World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Immunology

D-Index
74
Citations
27741
World Ranking
2031
National Ranking
177

Alain Townsend publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Alain Townsend sits on this spectrum.

62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 68 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientists 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62 publications 807+

This scientist: 213 publications — 39th percentile

39% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

Alain Townsend D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Alain Townsend sits on this spectrum.

40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 162 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 74 D-Index — 59th percentile

59% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

Research.com Recognitions

  • 1992 - Fellow of the Royal Society, United Kingdom

Overview

Alain Townsend is affiliated with the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. The research work focuses primarily on Medicine, with a significant emphasis on Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Molecular Biology, Immunology, and Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging.

The scientist has contributed extensively to the understanding of viral infections and immune responses, with key research topics including:

  • SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • Influenza Virus Research Studies
  • Respiratory viral infections research
  • Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
  • Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
  • Animal Virus Infections Studies

Alain Townsend's recent notable publications are:

  • "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses", 2022, published in Cell
  • "Neutralizing nanobodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and block interaction with ACE2", 2020, published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
  • "The antigenic anatomy of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain", 2021, published in Cell
  • "Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by Destruction of the Prefusion Spike", 2020, published in Cell Host & Microbe
  • "Structural basis for the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by an antibody from a convalescent patient", 2020, published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

Frequent co-authors include:

  • Tiong Kit Tan
  • Pramila Rijal
  • Lisa Schimanski
  • Graham S. Ogg
  • Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige

Research publications have been frequently published in these venues:

  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • Nature Communications
  • The Journal of Immunology
  • Frontiers in Immunology
  • PLoS Pathogens

Alain Townsend was recognized as a Fellow of the Royal Society, United Kingdom, in 1992, an award that reflects contributions to the scientific community.

Best Publications

  • The epitopes of influenza nucleoprotein recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be defined with short synthetic peptides

    A.R.M. Townsend;J. Rothbard;F.M. Gotch;G. Bahadur

  • SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses

    Unknown

  • Association of class I major histocompatibility heavy and light chains induced by viral peptides.

    Alain Townsend;Claes Öhlén;Judy Bastin;Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren

  • Empty MHC class I molecules come out in the cold

    H G Ljunggren;N J Stam;C Ohlén;J J Neefjes

  • Sequences encoded in the class II region of the MHC related to the 'ABC' superfamily of transporters

    J Trowsdale;I Hanson;I Mockridge;S Beck

  • Cytotoxic T cells recognize fragments of the influenza nucleoprotein.

    Alain R.M. Townsend;Frances M. Gotch;John Davey

  • Molecular analysis of the association of HLA-B53 and resistance to severe malaria.

    A V Hill;J Elvin;A C Willis;M Aidoo

  • Assembly of MHC class I molecules analyzed in vitro.

    A. Townsend;T. Elliott;V. Cerundolo;L. Foster

  • HIV-1 gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes defined with recombinant vaccinia virus and synthetic peptides

    Douglas F. Nixon;Alain R. M. Townsend;John G. Elvin;Charles R. Rizza

  • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize a fragment of influenza virus matrix protein in association with HLA-A2.

    Frances Gotch;Jonathan Rothbard;Kevin Howland;Alain Townsend

  • Assembly and function of the two ABC transporter proteins encoded in the human major histocompatibility complex.

    Adrian Kelly;Stephen H. Powis;Lesley-Anne Kerr;Ian Mockridge

  • Neutralizing nanobodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and block interaction with ACE2.

    J Huo;J Huo;A Le Bas;A Le Bas;R R Ruza;Duyvesteyn Hme.

  • Presentation of viral antigen controlled by a gene in the major histocompatibility complex.

    V Cerundolo;J Alexander;K Anderson;C Lamb

  • Memory T cells established by seasonal human influenza A infection cross-react with avian influenza A (H5N1) in healthy individuals

    Lee Ly-H.;Ha Dla.;C Simmons;C Simmons;de Jong

  • A peptide encoded by human gene MAGE-3 and presented by HLA-A2 induces cytolytic T lymphocytes that recognize tumor cells expressing MAGE-3.

    P van der Bruggen;J Bastin;T Gajewski;T Gajewski;P G Coulie

  • Restoration of antigen presentation to the mutant cell line RMA-S by an MHC-linked transporter

    Simon J. Powis;Alain R. M. Townsend;Edward V. Deverson;Judy Bastin

  • Presentation of viral antigen by MHC class I molecules is dependent on a putative peptide transporter heterodimer

    Thomas Spies;Vincenzo Cerundolo;Marco Colonna;Peter Cresswell

  • Defective presentation to class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vaccinia-infected cells is overcome by enhanced degradation of antigen.

    A. Townsend;J. Bastin;K. Gould;G. Brownlee

  • The antigenic anatomy of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain.

    Wanwisa Dejnirattisai;Daming Zhou;Helen M. Ginn;Helen M.E. Duyvesteyn

  • Cytotoxic T cell recognition of the influenza nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin expressed in transfected mouse L cells

    A.R.M. Townsend;A.J. McMichael;N.P. Carter;J.A. Huddleston

  • Hepcidin regulation by innate immune and infectious stimuli

    Andrew E. Armitage;Lucy A. Eddowes;Uzi Gileadi;Suzanne Cole

Frequent Co-Authors

Vincenzo Cerundolo
Vincenzo Cerundolo University of Oxford
Miles W. Carroll
Miles W. Carroll University of Oxford
Raymond J. Owens
Raymond J. Owens University of Oxford
Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
Juthathip Mongkolsapaya University of Oxford
Tim Elliott
Tim Elliott University of Southampton
Andrew J. McMichael
Andrew J. McMichael University of Oxford
William James
William James University of Oxford
David I. Stuart
David I. Stuart University of Oxford
Jingshan Ren
Jingshan Ren University of Oxford
John W. McCauley
John W. McCauley The Francis Crick Institute

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Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

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