World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Immunology

D-Index
57
Citations
12924
World Ranking
3610
National Ranking
40

Rafael Solana publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Rafael Solana sits on this spectrum.

62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 68 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientists 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62 publications 807+

This scientist: 189 publications — 30th percentile

30% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

Rafael Solana D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Rafael Solana sits on this spectrum.

40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 162 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 57 D-Index — 28th percentile

28% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

Overview

Rafael Solana is affiliated with the University of Córdoba in Spain and focuses primarily on immunology and medicine. Their research covers a range of topics within these fields, emphasizing immune cell function, T-cell and B-cell immunology, and infectious disease mechanisms, particularly involving cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus. Additional areas of work include oncology, genetics, and immunotherapy.

The main research topics explored by Solana include:

  • Immune Cell Function and Interaction
  • T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
  • Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
  • CAR-T cell therapy research
  • Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Immunotherapy and Immune Responses

Solana's recent publications have appeared in journals such as the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, Cancers, and Pharmaceutics. Notable papers include:

  • Natural Killer T-like Cells: Immunobiology and Role in Disease (2023), International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  • Current progress in NK cell biology and NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy (2020), Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy
  • Functional Changes of T-Cell Subsets with Age and CMV Infection (2021), International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  • Characterization of the DNAM-1, TIGIT and TACTILE Axis on Circulating NK, NKT-Like and T Cell Subsets in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2020), Cancers
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Vaccine Improvements: Current Status and New Approaches (2022), Pharmaceutics

Their frequent co-authors include Alejandra Pera, Fakhri Hassouneh, Raquel Tarazona, Pablo Álvarez-Heredia, and Alexander Batista-Duharte, indicating collaboration across multiple projects and studies.

Solana's work has been published predominantly in the following venues:

  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  • Frontiers in Immunology
  • Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy
  • The Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Cancers

In terms of research focus, their publications contribute to both fundamental immunology and applied medical sciences, addressing cellular immune functions as well as translational approaches in cancer immunotherapy and infectious disease. The combination of basic research and clinical implications is reflected in their engagement with immune checkpoint inhibitors, NK cell biology, and immune responses to viral infections.

Best Publications

  • Innate immunosenescence: Effect of aging on cells and receptors of the innate immune system in humans

    Rafael Solana;Raquel Tarazona;Inmaculada Gayoso;Olivier Lesur

  • T cells and aging, January 2002 update.

    Graham Pawelec;Yvonne Barnett;Ros Forsey;Daniela Frasca

  • T cells and aging.

    Graham Pawelec;Ed Remarque;Yvonne Barnett;Rafael Solana

  • Human immunosenescence : is it infectious?

    Graham Pawelec;Arne Akbar;Calogero Caruso;Rafael Solana

  • Aging of the immune system as a prognostic factor for human longevity.

    Anis Larbi;Claudio Franceschi;Dawn Mazzatti;Rafael Solana

  • Immunosenescence: Implications for response to infection and vaccination in older people

    Alejandra Pera;Carmen Campos;Nelson López;Fakhri Hassouneh

  • NK and NK/T cells in human senescence

    Rafael Solana;Erminia Mariani

  • Aging and innate immunity.

    Rafael Solana;Graham Pawelec;Raquel Tarazona

  • Structure and function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I specific receptors expressed on human natural killer (NK) cells.

    Francisco Borrego;Juraj Kabat;Dae-Ki Kim;Louis Lieto

  • Increased expression of NK cell markers on T lymphocytes in aging and chronic activation of the immune system reflects the accumulation of effector/senescent T cells.

    Raquel Tarazona;Olga DelaRosa;Corona Alonso;Belén Ostos

  • NK phenotypic markers and IL2 response in NK cells from elderly people.

    F. Borrego;M.C. Alonso;M.D. Galiani;J. Carracedo

  • CD69 is a stimulatory receptor for natural killer cell and its cytotoxic effect is blocked by CD94 inhibitory receptor.

    F. Borrego;Michael Robertson;J. Ritz;J. Peña

  • Immunosenescence and vaccine failure in the elderly

    Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein;Silvia Della Bella;Anna Maria Iorio;Jean Pierre Michel

  • Cytomegalovirus infection: a driving force in human T cell immunosenescence.

    Sven Koch;Anis Larbi;Dennis Ozcelik;Rafael Solana

  • Decreased expression of DNAM-1 on NK cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients

    Beatriz Sanchez-Correa;Inmaculada Gayoso;Juan M Bergua;Javier G Casado

  • Immunosenescence of human natural killer cells.

    Inmaculada Gayoso;Beatriz Sanchez-Correa;Carmen Campos;Corona Alonso

  • Cytokine profiles in acute myeloid leukemia patients at diagnosis: survival is inversely correlated with IL-6 and directly correlated with IL-10 levels

    Beatriz Sanchez-Correa;Juan M. Bergua;Carmen Campos;Inmaculada Gayoso

  • Impact of aging on innate immunity

    Graham Pawelec;Rafael Solana;Ed Remarque;Erminia Mariani

  • Immunity, ageing and cancer

    Evelyna Derhovanessian;Rafael Solana;Anis Larbi;Graham Pawelec

  • CMV and Immunosenescence: from basics to clinics

    Rafael Solana;Raquel Tarazona;Allison E Aiello;Arne N Akbar

Frequent Co-Authors

Raquel Tarazona
Raquel Tarazona University of Extremadura
Graham Pawelec
Graham Pawelec University of Tübingen
Antonio Rivero
Antonio Rivero Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba
Erminia Mariani
Erminia Mariani University of Bologna
Anis Larbi
Anis Larbi Agency for Science, Technology and Research
Claudio Franceschi
Claudio Franceschi University of Bologna
Tamas Fulop
Tamas Fulop Université de Sherbrooke
Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein
Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein University of Innsbruck
Arne N. Akbar
Arne N. Akbar University College London
Jos A. Bosch
Jos A. Bosch University of Amsterdam

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