–760 230
761–780 228
781–800 217
801–820 204
821–840 186
841–860 177
861–880 155
881–900 139
901–920 145
921–940 116
941–960 133
961–980 91
981–1,000 96
1,001–1,020 77
1,021–1,040 70
1,041–1,060 63
1,061–1,080 77
1,081–1,100 49
1,101–1,120 54
1,121–1,140 49
1,141–1,160 51
1,161–1,180 35
1,181–1,200 39
1,201–1,220 26
1,221–1,240 37
1,241–1,260 36
1,261–1,280 27
1,281–1,300 32
1,301–1,320 28
1,321–1,340 17
1,341–1,360 30
1,361–1,380 28
1,381–1,400 17
1,401–1,420 21
1,421–1,440 15
1,441–1,460 12
1,461–1,480 12
1,481–1,500 18
1,501–1,520 14
1,521–1,540 17
1,541–1,560 15
1,561–1,580 6
1,581–1,600 2
1,601–1,620 12
1,621–1,640 11
1,641–1,660 8
1,661–1,680 5
1,681–1,700 5
1,701–1,720 10
1,721–1,740 12
1,741–1,760 14
1,761–1,780 6
1,781–1,795 5
1,796+ 100
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Gregory F. Ball D-index placement in Medicine in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Medicine scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Gregory F. Ball sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
250 500 750 1,000
Bar chart with 75 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 70–71 to 217+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 1,027. Most scientists, 1,027, have 82–83 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 217 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 92–93 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 70–71 D-Index: 226 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 391 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 574 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 730 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 891 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 972 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 1,027 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 1,003 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 960 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 970 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 922 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 839 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 808 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 779 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 668 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 611 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 630 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 513 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 541 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 445 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 429 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 399 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 393 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 318 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 302 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 287 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 255 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 256 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 252 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 230 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 179 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 168 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 163 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 159 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 134 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 134 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 118 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 109 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 106 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 74 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 79 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 80 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 87 scientists 156–157 D-Index: 57 scientists 158–159 D-Index: 74 scientists 160–161 D-Index: 69 scientists 162–163 D-Index: 60 scientists 164–165 D-Index: 53 scientists 166–167 D-Index: 39 scientists 168–169 D-Index: 42 scientists 170–171 D-Index: 32 scientists 172–173 D-Index: 39 scientists 174–175 D-Index: 40 scientists 176–177 D-Index: 28 scientists 178–179 D-Index: 19 scientists 180–181 D-Index: 23 scientists 182–183 D-Index: 31 scientists 184–185 D-Index: 18 scientists 186–187 D-Index: 20 scientists 188–189 D-Index: 22 scientists 190–191 D-Index: 13 scientists 192–193 D-Index: 21 scientists 194–195 D-Index: 12 scientists 196–197 D-Index: 12 scientists 198–199 D-Index: 14 scientists 200–201 D-Index: 15 scientists 202–203 D-Index: 13 scientists 204–205 D-Index: 10 scientists 206–207 D-Index: 8 scientists 208–209 D-Index: 4 scientists 210–211 D-Index: 12 scientists 212–213 D-Index: 11 scientists 214–215 D-Index: 10 scientists 216 D-Index: 4 scientists 217+ D-Index: 98 scientists
70–71 D-Index 217+

This scientist: 92 D-Index — 45th percentile

45% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 217 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Medicine scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 20,134 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
70–71 226
72–73 391
74–75 574
76–77 730
78–79 891
80–81 972
82–83 1,027
84–85 1,003
86–87 960
88–89 970
90–91 922
92–93 839 92
94–95 808
96–97 779
98–99 668
100–101 611
102–103 630
104–105 513
106–107 541
108–109 445
110–111 429
112–113 399
114–115 393
116–117 318
118–119 302
120–121 287
122–123 255
124–125 256
126–127 252
128–129 230
130–131 179
132–133 168
134–135 163
136–137 159
138–139 134
140–141 134
142–143 118
144–145 109
146–147 106
148–149 74
150–151 79
152–153 80
154–155 87
156–157 57
158–159 74
160–161 69
162–163 60
164–165 53
166–167 39
168–169 42
170–171 32
172–173 39
174–175 40
176–177 28
178–179 19
180–181 23
182–183 31
184–185 18
186–187 20
188–189 22
190–191 13
192–193 21
194–195 12
196–197 12
198–199 14
200–201 15
202–203 13
204–205 10
206–207 8
208–209 4
210–211 12
212–213 11
214–215 10
216 4
217+ 98
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Overview

Gregory F. Ball is affiliated with the University of Maryland, College Park in the United States. Their research spans multiple scientific fields, primarily focused on aspects of animal behavior, neurobiology, and ecology. The main fields of study include Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Agricultural and Biological Sciences; and Environmental Science.

Their work extensively covers several subfields, notably Developmental Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Social Psychology, and Genetics. These subfields highlight a broad scope of research interests centered on the biological and behavioral complexities of animals.

The main topics addressed in their research are Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior, Animal Behavior and Reproduction, Marine Animal Studies Overview, Neuroendocrine Regulation and Behavior, Avian Ecology and Behavior, Plant and Animal Studies, and Genetic Diversity and Population Structure. This thematic diversity reflects an interdisciplinary approach integrating behavior, ecology, and genetics.

Gregory F. Ball has published in several scientific venues. Frequent publication outlets include Hormones and Behavior, bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Scientific Reports, Physiology & Behavior, and Research Square. These venues show a strong presence in behavioral endocrinology and open-access preprint platforms.

The following recent papers illustrate their research focus and venue presence:

  • The singing question: re-conceptualizing birdsong, 2021, Biological Reviews/Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
  • Development of Perineuronal Nets during Ontogeny Correlates with Sensorimotor Vocal Learning in Canaries, 2020, eNeuro
  • Sex differences in seasonal brain plasticity and the neuroendocrine regulation of vocal behavior in songbirds, 2022, Hormones and Behavior
  • Discrimination of natural acoustic variation in vocal signals, 2021, Scientific Reports
  • Effects of Inactivation of the Periaqueductal Gray on Song Production in Testosterone-Treated Male Canaries (Serinus canaria), 2020, eNeuro

Collaborations are a significant aspect of Gregory F. Ball's work, with frequent coauthors including Jacques Balthazart, Charlotte A. Cornil, Chelsea M. Haakenson, Nora H. Prior, and Ednei B. dos Santos. These partnerships signal interdisciplinary efforts within the domains of neurobiology and animal behavior.

Best Publications

  • The "Challenge Hypothesis": Theoretical Implications for Patterns of Testosterone Secretion, Mating Systems, and Breeding Strategies

    John C. Wingfield;Robert E. Hegner;Alfred M. Dufty;Gregory F. Ball

  • Revised Nomenclature for Avian Telencephalon and Some Related Brainstem Nuclei

    Anton Reiner;David J. Perkel;Laura L. Bruce;Ann B. Butler

  • Avian brains and a new understanding of vertebrate brain evolution

    Erich David Jarvis;Onur Güntürkün;Laura Bruce;András Csillag

  • Photoperiodic Control of Seasonality in Birds

    Alistair Dawson;Verdun M. King;George E. Bentley;George E. Bentley;Gregory F. Ball

  • Sex Differences in the Brain: The Not So Inconvenient Truth

    Margaret M. McCarthy;Arthur P. Arnold;Gregory F. Ball;Jeffrey D. Blaustein

  • Testosterone and Aggression in Birds

    John C. Wingfield;Gregory F. Ball;Alfred M. Dufty;Robert E. Hegner

  • Is brain estradiol a hormone or a neurotransmitter

    Jacques Balthazart;Gregory F. Ball

  • New insights into the regulation and function of brain estrogen synthase (aromatase)

    Jacques Balthazart;Gregory F. Ball

  • Effects of testosterone on cell-mediated and humoral immunity in non-breeding adult European starlings

    Deborah L. Duffy;George E. Bentley;Deborah L. Drazen;Gregory F. Ball

  • The role of sex steroids in the acquisition and production of birdsong

    Peter Marler;Susan Peters;Gregory F. Ball;Alfred M. Dufty

  • Immunocytochemical localization of androgen receptors in the male songbird and quail brain.

    Jacques Balthazart;Agnes Foidart;Elizabeth M. Wilson;Gregory F. Ball

  • Neuroendocrinology of song behavior and avian brain plasticity: multiple sites of action of sex steroid hormones.

    Gregory F. Ball;Lauren V. Riters;Jacques Balthazart

  • Sexual differentiation of brain and behavior in birds

    Jacques Balthazart;Gregory F. Ball

  • Functional significance of the rapid regulation of brain estrogen action: Where do the estrogens come from?

    Charlotte A. Cornil;Gregory F. Ball;Jacques Balthazart

  • Changes in Plasma Levels of Luteinizing Hormone and Sex Steroid Hormones in Relation to Multiple-Broodedness and Nest-Site Density in Male Starlings

    Gregory F. Ball;John C. Wingfield

  • Testosterone and avian life histories: The effect of experimentally elevated testosterone on corticosterone and body mass in dark-eyed juncos

    Ellen D Ketterson;Val Nolan;Licia Wolf;Charles Ziegenfus;Charles Ziegenfus;Charles Ziegenfus

  • Lesions to the medial preoptic area affect singing in the male European starling (Sturnus vulgaris).

    Lauren V. Riters;Gregory F. Ball

  • Topography in the preoptic region: differential regulation of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviors.

    Jacques Balthazart;Gregory F. Ball

  • Rapid control of brain aromatase activity by glutamatergic inputs.

    Jacques Balthazart;Michelle Baillien;Gregory F. Ball

  • Androgen receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, and estrogen receptor beta show distinct patterns of expression in forebrain song control nuclei of European starlings.

    Daniel J. Bernard;George E. Bentley;Jacques Balthazart;Fred W. Turek

Frequent Co-Authors

Jacques Balthazart
Jacques Balthazart University of Liège
Charlotte Cornil
Charlotte Cornil University of Liège
Thierry Charlier
Thierry Charlier Université de Rennes
Thomas P. Hahn
Thomas P. Hahn University of California, Davis
Scott A. MacDougall-Shackleton
Scott A. MacDougall-Shackleton University of Western Ontario
George E. Bentley
George E. Bentley University of California, Berkeley
John C. Wingfield
John C. Wingfield University of California, Davis
Nobuhiro Harada
Nobuhiro Harada Fujita Health University
Claudio V. Mello
Claudio V. Mello Oregon Health & Science University
Stewart H. Hulse
Stewart H. Hulse Johns Hopkins University

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