World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking National Ranking Publications Citations
Immunology 95 901 80 558 31085
Medicine 97 9342 906 595 32124

Nigel Klein publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Nigel Klein between 1967 and 2026, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Nigel Klein published across 60 years, from 1967 to 2026, averaging 12.8 papers a year. Output peaked at 45 publications in 2023. 7 of the 767 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
10 20 30 40
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1967 to 2026. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 45. Peak 45 publications in 2023. 1967: 1 publication 1968: 0 publications 1969: 0 publications 1970: 0 publications 1971: 0 publications 1972: 0 publications 1973: 0 publications 1974: 1 publication 1975: 1 publication 1976: 2 publications 1977: 0 publications 1978: 0 publications 1979: 0 publications 1980: 0 publications 1981: 1 publication 1982: 0 publications 1983: 0 publications 1984: 2 publications 1985: 0 publications 1986: 0 publications 1987: 1 publication 1988: 2 publications 1989: 7 publications 1990: 6 publications 1991: 8 publications 1992: 9 publications 1993: 19 publications 1994: 5 publications 1995: 14 publications 1996: 13 publications 1997: 13 publications 1998: 11 publications 1999: 19 publications 2000: 29 publications 2001: 22 publications 2002: 18 publications 2003: 34 publications 2004: 23 publications 2005: 32 publications 2006: 23 publications 2007: 22 publications 2008: 30 publications 2009: 27 publications 2010: 19 publications 2011: 25 publications 2012: 21 publications 2013: 22 publications 2014: 28 publications 2015: 28 publications 2016: 30 publications 2017: 19 publications 2018: 26 publications 2019: 31 publications 2020: 21 publications 2021: 24 publications 2022: 14 publications 2023: 45 publications 2024: 12 publications 2025: 6 publications 2026: 1 publication
1967 2026

767 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Nigel Klein: publications per year, 1967 to 2026
Year Publications
1967 1
1968 0
1969 0
1970 0
1971 0
1972 0
1973 0
1974 1
1975 1
1976 2
1977 0
1978 0
1979 0
1980 0
1981 1
1982 0
1983 0
1984 2
1985 0
1986 0
1987 1
1988 2
1989 7
1990 6
1991 8
1992 9
1993 19
1994 5
1995 14
1996 13
1997 13
1998 11
1999 19
2000 29
2001 22
2002 18
2003 34
2004 23
2005 32
2006 23
2007 22
2008 30
2009 27
2010 19
2011 25
2012 21
2013 22
2014 28
2015 28
2016 30
2017 19
2018 26
2019 31
2020 21
2021 24
2022 14
2023 45
2024 12
2025 6
2026 1
Total 767
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Nigel Klein publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Nigel Klein sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150
Bar chart with 76 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 62–71 to 807+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 189. Most scientists, 189, have 152–161 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 552–561 publications, is where this scientist sits. 62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientist 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62–71 publications 807+

This scientist: 558 publications — 92nd percentile

92% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
62–71 9
72–81 23
82–91 40
92–101 72
102–111 86
112–121 108
122–131 150
132–141 160
142–151 159
152–161 189
162–171 166
172–181 181
182–191 188
192–201 187
202–211 178
212–221 158
222–231 168
232–241 159
242–251 160
252–261 148
262–271 116
272–281 125
282–291 115
292–301 111
302–311 95
312–321 97
322–331 97
332–341 99
342–351 96
352–361 69
362–371 76
372–381 71
382–391 71
392–401 62
402–411 54
412–421 41
422–431 63
432–441 53
442–451 31
452–461 42
462–471 40
472–481 29
482–491 34
492–501 30
502–511 23
512–521 41
522–531 29
532–541 28
542–551 16
552–561 18 558
562–571 18
572–581 17
582–591 17
592–601 17
602–611 19
612–621 13
622–631 12
632–641 11
642–651 16
652–661 9
662–671 5
672–681 13
682–691 12
692–701 6
702–711 6
712–721 9
722–731 9
732–741 6
742–751 11
752–761 10
762–771 7
772–781 12
782–791 7
792–801 5
802–806 1
807+ 100
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Nigel Klein D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Nigel Klein sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200
Bar chart with 60 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 40–41 to 157+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 201. Most scientists, 201, have 58–59 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 94–95 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40–41 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 95 D-Index — 82nd percentile

82% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Immunology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 4,929 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
40–41 28
42–43 91
44–45 157
46–47 192
48–49 175
50–51 188
52–53 177
54–55 155
56–57 194
58–59 201
60–61 197
62–63 201
64–65 173
66–67 167
68–69 172
70–71 199
72–73 184
74–75 133
76–77 163
78–79 127
80–81 121
82–83 125
84–85 121
86–87 102
88–89 96
90–91 75
92–93 72
94–95 74 95
96–97 66
98–99 68
100–101 49
102–103 60
104–105 54
106–107 36
108–109 23
110–111 52
112–113 41
114–115 34
116–117 25
118–119 28
120–121 11
122–123 20
124–125 27
126–127 19
128–129 20
130–131 16
132–133 17
134–135 14
136–137 15
138–139 9
140–141 11
142–143 9
144–145 9
146–147 7
148–149 7
150–151 7
152–153 5
154–155 8
156 6
157+ 96
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Overview

What is he best known for?

The fields of study he is best known for:

  • Internal medicine
  • Immune system
  • Gene

His primary scientific interests are in Immunology, Internal medicine, Mannan-binding lectin, Microbiology and Inflammation. His Immunology study frequently draws connections to adjacent fields such as Intensive care. The concepts of his Internal medicine study are interwoven with issues in Gastroenterology and Endocrinology.

His biological study spans a wide range of topics, including Prospective cohort study, Complement system and Collectin. His research integrates issues of Neisseria meningitidis, Lipopolysaccharide, Microbiome and Intestinal mucosa in his study of Microbiology. While the research belongs to areas of Inflammation, he spends his time largely on the problem of Aspirin, intersecting his research to questions surrounding Macrophage activation syndrome, Etiology, Bradykinin, Heart disease and Kawasaki disease.

His most cited work include:

  • Oligosaccharides in Human Milk: Structural, Functional, and Metabolic Aspects (828 citations)
  • Mental Stress Induces Transient Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans (517 citations)
  • Mannose-Binding Lectin Binds to a Range of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms and Promotes Complement Deposition (494 citations)

What are the main themes of his work throughout his whole career to date?

Nigel Klein mainly focuses on Immunology, Internal medicine, Microbiology, Pediatrics and Immune system. His Mannan-binding lectin, Inflammation, Sepsis, T cell and Cytokine study are his primary interests in Immunology. His Mannan-binding lectin research is multidisciplinary, incorporating elements of Complement system, Collectin and Genotype.

His Internal medicine study integrates concerns from other disciplines, such as Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Pathology. The Microbiology study combines topics in areas such as Neisseria meningitidis and Lipopolysaccharide. His Endothelium research includes elements of Cell adhesion molecule and Cell biology.

He most often published in these fields:

  • Immunology (43.98%)
  • Internal medicine (21.17%)
  • Microbiology (11.50%)

What were the highlights of his more recent work (between 2017-2021)?

  • Immunology (43.98%)
  • Internal medicine (21.17%)
  • Randomized controlled trial (4.38%)

In recent papers he was focusing on the following fields of study:

Nigel Klein spends much of his time researching Immunology, Internal medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Viral load and Antiretroviral therapy. As part of his studies on Immunology, Nigel Klein often connects relevant subjects like Endothelial dysfunction. His Internal medicine research incorporates themes from Gastroenterology and Infection control.

Nigel Klein usually deals with Randomized controlled trial and limits it to topics linked to Adverse effect and Young adult. His Viral load research is multidisciplinary, incorporating perspectives in Cross-sectional study and Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. His research in Antiretroviral therapy intersects with topics in Hiv infected and Immunophenotyping.

Between 2017 and 2021, his most popular works were:

  • Loss-of-function nuclear factor κB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants are the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency in Europeans (77 citations)
  • Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV‐1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life (58 citations)
  • Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Suppress Arthritis by Amplifying Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Regulatory B Cells (48 citations)

In his most recent research, the most cited papers focused on:

  • Internal medicine
  • Gene
  • Immune system

His scientific interests lie mostly in Immunology, Internal medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Viral load and Pregnancy. Nigel Klein interconnects Penetrance and Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the investigation of issues within Immunology. His work on Cystic fibrosis as part of general Internal medicine research is frequently linked to Nontuberculous mycobacteria, thereby connecting diverse disciplines of science.

As part of the same scientific family, he usually focuses on Viral load, concentrating on Antiretroviral therapy and intersecting with Discontinuation, Rate ratio and Hiv infected. His Pregnancy study combines topics from a wide range of disciplines, such as Mycoplasma, DNA extraction, Physiology and Obstetrics. His Immune system study combines topics in areas such as Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation and Transplantation.

Best Publications

  • Oligosaccharides in Human Milk: Structural, Functional, and Metabolic Aspects

    C. Kunz;S. Rudloff;W. Baier;N. Klein

  • School-age outcomes in children with birth weights under 750 g

    M Hack;H G Taylor;N Klein;R Eiben

  • Mental Stress Induces Transient Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans

    Lorenzo Ghiadoni;Ann E. Donald;Mark Cropley;Michael J. Mullen

  • Mannose-Binding Lectin Binds to a Range of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms and Promotes Complement Deposition

    Olaf Neth;Dominic L. Jack;Alister W. Dodds;Helen Holzel

  • Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Suppress Arthritis by Amplifying Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Regulatory B Cells

    Elizabeth C. Rosser;Elizabeth C. Rosser;Christopher J.M. Piper;Diana E. Matei;Paul A. Blair

  • Mannose-binding lectin: targeting the microbial world for complement attack and opsonophagocytosis.

    Dominic L. Jack;Nigel J. Klein;Malcolm W. Turner

  • Regulatory B cells are induced by gut microbiota-driven interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 production.

    Elizabeth C. Rosser;Kristine Oleinika;Silvia Tonon;Ronan Doyle

  • Mannose-binding lectin in innate immunity: past, present and future.

    R M Dommett;N Klein;M W Turner

  • CD40 Is Constitutively Expressed on Platelets and Provides a Novel Mechanism for Platelet Activation

    David P. Inwald;Alison McDowall;Mark J. Peters;Robin E. Callard

  • The hepatitis B virus HBx protein is a dual specificity cytoplasmic activator of Ras and nuclear activator of transcription factors.

    M. Doria;N. Klein;R. Lucito;R. J. Schneider

  • Ischemic Preconditioning Prevents Endothelial Injury and Systemic Neutrophil Activation During Ischemia-Reperfusion in Humans In Vivo

    Rajesh K. Kharbanda;Mark Peters;Benjamin Walton;Mia Kattenhorn

  • Genome-wide association study identifies FCGR2A as a susceptibility locus for Kawasaki disease.

    Chiea Chuen Khor;Chiea Chuen Khor;Sonia Davila;Sonia Davila;Willemijn B. Breunis;Yi Ching Lee

  • Interleukin-8 release and neutrophil degranulation after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass.

    Adam Finn;Suren Naik;Nigel Klein;Roland J. Levinsky

  • Deficiency of mannose-binding lectin and burden of infection in children with malignancy: a prospective study

    Olaf Neth;Ian Hann;Malcolm W Turner;Nigel J Klein

  • Management of Kawasaki disease

    D. Eleftheriou;M. Levin;D. Shingadia;Robert M R Tulloh

  • Kawasaki disease: an evidence based approach to diagnosis, treatment, and proposals for future research

    P.A. Brogan;A. Bose;David Burgner;D. Shingadia

  • Congenital Cytomegalovirus: A European Expert Consensus Statement on Diagnosis and Management.

    Suzanne E. Luck;Jantien W. Wieringa;Daniel Blázquez-Gamero;Philipp Henneke

  • Anti-TNF therapy inhibits fever in cerebral malaria

    Kwiatkowski D;Molyneux Me;Stephens S;Curtis N

  • Familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection in childhood: a human mycobacterial susceptibility gene?

    M. Levin;M.J. Newport;Panos Kalabalikis;N. Klein

  • Prevention of inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction - A novel vasculo-protective action of aspirin

    Rajesh K. Kharbanda;Benjamin Walton;Meredith Allen;Nigel Klein

Frequent Co-Authors

Diana M. Gibb
Diana M. Gibb University College London
Robin Callard
Robin Callard University College London
Michael Levin
Michael Levin Tufts University
Malcolm W. Turner
Malcolm W. Turner University College London
Agostino Pierro
Agostino Pierro University of Toronto
Neil J. Sebire
Neil J. Sebire Great Ormond Street Hospital
John E. Deanfield
John E. Deanfield University College London
Kimberly Gilmour
Kimberly Gilmour Great Ormond Street Hospital
Helen J. Lachmann
Helen J. Lachmann University College London
Robert S. Heyderman
Robert S. Heyderman University College London

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