World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Immunology

D-Index
58
Citations
15194
World Ranking
3487
National Ranking
301

William F. Carman publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where William F. Carman sits on this spectrum.

62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 68 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientists 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62 publications 807+

This scientist: 185 publications — 29th percentile

29% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

William F. Carman D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where William F. Carman sits on this spectrum.

40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 162 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 58 D-Index — 30th percentile

30% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

Overview

William F. Carman is affiliated with the University of Glasgow in the United Kingdom. Their research primarily focuses on medicine, with specific attention to epidemiology, health, emergency medicine, and human-computer interaction. The breadth of their work covers both public health concerns and the application of technology in healthcare settings.

The main topics explored by Carman include:

  • Chronic Disease Management Strategies
  • Health disparities and outcomes
  • Emergency and Acute Care Studies
  • Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts

Carman's research contributions have appeared in a range of scholarly venues. Notable publication venues include:

  • BMJ Open
  • Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

Noteworthy recent papers authored by Carman are:

  • Epidemiology of physical-mental multimorbidity and its impact among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in Australia: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample (2022, BMJ Open)
  • Initial validation of the GUESS-18 for usability in virtual reality gaming environments: a pilot study (2023, Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science)

Their work spans interdisciplinary fields combining traditional medical research with emerging technologies such as virtual reality. This is evident in their studies on chronic disease management and health disparities as well as in their investigation of virtual reality usability in gaming environments relevant to health and ergonomics.

Carman collaborates with various researchers across multiple topics. Frequent co-authors include:

  • Marie Ishida
  • Justin Trounson
  • Stewart W Mercer
  • Kanya Anindya
  • Grace Sum

Best Publications

  • MUTATION PREVENTING FORMATION OF HEPATITIS B e ANTIGEN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION

    W.F Carman;S Hadziyannis;M.J Mcgarvey;M.R Jacyna

  • Vaccine-induced escape mutant of hepatitis B virus

    W.F. Carman;P. Karayiannis;J. Waters;H.C. Thomas

  • Effects of influenza vaccination of health-care workers on mortality of elderly people in long-term care: a randomised controlled trial

    William F Carman;Alexander G Elder;Lesley A Wallace;Karen McAulay

  • Cellular immune correlates of protection against symptomatic pandemic influenza

    Saranya Sridhar;Shaima Begom;Alison Bermingham;Katja Hoschler

  • Influenza Vaccination of Health Care Workers in Long-Term-Care Hospitals Reduces the Mortality of Elderly Patients

    J. Potter;D. J. Stott;M. A. Roberts;A. G. Elder

  • Nomenclature for antiviral‐resistant human hepatitis B virus mutations in the polymerase region

    Lieven J. Stuyver;Stephen A. Locarnini;Anna Lok;Douglas D. Richman

  • The clinical significance of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B virus

    W. F. Carman

  • Incidence and recall of influenza in a cohort of Glasgow healthcare workers during the 1993–4 epidemic: results of serum testing and questionnaire

    Alexander G Elder;Barbara O'Donnell;Elizabeth A B McCruden;Ian S Symington

  • Loss of the common "A" determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen by a vaccine-induced escape mutant.

    J A Waters;M Kennedy;P Voet;P Hauser

  • Does a betaretrovirus infection trigger primary biliary cirrhosis

    Lizhe Xu;Zhiwei Shen;Linsheng Guo;Brent Fodera

  • Fulminant reactivation of hepatitis B due to envelope protein mutant that escaped detection by monoclonal HBsAg ELISA.

    W.F. Carman;J. Korula;L. Wallace;R. MacPhee

  • Hepatitis B virus envelope variation after transplantation with and without hepatitis B immune globulin prophylaxis

    W. F. Carman;C. Trautwein;F. J. Van Deursen;K. Colman

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in health care workers (HCWs): guidelines for prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV from HCW to patients.

    RN Gunson;D Shouval;M Roggendorf;H Zaaijer

  • Combination therapy with lamivudine and famciclovir for chronic hepatitis B-infected Chinese patients: a viral dynamics study.

    George Ka-Kit K. Lau;Manuel Tsiang;Jinlin Hou;Siu-Tsan Yuen

  • Association of a precore genomic variant of hepatitis B virus with fulminant hepatitis.

    William F. Carman;Elizabeth A. Fagan;Stephanos Hadziyannis;Peter Karayianni

  • Viral genetic variation: hepatitis B virus as a clinical example.

    W. Carman;H. Thomas;E. Domingo

  • The prevalence of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B virus in Papua New Guinea, South Africa, and Sardinia

    W F Carman;F J Van Deursen;L T Mimms;D Hardie

  • Real-time RT-PCR detection of 12 respiratory viral infections in four triplex reactions

    Unknown

  • Progression of whole-blood transcriptional signatures from interferon-induced to neutrophil-associated patterns in severe influenza

    Jake Dunning;Jake Dunning;Simon Blankley;Long T. Hoang;Mike Cox

  • Reactivity of 13 in vitro expressed hepatitis B surface antigen variants in 7 commercial diagnostic assays.

    Jacqueline H. Ireland;Barbara O'Donnell;Ashraf A. Basuni;Joy D. Kean

  • Effectiveness of pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 infection in England and Scotland 2009-2010.

    P. Hardelid;D.M. Fleming;J. McMenamin;N. Andrews

Frequent Co-Authors

Howard C. Thomas
Howard C. Thomas Imperial College London
Kate Templeton
Kate Templeton NHS Lothian
Stephanos J. Hadziyannis
Stephanos J. Hadziyannis National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Chris Robertson
Chris Robertson University of Strathclyde
Peter Karayiannis
Peter Karayiannis University of Nicosia
Stephen Locarnini
Stephen Locarnini Melbourne Health
George K. K. Lau
George K. K. Lau Humanity & Health
Mark Thursz
Mark Thursz Imperial College London
David J. Stott
David J. Stott University of Glasgow
Peter Simmonds
Peter Simmonds University of Oxford

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