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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 82 1513 1378 10 10 345 22758
Medicine 82 16213 15252 187 174 347 22764

Outi Vaarala publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Outi Vaarala between 1985 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Outi Vaarala published across 41 years, from 1985 to 2025, averaging 8.6 papers a year. Output peaked at 24 publications in 2014. 3 of the 354 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10 15 20
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1985 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 24. Peak 24 publications in 2014. 1985: 1 publication 1986: 1 publication 1987: 1 publication 1988: 4 publications 1989: 1 publication 1990: 1 publication 1991: 2 publications 1992: 2 publications 1993: 2 publications 1994: 4 publications 1995: 4 publications 1996: 9 publications 1997: 7 publications 1998: 4 publications 1999: 10 publications 2000: 16 publications 2001: 8 publications 2002: 5 publications 2003: 14 publications 2004: 13 publications 2005: 22 publications 2006: 16 publications 2007: 8 publications 2008: 21 publications 2009: 11 publications 2010: 11 publications 2011: 8 publications 2012: 16 publications 2013: 12 publications 2014: 24 publications 2015: 20 publications 2016: 8 publications 2017: 13 publications 2018: 10 publications 2019: 20 publications 2020: 9 publications 2021: 9 publications 2022: 2 publications 2023: 2 publications 2024: 1 publication 2025: 2 publications
1985 2025

354 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Outi Vaarala: publications per year, 1985 to 2025
Year Publications
1985 1
1986 1
1987 1
1988 4
1989 1
1990 1
1991 2
1992 2
1993 2
1994 4
1995 4
1996 9
1997 7
1998 4
1999 10
2000 16
2001 8
2002 5
2003 14
2004 13
2005 22
2006 16
2007 8
2008 21
2009 11
2010 11
2011 8
2012 16
2013 12
2014 24
2015 20
2016 8
2017 13
2018 10
2019 20
2020 9
2021 9
2022 2
2023 2
2024 1
2025 2
Total 354
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Outi Vaarala publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Outi Vaarala sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 342–351 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 345 publications — 73rd percentile

73% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96 345
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Outi Vaarala D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Outi Vaarala sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 82–83 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 82 D-Index — 70th percentile

70% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125 82
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Overview

Outi Vaarala is affiliated with the University of Helsinki in Finland. Their research spans multiple disciplines within medicine and biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology, with a strong focus on diabetes and related disorders.

The primary fields of study for Vaarala include:

  • Medicine
  • Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

They have contributed extensively to subfields such as genetics, immunology, pulmonary and respiratory medicine, nutrition and dietetics, and epidemiology.

Topics central to their research involve:

  • Diabetes and associated disorders
  • Infant Nutrition and Health
  • Immune Cell Function and Interaction
  • T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Digestive system and related health
  • Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Breastfeeding Practices and Influences

Vaarala has published numerous papers, with recent examples including:

  • Fungal Dysbiosis and Intestinal Inflammation in Children With Beta-Cell Autoimmunity (2020, Frontiers in Immunology)
  • Enhanced influenza A H1N1 T cell epitope recognition and cross-reactivity to protein-O-mannosyltransferase 1 in Pandemrix-associated narcolepsy type 1 (2021, Nature Communications)
  • Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in childhood and risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the TRIGR nested case-control ancillary study (2020, Diabetologia)
  • Ultrasensitive DNA Immune Repertoire Sequencing Using Unique Molecular Identifiers (2020, Clinical Chemistry)
  • Elevated serum chemokine CCL22 levels in first-episode psychosis: associations with symptoms, peripheral immune state and in vivo brain glial cell function (2020, Translational Psychiatry)

The frequent venues where Vaarala's work has appeared include:

  • Frontiers in Immunology
  • Diabetologia
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Nature Communications
  • PLoS ONE

The scientist has collaborated regularly with a number of coauthors, notably:

  • Mikael Knip
  • Jarno Honkanen
  • Maija E. Miettinen
  • Sari Niinistö
  • Jorma Ilonen

Best Publications

  • The Dynamics of the Human Infant Gut Microbiome in Development and in Progression toward Type 1 Diabetes

    Aleksandar D. Kostic;Aleksandar D. Kostic;Dirk Gevers;Heli Siljander;Tommi Vatanen;Tommi Vatanen

  • Environmental Triggers and Determinants of Type 1 Diabetes

    Mikael Knip;Riitta Veijola;Suvi M. Virtanen;Heikki Hyöty

  • The “Perfect Storm” for Type 1 Diabetes: The Complex Interplay Between Intestinal Microbiota, Gut Permeability, and Mucosal Immunity

    Outi Vaarala;Mark A. Atkinson;Josef Neu

  • Fecal Microbiota Composition Differs Between Children With β-Cell Autoimmunity and Those Without

    Marcus C. de Goffau;Kristiina Luopajärvi;Mikael Knip;Jorma Ilonen;Jorma Ilonen

  • GAD treatment and insulin secretion in recent-onset type 1 diabetes

    Johnny Ludvigsson;Maria Faresjö;Maria Hjorth;Stina Axelsson

  • AS03 Adjuvanted AH1N1 Vaccine Associated with an Abrupt Increase in the Incidence of Childhood Narcolepsy in Finland

    Hanna Nohynek;Jukka Jokinen;Markku Partinen;Outi Vaarala

  • Environmental factors in the etiology of type 1 diabetes

    Hans K. Åkerblom;Outi Vaarala;Heikki Hyöty;Jorma Ilonen

  • Crossreaction between antibodies to oxidised low-density lipoprotein and to cardiolipin in systemic lupus erythematosus

    O. Vaarala;K. Aho;T. Palosuo;G. Alfthan

  • Lactobacillus GG effect in increasing IFN-gamma production in infants with cow's milk allergy.

    Emma Pohjavuori;Mirva Viljanen;Riitta Korpela;Mikael Kuitunen

  • Anti-Cardiolipin Antibodies and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in a Prospective Cohort of Middle-Aged Men

    Outi Vaarala;Matti Mänttäri;Vesa Manninen;Leena Tenkanen

  • IL-17 Immunity in Human Type 1 Diabetes

    Jarno Honkanen;Janne K. Nieminen;Ru Gao;Kristiina Luopajarvi

  • Dietary intervention in infancy and later signs of beta-cell autoimmunity.

    Mikael Knip;Suvi M. Virtanen;Karri Seppä;Jorma Ilonen

  • Antibody Against Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Predicting Myocardial Infarction

    Marja Puurunen;Matti Mänttäri;Vesa Manninen;Leena Tenkanen

  • Anticardiolipin response in acute infections.

    Outi Vaarala;Timo Palosuo;Marjaana Kleemola;Kimmo Aho

  • Narcolepsy as an autoimmune disease: the role of H1N1 infection and vaccination.

    Markku Partinen;Birgitte Rahbek Kornum;Giuseppe Plazzi;Poul Jennum

  • Antibodies to influenza nucleoprotein cross-react with human hypocretin receptor 2

    Syed Sohail Ahmed;Wayne Volkmuth;José Duca;Lorenzo Corti

  • A TLR4 polymorphism is associated with asthma and reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12(p70) responses in Swedish children

    Malin Fagerås Böttcher;Mounira Hmani-Aifa;Anna Lindström;Maria Christina Jenmalm

  • Cow's milk formula feeding induces primary immunization to insulin in infants at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.

    Outi Vaarala;Mikael Knip;Johanna Paronen;Anu-Maaria Hämäläinen

  • IL‐23/IL‐17 immunity as a hallmark of Crohn's disease

    Veera Hölttä;Paula Klemetti;Taina Sipponen;Mia Westerholm-Ormio

  • Patterns of β-cell autoantibody appearance and genetic associations during the first years of life.

    Jorma Ilonen;Anna Hammais;Antti-Pekka Laine;Johanna Lempainen;Johanna Lempainen

  • Dynamic association of human insulin receptor with lipid rafts in cells lacking caveolae

    Saara Vainio;Sanna Heino;Jan-Eric Månsson;Pam Fredman

Frequent Co-Authors

Jorma Ilonen
Jorma Ilonen University of Turku
Mikael Knip
Mikael Knip University of Helsinki
Suvi M. Virtanen
Suvi M. Virtanen Tampere University
Johnny Ludvigsson
Johnny Ludvigsson Linköping University
Erkki Savilahti
Erkki Savilahti University of Helsinki
Hans K. Åkerblom
Hans K. Åkerblom University of Helsinki
Juha Pekkanen
Juha Pekkanen University at Buffalo, State University of New York
Ilkka Julkunen
Ilkka Julkunen University of Turku
Heikki Hyöty
Heikki Hyöty Tampere University
Markku Partinen
Markku Partinen University of Helsinki

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