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Immunology
UK
2026

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Best Scientists 165 1050 965 104 94 1139 95403
Immunology 170 56 53 3 3 1004 96589

Rino Rappuoli publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Rino Rappuoli between 1984 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Rino Rappuoli published across 42 years, from 1984 to 2025, averaging 29.6 papers a year. Output peaked at 59 publications in 2000. 49 of the 1,244 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
10 20 30 40 50
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1984 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 59. Peak 59 publications in 2000. 1984: 1 publication 1985: 2 publications 1986: 5 publications 1987: 11 publications 1988: 14 publications 1989: 12 publications 1990: 12 publications 1991: 17 publications 1992: 15 publications 1993: 35 publications 1994: 15 publications 1995: 31 publications 1996: 25 publications 1997: 35 publications 1998: 52 publications 1999: 55 publications 2000: 59 publications 2001: 38 publications 2002: 30 publications 2003: 49 publications 2004: 46 publications 2005: 45 publications 2006: 53 publications 2007: 20 publications 2008: 31 publications 2009: 48 publications 2010: 36 publications 2011: 41 publications 2012: 36 publications 2013: 46 publications 2014: 29 publications 2015: 37 publications 2016: 25 publications 2017: 20 publications 2018: 19 publications 2019: 21 publications 2020: 29 publications 2021: 33 publications 2022: 41 publications 2023: 26 publications 2024: 26 publications 2025: 23 publications
1984 2025

1,244 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Rino Rappuoli: publications per year, 1984 to 2025
Year Publications
1984 1
1985 2
1986 5
1987 11
1988 14
1989 12
1990 12
1991 17
1992 15
1993 35
1994 15
1995 31
1996 25
1997 35
1998 52
1999 55
2000 59
2001 38
2002 30
2003 49
2004 46
2005 45
2006 53
2007 20
2008 31
2009 48
2010 36
2011 41
2012 36
2013 46
2014 29
2015 37
2016 25
2017 20
2018 19
2019 21
2020 29
2021 33
2022 41
2023 26
2024 26
2025 23
Total 1,244
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Rino Rappuoli publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Rino Rappuoli sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 807+ publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 1,004 publications — 99th percentile

99% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100 1,004
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Rino Rappuoli D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Rino Rappuoli sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 157+ D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 170 D-Index — 99th percentile

99% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96 170
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Research.com Recognitions

  • 2026 - Research.com Immunology in United Kingdom Leader Award
  • 2025 - Research.com Immunology in United Kingdom Leader Award
  • 2022 - Research.com Immunology in United Kingdom Leader Award
  • 2019 - Robert Koch Prize
  • 2019 - Member of Academia Europaea
  • 2017 - Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
  • 2016 - Fellow of the Royal Society, United Kingdom
  • 2005 - Member of the National Academy of Sciences

Overview

Rino Rappuoli is affiliated with Imperial College London in the United Kingdom. Their research primarily spans the field of Medicine, with significant contributions to several related subfields including Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Immunology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology.

The scientist's work focuses on key topics such as SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research, bacterial infections and vaccines, pneumonia and respiratory infections, viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology, COVID-19 clinical research studies, immunotherapy and immune responses, and Escherichia coli research studies.

Among frequent coauthors are:

  • Emanuele Andreano
  • Mariagrazia Pizza
  • Ida Paciello
  • Claudia Sala
  • Simone Pecetta

Rappuoli's research outputs appear regularly in several publication venues, including:

  • Faculty Opinions - Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • Science Translational Medicine
  • Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

Recent papers include:

  • "The role of vaccines in combatting antimicrobial resistance," 2021, Nature Reviews Microbiology
  • "SARS-CoV-2 escape from a highly neutralizing COVID-19 convalescent plasma," 2021, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • "Adjuvanting a subunit COVID-19 vaccine to induce protective immunity," 2021, Nature
  • "SARS-CoV-2 escapein vitro from a highly neutralizing COVID-19 convalescent plasma," 2020, bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • "Extremely potent human monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients," 2021, Cell

They have also contributed to book publications with titles including:

  • "Three Dimensional Human Organotypic Models for Biomedical Research" (Springer Science+Business Media, 2021)
  • "Vaccines in the Global Era" (WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE) eBooks, 2021)
  • "Le coronavirus et ces microbes qu'il nous faut combattre, première édition" (Frontiers Media, 2022)

Rino Rappuoli has received several awards during their career, such as:

  • Member of Academia Europaea, 2019
  • Robert Koch Prize, 2019
  • Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017
  • Fellow of the Royal Society, United Kingdom, 2016
  • Member of the National Academy of Sciences, 2005

Best Publications

  • Genome analysis of multiple pathogenic isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae: Implications for the microbial “pan-genome”

    Hervé Tettelin;Vega Masignani;Michael J. Cieslewicz;Claudio Donati

  • cag, a pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori, encodes type I-specific and disease-associated virulence factors.

    Stefano Censini;Christina Lange;Zhaoying Xiang;Jean E. Crabtree

  • Identification of vaccine candidates against serogroup B meningococcus by whole-genome sequencing.

    M Pizza;[No Value] Scarlato;[No Value] Masignani;MM Giuliani

  • The microbial pan-genome

    Duccio Medini;Claudio Donati;Hervé Tettelin;Vega Masignani

  • Helicobacter pylori virulence and genetic geography.

    Antonello Covacci;John L. Telford;Giuseppe Del Giudice;Julie Parsonnet

  • Complete Genome Sequence of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B Strain MC58

    Hervé Tettelin;Nigel J. Saunders;John Heidelberg;Alex C. Jeffries

  • An efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells: potent neutralization of SARS coronavirus

    Elisabetta Traggiai;Stephan Becker;Kanta Subbarao;Larissa Kolesnikova

  • A universal vaccine for serogroup B meningococcus

    Marzia M. Giuliani;Jeannette Adu-Bobie;Maurizio Comanducci;Beatrice Aricò

  • ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSION OF CAGA AND VACA VIRULENCE FACTORS IN 43 STRAINS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI REVEALS THAT CLINICAL ISOLATES CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO MAJOR TYPES AND THAT CAGA IS NOT NECESSARY FOR EXPRESSION OF THE VACUOLATING CYTOTOXIN

    Zhaoying Xiang;Stefano Censini;Pietro F. Bayeli;John L. Telford

  • Tyrosine phosphorylation of the Helicobacter pylori CagA antigen after cag-driven host cell translocation

    Markus Stein;Rino Rappuoli;Antonello Covacci

  • Development of a mouse model of Helicobacter pylori infection that mimics human disease.

    Marta Marchetti;Beatrice Aricò;Daniela Burroni;Natale Figura

  • Nonviral delivery of self-amplifying RNA vaccines

    Andrew J. Geall;Ayush Verma;Gillis R. Otten;Christine A. Shaw

  • Coxsackie B4 virus infection of β cells and natural killer cell insulitis in recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients

    Francesco Dotta;Stefano Censini;Astrid G. S. van Halteren;Lorella Marselli

  • Living dangerously: how Helicobacter pylori survives in the human stomach

    Cesare Montecucco;Rino Rappuoli

  • Correlates of adjuvanticity: A review on adjuvants in licensed vaccines.

    Giuseppe Del Giudice;Rino Rappuoli;Arnaud M. Didierlaurent

  • Reverse Vaccinology: Developing Vaccines in the Era of Genomics

    Alessandro Sette;Rino Rappuoli

  • Identification of a universal Group B streptococcus vaccine by multiple genome screen.

    Domenico Maione;Immaculada Margarit;Cira D. Rinaudo;Vega Masignani

  • SARS — beginning to understand a new virus

    Konrad Stadler;Vega Masignani;Markus Eickmann;Stephan Becker

  • Reverse vaccinology, a genome-based approach to vaccine development.

    Rino Rappuoli

  • Pili in Gram-positive pathogens

    John L. Telford;Michèle A. Barocchi;Immaculada Margarit;Rino Rappuoli

  • Reverse vaccinology : Genomics

    Rino Rappuoli

Frequent Co-Authors

Mariagrazia Pizza
Mariagrazia Pizza Imperial College London
Marzia Monica Giuliani
Marzia Monica Giuliani GlaxoSmithKline (Italy)
Cesare Montecucco
Cesare Montecucco University of Padua
Giuseppe Del Giudice
Giuseppe Del Giudice GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
Guido Grandi
Guido Grandi University of Trento
Antonello Covacci
Antonello Covacci Novartis (Switzerland)
John L. Telford
John L. Telford GlaxoSmithKline (Italy)
Emanuele Papini
Emanuele Papini University of Padua
Hervé Tettelin
Hervé Tettelin University of Maryland, Baltimore
Maurizio Comanducci
Maurizio Comanducci Novartis (Switzerland)

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