World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Immunology

D-Index
52
Citations
11561
World Ranking
4043
National Ranking
354

Kai-Michael Toellner publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Kai-Michael Toellner sits on this spectrum.

62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 68 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientists 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62 publications 807+

This scientist: 141 publications — 13th percentile

13% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

Kai-Michael Toellner D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Kai-Michael Toellner sits on this spectrum.

40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 162 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 52 D-Index — 19th percentile

19% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

Overview

Kai-Michael Toellner is a researcher affiliated with the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom. Their work spans the fields of immunology, microbiology, and medicine, with a particular focus on the subfields of immunology, molecular biology, epidemiology, oncology, and endocrine and autonomic systems.

Their research topics concentrate on T-cell and B-cell immunology, immunotherapy and immune responses, immune cell function and interaction, immune response and inflammation, circadian rhythm and melatonin, viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology, and Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology.

Toellner has contributed to various scientific publications, appearing frequently in venues such as bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Science Immunology, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Cell Reports, and Nature Communications.

Selected recent papers include:

  • Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 Reporter Mice Are Differentially Sensitive to T Cell Receptor Signal Strength and Duration, 2020, Cell Reports
  • Rhythmicity of intestinal IgA responses confers oscillatory commensal microbiota mutualism, 2022, Science Immunology
  • Recycling of memory B cells between germinal center and lymph node subcapsular sinus supports affinity maturation to antigenic drift, 2022, Nature Communications
  • Enhanced BCR signaling inflicts early plasmablast and germinal center B cell death, 2021, iScience
  • IL-21 shapes germinal center polarization via light zone B cell selection and cyclin D3 upregulation, 2023, The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Frequent co-authors who have collaborated with Toellner include Yang Zhang, Lingling Zhang, Juan Carlos Yam-Puc, Laura Garcia-Ibanez, and Adam F. Cunningham. These collaborations have contributed to several publications across multiple respected journals.

Best Publications

  • microRNA-155 Regulates the Generation of Immunoglobulin Class-Switched Plasma Cells

    Elena Vigorito;Kerry L. Perks;Cei Abreu-Goodger;Sam Bunting

  • IL-21 regulates germinal center B cell differentiation and proliferation through a B cell-intrinsic mechanism.

    Dimitra Zotos;Jonathan M. Coquet;Yang Zhang;Amanda Light

  • Extrafollicular antibody responses.

    Ian C. M. MacLennan;Kai-Michael Toellner;Adam F. Cunningham;Karine Serre

  • CD4 T Cell Cytokine Differentiation: The B Cell Activation Molecule, OX40 Ligand, Instructs CD4 T Cells to Express Interleukin 4 and Upregulates Expression of the Chemokine Receptor, Blr-1

    Sarah Flynn;Kai-Michael Toellner;Chandra Raykundalia;Margaret Goodall

  • Class-switch recombination occurs infrequently in germinal centers

    Jonathan A. Roco;Luka Mesin;Sebastian C. Binder;Christian Nefzger

  • Intrinsic constraint on plasmablast growth and extrinsic limits of plasma cell survival

    Daniel M.-Y. Sze;Kai-Michael Toellner;Carola García de Vinuesa;Dale R. Taylor

  • The changing preference of T and B cells for partners as T-dependent antibody responses develop

    I. C. M. Maclennan;A. Gulbranson-Judge;K.-M. Toellner;M. Casamayor-Palleja

  • Germinal center B cells govern their own fate via antibody feedback

    Yang Zhang;Michael Meyer-Hermann;Laura A. George;Marc Thilo Figge

  • T Helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 Characteristics Start to Develop During T Cell Priming and Are Associated with an Immediate Ability to Induce Immunoglobulin Class Switching

    Kai-Michael Toellner;Sanjiv A. Luther;Daniel M.-Y. Sze;Richard K.-W. Choy

  • Germinal center dysregulation by histone methyltransferase EZH2 promotes lymphomagenesis

    Marieta Caganova;Chiara Carrisi;Gabriele Varano;Federica Mainoldi

  • Morning vaccination enhances antibody response over afternoon vaccination: A cluster-randomised trial

    Joanna E. Long;Mark T. Drayson;Angela E. Taylor;Kai M. Toellner

  • Immunoglobulin switch transcript production in vivo related to the site and time of antigen-specific B cell activation.

    K M Toellner;A Gulbranson-Judge;D R Taylor;D M Sze

  • Salmonella induces a switched antibody response without germinal centers that impedes the extracellular spread of infection.

    Adam F. Cunningham;Fabrina Gaspal;Karine Serre;Elodie Mohr

  • Inflammation-induced formation of fat-associated lymphoid clusters

    Cécile Bénézech;Nguyet-Thin Luu;Jennifer A Walker;Andrei A Kruglov;Andrei A Kruglov;Andrei A Kruglov

  • IL-22 regulates lymphoid chemokine production and assembly of tertiary lymphoid organs.

    Francesca Barone;Francesca Barone;Saba Nayar;Saba Nayar;Joana Campos;Joana Campos;Thomas Cloake;Thomas Cloake

  • Low-level Hypermutation in T Cell–independent Germinal Centers Compared with High Mutation Rates Associated with T Cell–dependent Germinal Centers

    Kai-Michael Toellner;William E. Jenkinson;Dale R. Taylor;Mahmood Khan

  • Cytokine mRNA profiling identifies B cells as a major source of RANKL in rheumatoid arthritis

    Lorraine Yeo;Kai-Michael Toellner;Mike Salmon;Andrew Filer

  • A Theory of Germinal Center B Cell Selection, Division, and Exit

    Michael Meyer-Hermann;Elodie Mohr;Nadége Pelletier;Yang Zhang

  • Regulation of germinal center B-cell differentiation.

    Yang Zhang;Laura Garcia-Ibanez;Kai-Michael Toellner

  • Responses to the soluble flagellar protein FliC are Th2, while those to FliC on Salmonella are Th1

    Adam F. Cunningham;Mahmood Khan;Jennifer Ball;Kai‐Michael Toellner

  • Extrafollicular Antibody Responses

    Carola G. Vinuesa

Frequent Co-Authors

Ian C. M. MacLennan
Ian C. M. MacLennan University of Birmingham
Adam F. Cunningham
Adam F. Cunningham University of Birmingham
Carola G. Vinuesa
Carola G. Vinuesa Australian National University
Hans-Dieter Flad
Hans-Dieter Flad Research Center Borstel - Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences
Michael Meyer-Hermann
Michael Meyer-Hermann Technische Universität Braunschweig
Sanjiv A. Luther
Sanjiv A. Luther University of Lausanne
Matthew C. Cook
Matthew C. Cook Australian National University
Frank Brombacher
Frank Brombacher University of Cape Town
Johannes Gerdes
Johannes Gerdes Research Center Borstel - Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences
Ian R. Henderson
Ian R. Henderson University of Cambridge

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Additionally, accelerated nursing programs present an opportunity to quickly obtain a BSN degree, which is often a prerequisite for advanced immunology-related roles. Understanding these educational pathways can help you align your career trajectory with the dynamic field of immunology in the USA.

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