2026 Easiest Criminal Justice Degree Programs

by Imed Bouchrika, PhD

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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What can I expect from a criminal justice degree?

• Curriculum Overview: A criminal justice degree is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal system, criminal behavior, and law enforcement practices. It also develops critical thinking, problem-solving, decision-making, communication, and interpersonal skills.
• Tuition Costs: The cost of a criminal justice degree varies depending on the institution and program format (online or on-campus). The lowest tuition it can get is around $3,000 per year for an associate degree at community colleges. For a bachelor's degree, expect to pay $9,000-$20,000 per year for at public universities, $30,000–$60,000 per year at private universities, and $8,000–$20,000 per year in online programs.
• Program Length: The time it takes to complete a criminal justice degree depends on the level of study and program format, but the typical length is 2-4 years.

Where can I work with a criminal justice degree?

A criminal justice degree opens doors to diverse career paths across various sectors. Graduates often find employment in law enforcement as police officers, detectives, or federal agents in agencies like the FBI, DEA, or Homeland Security. Opportunities also exist in corrections and rehabilitation, where roles like probation officers, correctional counselors, or parole officers involve supervising offenders and facilitating their reintegration into society. The legal system provides avenues such as court administrators, legal assistants, or victim advocates, where professionals can support justice and help those affected by crime. Additionally, forensic science and cybersecurity careers are growing, with roles like forensic analysts or cybercrime investigators offering exciting, high-demand options for tech-savvy individuals.

Beyond traditional roles, criminal justice graduates can work in private security, corporate risk management, or emergency management. Nonprofit organizations often seek professionals for roles in community outreach, advocacy, or policy reform. Specialized fields like homeland security, counterterrorism, or international criminal justice offer opportunities for those interested in protecting national security or working in global contexts. Whether in public service, private industry, or international organizations, a criminal justice degree provides the skills and knowledge needed to pursue a meaningful and impactful career.

In today’s evolving job market, graduates can further enhance their career prospects by considering specialized studies. For those interested in roles that focus on national safety and emergency preparedness, exploring the best homeland security degree programs can be a strategic move. This specialized training not only reinforces core criminal justice skills but also paves the way for opportunities in federal agencies and private security sectors dedicated to protecting our communities.

How much can I make with a criminal justice degree?

The earning potential with a criminal justice degree varies widely depending on the role, location, and level of experience. Entry-level positions, such as patrol officers or probation officers, typically offer median salaries of around $60,000–$70,000 per year, with opportunities for overtime and advancement. Roles in specialized fields like crime scene technicians and cybercrime analysts command higher salaries, averaging $64,000–$90,000 annually, reflecting the demand for technical expertise. Federal positions, such as FBI agents or homeland security officers, often come with salaries ranging from $80,000 to $129,000, alongside excellent benefits and retirement packages. Additionally, professionals who advance to leadership roles, like police chiefs or security directors, can earn six-figure salaries.

Location and specialization significantly impact salary potential. Criminal justice professionals in metropolitan areas or high-demand states often earn more due to cost-of-living adjustments and higher crime rates. Advanced degrees or certifications, such as a master’s in criminal justice or certifications in cybersecurity, can further boost earning potential.

Easiest Criminal Justice Degree Programs for 2026

Choosing an “easy” criminal justice degree should not mean choosing a weak program. For most students, the easier path is a program with flexible scheduling, clear admissions requirements, online access, transfer-friendly policies, predictable costs, and recognized accreditation. This guide is for working adults, first-time college students, transfer students, military learners, and career changers who want a criminal justice degree that is accessible without sacrificing credibility.

Below, you will find a practical comparison of criminal justice bachelor’s programs, how long each degree level can take, what online study changes, how costs and financial aid work, which specializations may fit different career goals, and what to check before enrolling. The goal is to help you choose a program that matches your schedule, budget, academic background, and long-term career plans.

Quick answer: What makes a criminal justice degree easier to complete?

The easiest criminal justice degree programs are usually online or hybrid bachelor’s programs with multiple start dates, generous transfer credit policies, asynchronous classes, clear degree plans, and regional accreditation. A program may feel easier to manage if it lets you study around work, apply previous credits, choose a practical concentration, and avoid unnecessary campus requirements. However, students should still expect substantial reading, writing, research, ethics coursework, and applied criminal justice analysis.

How do we rank schools?

Research.com evaluates criminal justice programs using available education data and school information from sources such as the IPEDS database, Peterson's Distance Learning Licensed Data Set, the College Scorecard database, and the National Center for Education Statistics. We prioritize practical factors that matter to students: accreditation, program format, cost information, completion requirements, concentration options, and flexibility for adult learners.

You can read more about our data practices in the Research.com methodology section, which explains how we collect, compare, and review education-related information.

Best-fit comparison of accessible criminal justice bachelor’s programs

1. Purdue Global, Online BS in Criminal Justice

Purdue Global offers an online BS in Criminal Justice built for adults who need a degree plan that can fit around employment, family responsibilities, or prior college credit. The curriculum emphasizes applied criminal justice concepts in areas such as law enforcement, public safety, and homeland security.

• Program Length: 3-4 years
• Track/Concentration: Law Enforcement, Forensic Psychology, and Homeland Security
• Cost Per Term: $2,500
• Required Units: 180 quarter credits
• Accreditation: Higher Learning Commission (HLC)

2. University of Phoenix, Online BS in Criminal Justice Administration

The University of Phoenix offers a BS in Criminal Justice Administration that introduces students to the major agencies, processes, and management issues within the American criminal justice system. Its online format may appeal to students who want a career-oriented curriculum and a predictable course structure.

• Program Length: 3-4 years
• Tracks/Concentrations: Management, Security, and Law Enforcement
• Cost: $398 per credit
• Required Units: 120 semester credits
• Accreditation: HLC

3. Kean University, BA in Criminal Justice

Kean University offers a BA in Criminal Justice with coursework in policing, courts, corrections, and related justice issues. Students who prefer more direct campus-based support, community engagement, and internship opportunities may find this program a better fit than a fully online option.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Track/Concentration: General Criminal Justice and Forensic Psychology
• Tuition: starts at $12,972
• Required Credits: 120 semester credits
• Accreditation: Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE)

4. Walden University, Online BS in Criminal Justice

Walden University provides an online BS in Criminal Justice with an emphasis on justice systems, social impact, and practical scenarios. The program may suit students who want to compare self-paced and instructor-led formats before committing to a study model.

• Program Length: Typically 3-4 years, with an option for an accelerated path
• Track/Concentration: Advanced Topics in Criminal Justice, Corrections and Human Services, Crime and Criminal Investigation, and more
• Tuition: $12,000 (self-paced); $46,000 (instructor-led)
• Required Units: 181
• Accreditation: HLC

5. Liberty University, Online BS in Criminal Justice

Liberty University offers an online BS in Science in Criminal Justice that combines criminal justice theory, applied skills, and Christian principles. With eight-week courses and several start dates, it may work well for students who want shorter course blocks rather than a traditional semester rhythm.

• Program Length: 3.5 years
• Track/Concentration: General, Homeland Security, Crime Scene Investigation, and Public Administration
• Tuition: $390 per credit
• Required Credits: 120 semester credits
• Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)

6. Florida State College at Jacksonville, BS in Public Safety Management-Criminal Justice

FSCJ offers a BS in Public Safety Management with a Criminal Justice focus. The degree combines public safety, administration, and criminal justice coursework, which may be useful for students who want to move toward supervisory or management responsibilities.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Track/Concentration: Criminal Justice
• Estimated Tuition: $12,586
• Required Units: 120 semester credits
• Accreditation: SACSCOC

7. Southern New Hampshire University, Online BS in Criminal Justice

SNHU offers an online BS in Criminal Justice designed for students who need flexible access and career-relevant coursework. The program includes multiple start dates and no set class times, which can make it easier for students who work irregular hours.

• Program Length: 3.5-4 years
• Track/Concentration: Homeland Security & Counterterrorism, Police Administration & Operations, Substance Abuse, and more
• Cost: $330 per credit
• Required Units: 120 semester credits
• Accreditation: New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE)

8. American InterContinental University, Online BS in Criminal Justice

AIU offers an online BS in Criminal Justice with accelerated study options. Students take coursework in areas such as criminology, law enforcement, and corrections while selecting concentrations aligned with their professional interests.

• Program Length: 3 years
• Track/Concentration: Corrections, Forensic Science, and Law Enforcement
• Estimated Tuition: $365 per credit
• Required Credits: 180
• Accreditation: HLC

9. Colorado State University Global, Online BS in Criminal Justice

CSU Global offers an online BS in Criminal Justice with coursework connected to FEMA, the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, and the International Association of Emergency Managers. Students can pursue FEMA credits and certificates while adding specializations that support their career goals.

• Program Length: 3-4 years
• Tracks/Concentrations: Leadership, Criminology, and Public Policy
• Tuition: $375 per credit
• Required Credit: 120 semester credits
• Accreditation: HLC

10. University of Maryland Global Campus, BS in Criminal Justice

UMGC offers a BS in Criminal Justice for adult students who want flexible delivery. The program covers law enforcement, corrections, and broader criminal justice systems and can be completed onsite, online, or through a hybrid format.

• Program Length: 3-4 years
• Tracks/Concentrations: General Criminal Justice
• Tuition: $312-$499
• Required Credit: 120 semester credits
• Accreditation: Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE)

How long does it take to complete a criminal justice degree?

The time required depends on the degree level, enrollment status, transfer credits, and whether the school offers accelerated or self-paced courses. Students comparing programs through the best online colleges for working adults should pay close attention to transfer rules, course availability, and maximum course loads because these details can shorten or extend the timeline.

A bachelor’s degree timeline in criminal justice is similar to many other fields. For example, students asking how long it takes to earn a bachelor’s degree in public health will often see the same general 3-4 years on average for full-time study.

How does an online criminal justice degree compare to an on-campus program?

An online criminal justice degree can be a strong option if the program is accredited, well-supported, and aligned with your career goals. The main difference is not necessarily what you study, but how you access classes, interact with faculty, complete assignments, and build professional connections.

Students increasingly look for programs that combine accessible admissions with flexible learning. That trend is visible beyond criminal justice as well; for instance, applicants researching easy BSW online programs to get into often want the same combination of manageable entry requirements, practical coursework, and online support.

What is the average cost of a criminal justice degree?

The cost of a criminal justice degree varies widely by school type, residency status, online or campus format, transfer credits, and degree level. Online programs can be a budget-friendly option for some students, but the cheapest listed tuition is not always the lowest total cost. Students should also compare fees, books, technology requirements, internship expenses, and financial aid eligibility. For a deeper cost comparison, see Research.com’s guide to affordable online criminal justice degrees.

• Associate Degree: Costs range from $3,000 to $10,000 per year at community colleges. This can be one of the least expensive ways to begin criminal justice study, especially for students who later transfer credits into a bachelor’s program.
• Bachelor’s Degree: Tuition at public universities typically falls between $9,000 and $22,000 per year for in-state students, while out-of-state and private colleges can cost $30,000 to $60,000 per year. Online bachelor's programs average $8,000 to $20,000 annually.
• Master’s Degree: Tuition for master’s programs ranges from $10,000 to $40,000 total. Online formats may help students continue working while studying, which can affect the overall return on investment.
• Additional Costs: Textbooks, technology fees, background checks, travel for field placements, and internship-related expenses can increase the final price. Financial aid, scholarships, and employer tuition reimbursement may reduce out-of-pocket costs.

What are the financial aid options for students enrolling in a criminal justice degree?

Financial aid can make a criminal justice degree more realistic, whether you enroll in a bachelor’s program or begin at online colleges for associate's degree. Start with federal aid if eligible, then compare school scholarships, state grants, employer assistance, professional association awards, and public safety-related scholarships.

• Ritchie-Jennings Memorial Scholarship: Offered by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), this scholarship supports students pursuing fraud examination careers. It provides a full-year ACFE membership and awards $2,000 to $10,000.
• Women in Federal Law Enforcement (WIFLE) Scholarship: WIFLE supports women preparing for federal law enforcement and related careers. Awards range from $2,500 to $3,000 for female students pursuing criminal justice or related degrees.
• Educational Benefits for Line of Duty Survivors: The Police Officer Assistance Trust provides education assistance to surviving family members of officers who died in the line of duty. Support ranges from $3,000-$8,000 per semester, quarter, to term, depending on the degree type.
• Vermont Police Association Scholarships: These scholarships support Vermont students pursuing law enforcement education. Applicants must attend an accredited institution approved for federal Title IV funding and show financial need.

What are the prerequisites for enrolling in a criminal justice degree?

Admissions requirements vary by institution and degree level, so applicants should verify the exact checklist for each school. In general, criminal justice programs look for academic readiness, basic communication skills, and, in some cases, suitability for field placements that involve public agencies or vulnerable populations.

• High School Diploma or Equivalent: Associate and bachelor’s programs generally require a high school diploma or GED. Some schools may review high school coursework in areas such as English and social studies.
• Minimum GPA Requirements: Many colleges set minimum GPA expectations between 2.0 to 3.0. A stronger academic record may also improve eligibility for scholarships or honors opportunities.
• Standardized Test Scores: Some bachelor’s programs may request SAT or ACT scores, although many schools now use test-optional admissions policies.
• Background Check: Programs with internships, practicums, or agency placements may require a background check. A criminal record does not automatically prevent enrollment at every school, but it can affect placement eligibility and some career options.
• Prerequisite Coursework for Advanced Degrees: Master’s programs and doctoral options, including the easiest PhD to get in related fields, may require previous coursework in criminal justice, sociology, psychology, statistics, or another relevant area.

What courses are typically in a criminal justice degree?

A criminal justice curriculum introduces students to the structure of the justice system, theories of crime, legal rules, ethical responsibilities, and the social context of public safety. Strong programs also require students to practice writing reports, analyzing evidence, interpreting policy, and applying legal concepts to real-world scenarios.

• Introduction to Criminal Justice: This course surveys law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the major debates that shape justice policy and public safety work.
• Criminology: Students examine why crime occurs by studying social, psychological, economic, and environmental explanations for criminal behavior.
• Criminal Law: This class explains how criminal statutes work, what elements must be proven, and how defenses may apply in different cases.
• Ethics in Criminal Justice: Students analyze professional dilemmas involving discretion, use of force, bias, accountability, confidentiality, and integrity.
• Constitutional Law: Coursework focuses on constitutional protections that shape investigations, arrests, due process, search and seizure, and self-incrimination.

These subjects also explain why criminal justice can be useful preparation for law-related study and some political science careers. Students interested in law school should still confirm admissions expectations and prerequisite recommendations with the schools they plan to apply to.

Larceny or theft is the most common crime in the U.S., as shown in the table below.

What types of specializations are available in criminal justice degrees?

Specializations help students connect a broad criminal justice degree to a more specific career direction. The best choice depends on whether you want to work in public safety, investigations, corrections, policy, victim services, cybercrime, or emergency management.

How do you choose the best criminal justice degree?

The best criminal justice degree is the one that is accredited, affordable for your situation, realistic for your schedule, and aligned with the jobs you may actually pursue. Avoid choosing solely because a program is advertised as fast or easy. A convenient program still needs strong academic support, transparent costs, and credible career preparation.

• Start with your career goal: Decide whether you are more interested in policing, corrections, federal service, forensic science, cybercrime, public policy, or administration. Your goal should guide your concentration and internship choices.
• Verify accreditation: Confirm that the institution is accredited by a recognized accrediting body such as HLC or a regional equivalent. Some criminal justice programs may also seek recognition from the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences.
• Check internship and fieldwork access: Ask whether online students can complete internships locally and whether the school helps students secure placements.
• Review faculty experience: Look for instructors with academic expertise, agency experience, legal knowledge, research backgrounds, or specialized experience in areas such as cybercrime or corrections.
• Compare outcomes carefully: Graduation rates, retention, student support, and alumni career information can help you evaluate quality. Students comparing broader online options can also review top rated online universities to understand how institutions differ.

What skills are employers looking for in criminal justice graduates?

Employers typically value graduates who can communicate clearly, evaluate evidence, write accurate reports, interpret policy, use sound judgment, and act ethically under pressure. Technology skills are becoming more important as agencies and private employers use data systems, digital evidence tools, cybersecurity practices, and case management platforms. Students who complete a criminal law degree online or a related criminal justice program should look for coursework that develops both practical field awareness and strong analytical writing.

• Written communication: Report writing, case summaries, policy memos, and documentation are central in many justice roles.
• Critical thinking: Graduates must compare facts, recognize assumptions, and make decisions based on evidence.
• Ethical judgment: Criminal justice work often involves authority, discretion, privacy, and public trust.
• Conflict resolution: Many roles require de-escalation, active listening, and communication with people in stressful situations.
• Technology literacy: Digital records, online investigations, body camera systems, cybersecurity issues, and data analysis increasingly affect the field.

What career paths are available for graduates of criminal justice degrees?

A criminal justice degree can lead to roles in public agencies, courts, corrections, homeland security, investigations, victim services, compliance, private security, and technology-driven crime prevention. Requirements vary widely. Some positions require academy training, civil service exams, background investigations, physical fitness standards, specialized certifications, or graduate education in addition to the degree.

• Police Officer or Detective: These professionals enforce laws, respond to incidents, investigate crimes, and work with communities and legal teams.
• Forensic Science Technician: Forensic technicians process and analyze evidence such as fingerprints, DNA, and ballistic materials to support investigations.
• Probation Officer or Correctional Specialist: Probation officers supervise individuals in the community, while correctional specialists help manage correctional environments and rehabilitation programs.
• Federal Agent (FBI, DEA, or Homeland Security): Federal agents investigate violations of federal law and may specialize in counterterrorism, drug enforcement, cybercrime, or national security.
• Cybercrime Investigator: Cybercrime investigators examine digital offenses such as hacking, identity theft, online fraud, and other technology-enabled crimes.

What is the job market for graduates with criminal justice degrees?

The criminal justice job market includes both traditional protective service roles and specialized positions in technology, investigations, compliance, corporate security, emergency management, and public administration. According to the available BLS information cited below, protective service occupations are forecasted to open 419,300 vacancies in the next 10 years, despite limited job growth.

Police and detective roles are projected to see 4% employment growth through 2033. Demand can vary by location, agency budget, retirements, local crime trends, and public policy priorities. Students should compare national data with hiring conditions in the state, county, or agency where they plan to work.

Specialized areas such as cybercrime investigation, digital forensics, corporate security, risk management, and emergency preparedness may appeal to students who want to combine criminal justice knowledge with technology, analytics, or private-sector experience.

A recent study shows that U.S. crime rates continue to decline, and preliminary data suggest crime hit a 60-year low in 2023.

What professional certifications can enhance your criminal justice career?

Certifications can help criminal justice graduates demonstrate focused skills beyond the degree. They may be especially useful in fraud examination, cyber investigations, forensic analysis, emergency management, corrections, and leadership roles. Before paying for a certification, check whether employers in your target field ask for it, recognize it, or prefer experience instead. Students comparing credentials can also review Research.com’s guide to certifications that may lead to stronger pay outcomes.

What do graduates say about criminal justice degrees?

Which criminal justice degree specializations can lead to higher salaries?

Specializations tied to technical, investigative, federal, or leadership skills may support access to higher-paying roles, but salary outcomes are never guaranteed. Students who want to pursue the highest paying criminal justice jobs should compare job requirements carefully and look for programs with relevant coursework, internships, certifications, and employer connections. Digital forensics, cybersecurity, fraud examination, homeland security, emergency management, and public administration are examples of areas where specialized skills may matter.

How can advanced education boost career prospects in criminal justice?

Advanced education can help professionals qualify for supervisory, policy, research, teaching, or specialized roles. A master’s degree or targeted graduate certificate may strengthen expertise in areas such as criminology, emergency management, forensic psychology, cybercrime, or public administration. For students who want a shorter graduate pathway, one year master's programs online may be worth comparing, as long as the program is accredited and realistic for the student’s schedule.

Is a master’s degree in criminal justice worth the investment?

A master’s degree in criminal justice can be worth it for professionals seeking leadership, policy, federal, research, teaching, or specialized roles. It may be less useful if your target job values academy training, field experience, agency credentials, or technical certifications more than graduate education. Before enrolling, compare total cost, employer requirements, tuition reimbursement options, and the types of roles graduates actually obtain. Research.com’s guide to top paying masters degrees can help you compare graduate education from a broader return-on-investment perspective.

How can accelerated online criminal justice programs fast track your career?

Accelerated online criminal justice programs compress coursework into shorter terms or allow students to move faster through requirements. They can help motivated students finish sooner, reduce time away from the workforce, or build credentials while continuing to work. The trade-off is intensity: accelerated courses often require consistent weekly study, strong time management, and comfort with independent learning. Students comparing the fastest online bachelor degree options should ask whether credits transfer, whether courses are always available, and whether the pace is sustainable.

How can real-world experience and networking propel your criminal justice career?

Criminal justice hiring often depends on more than coursework. Internships, volunteer work, ride-alongs where available, campus public safety roles, victim advocacy experience, security work, research projects, and professional mentorship can help students test career interests and build references. Networking with faculty, alumni, agency representatives, and local public safety organizations can also help students learn which roles fit their strengths. Students comparing broader career-focused education options can review best-paying degrees online, but should still prioritize programs that provide relevant field exposure.

How do accreditation and financial aid impact criminal justice programs?

Accreditation is one of the most important checks before enrolling. It can affect credit transfer, federal financial aid access, graduate school admission, and employer confidence in the degree. Financial aid also matters because criminal justice salaries, job requirements, and hiring timelines vary by role and location. Students who need federal aid should verify that the institution is eligible and may compare accredited online colleges that accept FAFSA as part of their cost planning.

What role can vocational training play in a criminal justice career?

Vocational training can be useful for students who want focused, hands-on preparation for specific public safety, security, emergency response, or technical roles. It may also complement a degree by adding practical skills such as investigation procedures, emergency operations, corrections training, cybersecurity basics, or evidence handling. Students who prefer shorter, skills-based options should compare these paths with degree programs and review trade school careers that pay well to understand alternative routes into stable employment.

Questions to ask before choosing a criminal justice program

• Is the institution regionally or nationally accredited by a recognized accreditor?
• Will the program accept my previous college credits, military training, academy training, or professional experience?
• Can online students complete internships or fieldwork near where they live?
• What background check, technology, or residency requirements apply?
• Are courses asynchronous, synchronous, self-paced, or term-based?
• What is the total estimated cost through graduation, including fees?
• Does the concentration match the roles I want after graduation?
• What career services are available to online and adult students?
• Do target employers require additional academy training, certification, licensure, or physical qualifications?

What emerging trends are shaping criminal justice education and careers?

Criminal justice education is changing as agencies and employers respond to digital evidence, cybersecurity threats, data analysis, public accountability, emergency preparedness, and evolving law enforcement practices. More programs now include courses or electives in digital forensics, cybercrime, intelligence analysis, emergency management, and technology-supported investigation. Simulation-based training and virtual learning tools may also help students practice decision-making before entering field settings. Students who want to strengthen their profiles without committing to another degree can compare targeted credentials, including top paying certificate programs, to see whether a shorter credential fits their career goals.

References:

• BLS. (2024, August 29). Police and Detectives. Retrieved January 6, 2025, from BLS.
• BLS. (2024, August 29). Protective Service Occupations. Retrieved January 6, 2025, from BLS.
• Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2024, December). Prisons Report Series: Preliminary Data Release, 2023. Retrieved January 6, 2025, from BJS.
• Santiago, E. (2024, April 19). 10 Criminal Justice Majors and Jobs You Can Pursue. Retrieved January 6, 2025, from Indeed.

Key Insights

• The easiest criminal justice degree is usually the most manageable one for your life: accredited, flexible, transfer-friendly, affordable, and well-supported.
• Online programs can be just as credible as campus programs when they are properly accredited, but students must verify internships, support services, and employer expectations.
• Bachelor’s programs commonly require 120 semester credits, though some schools use quarter credits or different unit systems.
• Costs vary widely, so compare total cost through graduation rather than judging programs by tuition alone.
• Specializations such as cybercrime, digital forensics, homeland security, corrections, criminology, and public safety management should be chosen based on your target career path.
• A criminal justice degree may open doors, but many roles also require background checks, academy training, agency-specific qualifications, certifications, or field experience.
• Before enrolling, ask about accreditation, transfer credits, course scheduling, financial aid, internships, and graduate outcomes. Those details often determine whether a program is truly easy to complete.