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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 117 367 339 232 211 432 45272

Howard A. Young publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Howard A. Young between 1975 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Howard A. Young published across 51 years, from 1975 to 2025, averaging 9.4 papers a year. Output peaked at 36 publications in 2023. 12 of the 480 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
10 20 30
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1975 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 36. Peak 36 publications in 2023. 1975: 5 publications 1976: 1 publication 1977: 4 publications 1978: 4 publications 1979: 4 publications 1980: 2 publications 1981: 3 publications 1982: 2 publications 1983: 0 publications 1984: 0 publications 1985: 2 publications 1986: 6 publications 1987: 4 publications 1988: 9 publications 1989: 13 publications 1990: 9 publications 1991: 7 publications 1992: 9 publications 1993: 5 publications 1994: 9 publications 1995: 12 publications 1996: 5 publications 1997: 9 publications 1998: 8 publications 1999: 9 publications 2000: 15 publications 2001: 14 publications 2002: 15 publications 2003: 20 publications 2004: 16 publications 2005: 13 publications 2006: 11 publications 2007: 15 publications 2008: 7 publications 2009: 10 publications 2010: 17 publications 2011: 17 publications 2012: 12 publications 2013: 11 publications 2014: 13 publications 2015: 10 publications 2016: 12 publications 2017: 10 publications 2018: 9 publications 2019: 14 publications 2020: 10 publications 2021: 10 publications 2022: 10 publications 2023: 36 publications 2024: 8 publications 2025: 4 publications
1975 2025

480 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Howard A. Young: publications per year, 1975 to 2025
Year Publications
1975 5
1976 1
1977 4
1978 4
1979 4
1980 2
1981 3
1982 2
1983 0
1984 0
1985 2
1986 6
1987 4
1988 9
1989 13
1990 9
1991 7
1992 9
1993 5
1994 9
1995 12
1996 5
1997 9
1998 8
1999 9
2000 15
2001 14
2002 15
2003 20
2004 16
2005 13
2006 11
2007 15
2008 7
2009 10
2010 17
2011 17
2012 12
2013 11
2014 13
2015 10
2016 12
2017 10
2018 9
2019 14
2020 10
2021 10
2022 10
2023 36
2024 8
2025 4
Total 480
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Howard A. Young publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Howard A. Young sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 432–441 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 432 publications — 84th percentile

84% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53 432
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Howard A. Young D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Howard A. Young sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 116–117 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 117 D-Index — 93rd percentile

93% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25 117
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Overview

Howard A. Young is affiliated with the National Institutes of Health in the United States. Their research primarily focuses on the fields of Medicine and Immunology and Microbiology, with significant contributions in subfields such as Immunology, Molecular Biology, Oncology, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology.

Their work extensively covers topics including Immune Cell Function and Interaction, T-cell and B-cell Immunology, Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions, Reproductive System and Pregnancy, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research, interferon and immune responses, and Liver Diseases and Immunity.

Recent publications include:

  • "Cytokines: From Clinical Significance to Quantification", 2021, Advanced Science
  • "The dynamic changes in cytokine responses in COVID-19: a snapshot of the current state of knowledge", 2020, Nature Immunology
  • "Lessons learned: new insights on the role of cytokines in COVID-19", 2021, Nature Immunology
  • "Perforin-deficient CAR T cells recapitulate late-onset inflammatory toxicities observed in patients", 2020, Journal of Clinical Investigation
  • "Multi-omics: Differential expression of IFN-γ results in distinctive mechanistic features linking chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and autoimmune diseases", 2020, Journal of Autoimmunity

Frequent co-authors collaborating with Howard A. Young include:

  • Julio C. Valencia
  • M. Eric Gershwin
  • Enitome E. Bafor
  • Patrick S.C. Leung
  • John M. Fenimore

The scholar has published frequently in the following venues:

  • Faculty Opinions - Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature
  • Frontiers in Immunology
  • Journal of Autoimmunity
  • The Journal of Immunology
  • Nature Immunology

Best Publications

  • Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer

    Emad M. El-Omar;Emad M. El-Omar;Mary Carrington;Wong Ho Chow;Kenneth E.L. McColl

  • Human endothelial cells express CCR2 and respond to MCP-1: direct role of MCP-1 in angiogenesis and tumor progression.

    Rosalba Salcedo;Maria Lourdes Ponce;Howard A. Young;Ken Wasserman

  • INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE PRODUCTION BY HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS RESULTS IN THE INHIBITION OF T CELL PROLIFERATION

    Patrick Hwu;Mark X. Du;Réjean Lapointe;My Do

  • CD28 activation pathway regulates the production of multiple T-cell-derived lymphokines/cytokines

    Craig B. Thompson;Tullia Lindsten;Jeffrey A. Ledbetter;Steven L. Kunkel

  • The p21 src genes of Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses originate from divergent members of a family of normal vertebrate genes

    Ronald W. Ellis;Deborah DeFeo;Thomas Y. Shih;Matthew A. Gonda

  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Induce Expression of CXCR4 on Human Endothelial Cells: In Vivo Neovascularization Induced by Stromal-Derived Factor-1α

    Rosalba Salcedo;Ken Wasserman;Howard A. Young;Michael C. Grimm

  • Cytokines: From Clinical Significance to Quantification.

    Chao Liu;Dewei Chu;Kourosh Kalantar‐Zadeh;Jacob George

  • Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques: evidence that dendritic cells are early and sustained targets of infection.

    Thomas W. Geisbert;Lisa E. Hensley;Tom Larsen;Howard A. Young

  • Interaction of NF-κB and NFAT with the Interferon-γ Promoter

    Antonio Sica;Linda Dorman;Vincenzo Viggiano;Marco Cippitelli

  • Role of interferon-gamma in immune cell regulation

    Howard A. Young;Kenneth J. Hardy

  • Interleukin 2 plays a central role in Th2 differentiation.

    Javier Cote-Sierra;Gilles Foucras;Liying Guo;Lynda Chiodetti

  • Interleukin-10 and the immune response against cancer: a counterpoint.

    Simone Mocellin;Francesco M. Marincola;Howard A. Young

  • Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys.

    Thomas W Geisbert;Lisa E Hensley;Peter B Jahrling;Tom Larsen

  • IL-18 is a potent coinducer of IL-13 in NK and T cells: a new potential role for IL-18 in modulating the immune response.

    Tomoaki Hoshino;Robert H. Wiltrout;Howard A. Young

  • Early TCR Signaling Induces Rapid Aerobic Glycolysis Enabling Distinct Acute T Cell Effector Functions.

    Ashley V. Menk;Nicole E. Scharping;Rebecca S. Moreci;Xue Zeng

  • Mechanisms Underlying Coagulation Abnormalities in Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Overexpression of Tissue Factor in Primate Monocytes/Macrophages Is a Key Event

    Thomas W. Geisbert;Howard A. Young;Peter B. Jahrling;Kelly J. Davis

  • Dual evolutionary origin for the rat genetic sequences of Harvey murine sarcoma virus.

    R W Ellis;D DeFeo;J M Maryak;H A Young

  • Intracellular localization of human monocyte associated interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity and release of biologically active IL 1 from monocytes by trypsin and plasmin.

    Koji Matsushima;M. Taguchi;E. J. Kovacs;H. A. Young

  • Pathogenesis of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in Primate Models: Evidence that Hemorrhage Is Not a Direct Effect of Virus-Induced Cytolysis of Endothelial Cells

    Thomas W. Geisbert;Howard A. Young;Peter B. Jahrling;Kelly J. Davis

  • Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin induces TNF-α–independent hypoxia-mediated toxicity in mice

    Mahtab Moayeri;Diana Haines;Howard A. Young;Stephen H. Leppla

  • Histamine regulates cytokine production in maturing dendritic cells, resulting in altered T cell polarization.

    Alessandra Mazzoni;Howard A. Young;Jessica H. Spitzer;Alberto Visintin

Frequent Co-Authors

John R. Ortaldo
John R. Ortaldo National Institutes of Health
Robert H. Wiltrout
Robert H. Wiltrout National Institutes of Health
Edward M. Scolnick
Edward M. Scolnick Broad Institute
Jay H. Bream
Jay H. Bream Johns Hopkins University
Jianping Ye
Jianping Ye Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Thomas W. Geisbert
Thomas W. Geisbert The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Dan L. Longo
Dan L. Longo Harvard University
Scott K. Durum
Scott K. Durum National Institutes of Health
Stephan R. Targan
Stephan R. Targan Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Stephen K. Anderson
Stephen K. Anderson National Institutes of Health

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Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

For those interested in studying Immunology in the USA, exploring related healthcare degrees can open diverse career pathways. Many professionals leverage their background in immunology to transition into advanced nursing roles such as Nurse Practitioners (NPs). Programs like accelerated RN to NP programs cater to registered nurses aiming to enhance their credentials efficiently.

Another common transition is moving from a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) role to specialized acute care. Understanding how to successfully transition from FNP to acute care NP is crucial for professionals looking to expand their expertise and clinical scope.

For individuals without a prior nursing degree but keen on entering the field, online ABSN programs for non nurses provide an accessible pathway. These programs help non-nurses gain essential qualifications needed to embark on a nursing career.

Finally, understanding financial outcomes such as the DNP salary transparency across different states can inform decisions about education investments and career planning. By considering these related degrees and career pathways, immunology students can better align their academic pursuits with evolving healthcare opportunities.

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