World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!
Award Badge
Best Scientists
2025
Award Badge
Environmental Sciences
Finland
2026

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Best Scientists 174 739 675 9 8 2099 131605
Environmental Sciences 188 7 7 1 1 2023 146119

Markku Kulmala publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Markku Kulmala between 1986 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Markku Kulmala published across 40 years, from 1986 to 2025, averaging 55.9 papers a year. Output peaked at 124 publications in 2007. 86 of the 2,237 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
25 50 75 100
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1986 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 124. Peak 124 publications in 2007. 1986: 4 publications 1987: 9 publications 1988: 9 publications 1989: 8 publications 1990: 3 publications 1991: 15 publications 1992: 8 publications 1993: 12 publications 1994: 17 publications 1995: 30 publications 1996: 18 publications 1997: 25 publications 1998: 30 publications 1999: 27 publications 2000: 40 publications 2001: 50 publications 2002: 38 publications 2003: 50 publications 2004: 78 publications 2005: 65 publications 2006: 86 publications 2007: 124 publications 2008: 82 publications 2009: 94 publications 2010: 97 publications 2011: 110 publications 2012: 71 publications 2013: 124 publications 2014: 102 publications 2015: 67 publications 2016: 90 publications 2017: 61 publications 2018: 63 publications 2019: 54 publications 2020: 110 publications 2021: 121 publications 2022: 91 publications 2023: 68 publications 2024: 58 publications 2025: 28 publications
1986 2025

2,237 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Markku Kulmala: publications per year, 1986 to 2025
Year Publications
1986 4
1987 9
1988 9
1989 8
1990 3
1991 15
1992 8
1993 12
1994 17
1995 30
1996 18
1997 25
1998 30
1999 27
2000 40
2001 50
2002 38
2003 50
2004 78
2005 65
2006 86
2007 124
2008 82
2009 94
2010 97
2011 110
2012 71
2013 124
2014 102
2015 67
2016 90
2017 61
2018 63
2019 54
2020 110
2021 121
2022 91
2023 68
2024 58
2025 28
Total 2,237
Download as CSV

Markku Kulmala publications per year - data summary

  • Markku Kulmala, a Environmental Sciences scholar from University of Helsinki, has 2,237 publications recorded across 40 years, from 1986 to 2025.
  • The oldest publication on record dates to 1986 and the most recent to 2025.
  • The most productive years are 2007 and 2013, with 124 publications each.
  • The least productive year with any output is 1990, with 3 publications.
  • The rate of publication averages 55.9 papers per year over the whole span, or 55.9 per year counting only the 40 years with at least one publication.
  • The last 5 years on the chart (2021-2025) hold 366 publications, 16% of the career total.
  • Split into equal eras - 1986-1999: 215 publications (15.4 per year); 2000-2013: 1,109 publications (79.2 per year); 2014-2025: 913 publications (76.1 per year).
  • Comparing the opening and closing eras, the overall trend of publication is rising.

Markku Kulmala publication distribution in Environmental Sciences in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Environmental Sciences in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Markku Kulmala sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600
Bar chart with 66 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 41–50 to 690+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 617. Most scientists, 617, have 121–130 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 690 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 690+ publications, is where this scientist sits. 41–50 publications: 21 scientists 51–60 publications: 62 scientists 61–70 publications: 133 scientists 71–80 publications: 257 scientists 81–90 publications: 361 scientists 91–100 publications: 440 scientists 101–110 publications: 492 scientists 111–120 publications: 541 scientists 121–130 publications: 617 scientists 131–140 publications: 544 scientists 141–150 publications: 541 scientists 151–160 publications: 539 scientists 161–170 publications: 444 scientists 171–180 publications: 444 scientists 181–190 publications: 400 scientists 191–200 publications: 377 scientists 201–210 publications: 318 scientists 211–220 publications: 282 scientists 221–230 publications: 263 scientists 231–240 publications: 220 scientists 241–250 publications: 217 scientists 251–260 publications: 180 scientists 261–270 publications: 181 scientists 271–280 publications: 155 scientists 281–290 publications: 130 scientists 291–300 publications: 127 scientists 301–310 publications: 130 scientists 311–320 publications: 85 scientists 321–330 publications: 106 scientists 331–340 publications: 80 scientists 341–350 publications: 83 scientists 351–360 publications: 75 scientists 361–370 publications: 69 scientists 371–380 publications: 52 scientists 381–390 publications: 54 scientists 391–400 publications: 56 scientists 401–410 publications: 44 scientists 411–420 publications: 40 scientists 421–430 publications: 36 scientists 431–440 publications: 25 scientists 441–450 publications: 25 scientists 451–460 publications: 32 scientists 461–470 publications: 29 scientists 471–480 publications: 21 scientists 481–490 publications: 26 scientists 491–500 publications: 26 scientists 501–510 publications: 17 scientists 511–520 publications: 19 scientists 521–530 publications: 15 scientists 531–540 publications: 22 scientists 541–550 publications: 12 scientists 551–560 publications: 15 scientists 561–570 publications: 11 scientists 571–580 publications: 19 scientists 581–590 publications: 9 scientists 591–600 publications: 9 scientists 601–610 publications: 7 scientists 611–620 publications: 11 scientists 621–630 publications: 5 scientists 631–640 publications: 5 scientists 641–650 publications: 6 scientists 651–660 publications: 3 scientists 661–670 publications: 3 scientists 671–680 publications: 4 scientists 681–689 publications: 4 scientists 690+ publications: 100 scientists
41–50 publications 690+

This scientist: 2,023 publications — 100th percentile

100% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 690 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Environmental Sciences scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 9,676 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
41–50 21
51–60 62
61–70 133
71–80 257
81–90 361
91–100 440
101–110 492
111–120 541
121–130 617
131–140 544
141–150 541
151–160 539
161–170 444
171–180 444
181–190 400
191–200 377
201–210 318
211–220 282
221–230 263
231–240 220
241–250 217
251–260 180
261–270 181
271–280 155
281–290 130
291–300 127
301–310 130
311–320 85
321–330 106
331–340 80
341–350 83
351–360 75
361–370 69
371–380 52
381–390 54
391–400 56
401–410 44
411–420 40
421–430 36
431–440 25
441–450 25
451–460 32
461–470 29
471–480 21
481–490 26
491–500 26
501–510 17
511–520 19
521–530 15
531–540 22
541–550 12
551–560 15
561–570 11
571–580 19
581–590 9
591–600 9
601–610 7
611–620 11
621–630 5
631–640 5
641–650 6
651–660 3
661–670 3
671–680 4
681–689 4
690+ 100 2,023
Download as CSV

Markku Kulmala publication distribution in Environmental Sciences in 2026 - data summary

  • The chart plots the publication count of all 9,676 Environmental Sciences scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026, grouped into 66 ranges running from 41–50 to 690+ publications.
  • Markku Kulmala, a Environmental Sciences scholar from University of Helsinki, records 2,023 publications - the 100th percentile of the discipline.
  • 100% of ranked Environmental Sciences scientists score the same or lower than Markku Kulmala, and about 0% score higher.
  • The median of the discipline falls in the 161–170 publications range, and Markku Kulmala ranks above the median.
  • The most crowded range is 121–130 publications, holding 617 scientists (6% of the field).
  • 67% of the field sits in the lowest quarter of the value range (up to 201–210 publications), so the distribution is heavily right-skewed and high scores are rare.
  • The final bar has no upper bound: it groups every scientist with 690 publications or more, 100 scientists in all (1% of the field).

Markku Kulmala D-index placement in Environmental Sciences in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Environmental Sciences scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Markku Kulmala sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
100 200 300
Bar chart with 97 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 30 to 126+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 348. Most scientists, 348, have 45 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 126 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 126+ D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 30 D-Index: 12 scientists 31 D-Index: 26 scientists 32 D-Index: 51 scientists 33 D-Index: 88 scientists 34 D-Index: 123 scientists 35 D-Index: 163 scientists 36 D-Index: 206 scientists 37 D-Index: 267 scientists 38 D-Index: 265 scientists 39 D-Index: 275 scientists 40 D-Index: 321 scientists 41 D-Index: 343 scientists 42 D-Index: 305 scientists 43 D-Index: 336 scientists 44 D-Index: 330 scientists 45 D-Index: 348 scientists 46 D-Index: 291 scientists 47 D-Index: 275 scientists 48 D-Index: 272 scientists 49 D-Index: 273 scientists 50 D-Index: 263 scientists 51 D-Index: 232 scientists 52 D-Index: 266 scientists 53 D-Index: 217 scientists 54 D-Index: 198 scientists 55 D-Index: 177 scientists 56 D-Index: 202 scientists 57 D-Index: 204 scientists 58 D-Index: 166 scientists 59 D-Index: 177 scientists 60 D-Index: 166 scientists 61 D-Index: 152 scientists 62 D-Index: 143 scientists 63 D-Index: 150 scientists 64 D-Index: 124 scientists 65 D-Index: 119 scientists 66 D-Index: 120 scientists 67 D-Index: 118 scientists 68 D-Index: 82 scientists 69 D-Index: 98 scientists 70 D-Index: 94 scientists 71 D-Index: 105 scientists 72 D-Index: 74 scientists 73 D-Index: 84 scientists 74 D-Index: 70 scientists 75 D-Index: 67 scientists 76 D-Index: 78 scientists 77 D-Index: 60 scientists 78 D-Index: 59 scientists 79 D-Index: 52 scientists 80 D-Index: 47 scientists 81 D-Index: 38 scientists 82 D-Index: 48 scientists 83 D-Index: 42 scientists 84 D-Index: 42 scientists 85 D-Index: 43 scientists 86 D-Index: 29 scientists 87 D-Index: 37 scientists 88 D-Index: 29 scientists 89 D-Index: 30 scientists 90 D-Index: 34 scientists 91 D-Index: 20 scientists 92 D-Index: 22 scientists 93 D-Index: 17 scientists 94 D-Index: 19 scientists 95 D-Index: 24 scientists 96 D-Index: 21 scientists 97 D-Index: 20 scientists 98 D-Index: 24 scientists 99 D-Index: 17 scientists 100 D-Index: 17 scientists 101 D-Index: 21 scientists 102 D-Index: 25 scientists 103 D-Index: 18 scientists 104 D-Index: 26 scientists 105 D-Index: 20 scientists 106 D-Index: 15 scientists 107 D-Index: 10 scientists 108 D-Index: 13 scientists 109 D-Index: 15 scientists 110 D-Index: 12 scientists 111 D-Index: 8 scientists 112 D-Index: 7 scientists 113 D-Index: 9 scientists 114 D-Index: 6 scientists 115 D-Index: 12 scientists 116 D-Index: 7 scientists 117 D-Index: 8 scientists 118 D-Index: 3 scientists 119 D-Index: 5 scientists 120 D-Index: 7 scientists 121 D-Index: 2 scientists 122 D-Index: 4 scientists 123 D-Index: 8 scientists 124 D-Index: 7 scientists 125 D-Index: 9 scientists 126+ D-Index: 92 scientists
30 D-Index 126+

This scientist: 188 D-Index — 100th percentile

100% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 126 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Environmental Sciences scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 9,676 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
30 12
31 26
32 51
33 88
34 123
35 163
36 206
37 267
38 265
39 275
40 321
41 343
42 305
43 336
44 330
45 348
46 291
47 275
48 272
49 273
50 263
51 232
52 266
53 217
54 198
55 177
56 202
57 204
58 166
59 177
60 166
61 152
62 143
63 150
64 124
65 119
66 120
67 118
68 82
69 98
70 94
71 105
72 74
73 84
74 70
75 67
76 78
77 60
78 59
79 52
80 47
81 38
82 48
83 42
84 42
85 43
86 29
87 37
88 29
89 30
90 34
91 20
92 22
93 17
94 19
95 24
96 21
97 20
98 24
99 17
100 17
101 21
102 25
103 18
104 26
105 20
106 15
107 10
108 13
109 15
110 12
111 8
112 7
113 9
114 6
115 12
116 7
117 8
118 3
119 5
120 7
121 2
122 4
123 8
124 7
125 9
126+ 92 188
Download as CSV

Markku Kulmala D-index placement in Environmental Sciences in 2026 - data summary

  • The chart plots the discipline H-index (D-index) of all 9,676 Environmental Sciences scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026, grouped into 97 ranges running from 30 to 126+ D-Index.
  • Markku Kulmala, a Environmental Sciences scholar from University of Helsinki, records 188 D-Index - the 100th percentile of the discipline.
  • 100% of ranked Environmental Sciences scientists score the same or lower than Markku Kulmala, and about 0% score higher.
  • The median of the discipline falls in the 51 D-Index range, and Markku Kulmala ranks above the median.
  • The most crowded range is 45 D-Index, holding 348 scientists (4% of the field).
  • 59% of the field sits in the lowest quarter of the value range (up to 54 D-Index), so the distribution is heavily right-skewed and high scores are rare.
  • The final bar has no upper bound: it groups every scientist with 126 D-Index or more, 92 scientists in all (<1% of the field).

Research.com Recognitions

  • 2026 - Research.com Environmental Sciences in Finland Leader Award
  • 2025 - Research.com Best Scientists Award
  • 2025 - Research.com Environmental Sciences in Finland Leader Award
  • 2023 - Research.com Environmental Sciences in Finland Leader Award
  • 2022 - Research.com Environmental Sciences in Finland Leader Award
  • 2016 - Fellow, The World Academy of Sciences
  • 2012 - Member of Academia Europaea
  • 2009 - Fellow of American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Overview

Markku Kulmala is affiliated with the University of Helsinki in Finland. Their research spans multiple disciplines, focusing on environmental and earth sciences with a strong emphasis on atmospheric phenomena.

The scientist's main fields of study include:

  • Environmental Science
  • Earth and Planetary Sciences

Within these disciplines, their subfields of study are:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Global and Planetary Change
  • Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
  • Environmental Engineering
  • General Health Professions

Kulmala's work concentrates on key research topics such as:

  • Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
  • Air Quality and Health Impacts
  • Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
  • Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
  • Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
  • Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
  • Plant responses to elevated CO2

Frequent publication venues for their academic output include:

  • Atmospheric chemistry and physics
  • Helda (University of Helsinki)
  • Boreal Environment Research Journal Archive
  • Environmental Science & Technology
  • Environmental Science Atmospheres

Selected recent papers by Kulmala and colleagues are:

  • Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland, 2024, Boreal Environment Research Journal Archive
  • Contrasting trends of PM2.5 and surface-ozone concentrations in China from 2013 to 2017, 2020, National Science Review
  • Climate Change and Weather Extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, 2022, Reviews of Geophysics
  • Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation, 2020, Nature
  • Differing Mechanisms of New Particle Formation at Two Arctic Sites, 2020, Geophysical Research Letters

The scientist has collaborated frequently with other researchers such as:

  • Tuukka Petäjä
  • Veli-Matti Kerminen
  • Chao Yan
  • Federico Bianchi
  • Lubna Dada

Among the honors received are:

  • Fellow, The World Academy of Sciences (2016)
  • Member of Academia Europaea (2012)
  • Fellow of American Geophysical Union (AGU) (2009)
  • Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Best Publications

  • Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere

    J. L. Jimenez;M. R. Canagaratna;N. M. Donahue;A. S. H. Prevot

  • Formation and growth rates of ultrafine atmospheric particles: a review of observations

    M Kulmala;Hanna Tuula Katariina Vehkamäki;Tuukka Petäjä;M Dal Maso

  • Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?

    Daniel Rosenfeld;Ulrike Lohmann;Graciela B. Raga;Colin D. O'Dowd

  • A large source of low-volatility secondary organic aerosol

    Mikael Ehn;Joel A. Thornton;Einhard Kleist;Mikko Sipila

  • Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation

    Jasper Kirkby;Joachim Curtius;João Almeida;João Almeida;Eimear Dunne

  • Direct observations of atmospheric aerosol nucleation.

    Markku Kulmala;Jenni Kontkanen;Heikki Junninen;Katrianne Lehtipalo

  • Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid-amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere

    Joao Almeida;Joao Almeida;Siegfried Schobesberger;Andreas Kürten;Ismael K. Ortega

  • Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol

    Federico Bianchi;Theo Kurtén;Matthieu Riva;Claudia Mohr

  • Atmospheric composition change – global and regional air quality

    P.S. Monks;Claire Granier;Claire Granier;Claire Granier;S. Fuzzi;A. Stohl

  • Stable sulphate clusters as a source of new atmospheric particles

    Markku Kulmala;Liisa Pirjola;Jyrki M. Mäkelä

  • Marine aerosol formation from biogenic iodine emissions

    Colin D. O'Dowd;Colin D. O'Dowd;Jose L. Jimenez;Richard C. Bahreini;Richard C. Flagan

  • Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland

    Miikka Dal Maso;Markku Kulmala;Ilona Riipinen;Robert Wagner

  • An amorphous solid state of biogenic secondary organic aerosol particles

    Annele Virtanen;Jorma Joutsensaari;Thomas Koop;Jonna Kannosto

  • The Role of Sulfuric Acid in Atmospheric Nucleation

    Mikko Sipilä;Mikko Sipilä;Torsten Berndt;Tuukka Petäjä;David Brus;David Brus

  • The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere

    Jasmin Tröstl;Wayne K. Chuang;Hamish Gordon;Martin Heinritzi

  • Enhanced haze pollution by black carbon in megacities in China

    A. J. Ding;X. Huang;W. Nie;J. N. Sun

  • Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles

    Jasper Kirkby;Jasper Kirkby;Jonathan Duplissy;Jonathan Duplissy;Kamalika Sengupta;Carla Frege

  • How Particles Nucleate and Grow

    Markku Kulmala

  • Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations: SMEAR

    Pertti Hari;Eero Nikinmaa;Toivo Pohja;Erkki Siivola

  • Ultrafine particles in cities

    Prashant Kumar;Lidia Morawska;Wolfram Birmili;Pauli Paasonen

  • An improved parameterization for sulfuric acid-water nucleation rates for tropospheric and stratospheric conditions

    Hanna Tuula Katariina Vehkamäki;M Kulmala;I Napari;K E J Lehtinen

Frequent Co-Authors

Tuukka Petäjä
Tuukka Petäjä University of Helsinki
Ari Laaksonen
Ari Laaksonen Finnish Meteorological Institute
Pasi Aalto
Pasi Aalto University of Helsinki
Heikki Junninen
Heikki Junninen University of Tartu
Hanna Vehkamäki
Hanna Vehkamäki University of Helsinki
Lauri Laakso
Lauri Laakso Finnish Meteorological Institute
Veli-Matti Kerminen
Veli-Matti Kerminen University of Helsinki
Katrianne Lehtipalo
Katrianne Lehtipalo University of Helsinki
Mikael Ehn
Mikael Ehn University of Helsinki
Ilona Riipinen
Ilona Riipinen Stockholm University

If you think any of the details on this page are incorrect, let us know.

Report an issue

We appreciate your kind effort to assist us to improve this page, it would be helpful providing us with as much detail as possible in the text box below:

Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

For students interested in broadening their expertise beyond Environmental Sciences, several related online degree options offer valuable career pathways. For those seeking advanced qualifications, consider programs like the dsw program, which prepares graduates for leadership roles in social work—a career field increasingly connected to environmental justice and community health.

If affordability is a key concern, many universities offer budget friendly online general studies degree programs. These degrees provide flexibility and a broad academic foundation, allowing students to tailor their coursework toward environmental topics while managing costs effectively.

For those just starting their higher education journey, exploring some of the easiest bachelors degree options can be a strategic way to build confidence and earn credentials in less time. Many of these programs still allow for specialization or electives that align with environmental interests.

Additionally, an online geoscience online degree is an excellent complement to Environmental Sciences, providing focused training in earth processes and natural resources. Graduates in this field are well-equipped for careers in environmental consulting, conservation, and research.

Best Scientists Citing Markku Kulmala

Trending Scientists

Recently Published Articles