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Environmental Sciences
Finland
2026

D-Index & Metrics

Best Scientists

D-Index
174
Citations
131605
World Ranking
739
National Ranking
9

Environmental Sciences

D-Index
188
Citations
146119
World Ranking
7
National Ranking
1

Markku Kulmala publication distribution in Environmental Sciences in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Environmental Sciences in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Markku Kulmala sits on this spectrum.

41–50 publications: 21 scientists 51–60 publications: 62 scientists 61–70 publications: 133 scientists 71–80 publications: 257 scientists 81–90 publications: 361 scientists 91–100 publications: 440 scientists 101–110 publications: 492 scientists 111–120 publications: 541 scientists 121–130 publications: 617 scientists 131–140 publications: 544 scientists 141–150 publications: 541 scientists 151–160 publications: 539 scientists 161–170 publications: 444 scientists 171–180 publications: 444 scientists 181–190 publications: 400 scientists 191–200 publications: 377 scientists 201–210 publications: 318 scientists 211–220 publications: 282 scientists 221–230 publications: 263 scientists 231–240 publications: 220 scientists 241–250 publications: 217 scientists 251–260 publications: 180 scientists 261–270 publications: 181 scientists 271–280 publications: 155 scientists 281–290 publications: 130 scientists 291–300 publications: 127 scientists 301–310 publications: 130 scientists 311–320 publications: 85 scientists 321–330 publications: 106 scientists 331–340 publications: 80 scientists 341–350 publications: 83 scientists 351–360 publications: 75 scientists 361–370 publications: 69 scientists 371–380 publications: 52 scientists 381–390 publications: 54 scientists 391–400 publications: 56 scientists 401–410 publications: 44 scientists 411–420 publications: 40 scientists 421–430 publications: 36 scientists 431–440 publications: 25 scientists 441–450 publications: 25 scientists 451–460 publications: 32 scientists 461–470 publications: 29 scientists 471–480 publications: 21 scientists 481–490 publications: 26 scientists 491–500 publications: 26 scientists 501–510 publications: 17 scientists 511–520 publications: 19 scientists 521–530 publications: 15 scientists 531–540 publications: 22 scientists 541–550 publications: 12 scientists 551–560 publications: 15 scientists 561–570 publications: 11 scientists 571–580 publications: 19 scientists 581–590 publications: 9 scientists 591–600 publications: 9 scientists 601–610 publications: 7 scientists 611–620 publications: 11 scientists 621–630 publications: 5 scientists 631–640 publications: 5 scientists 641–650 publications: 6 scientists 651–660 publications: 3 scientists 661–670 publications: 3 scientists 671–680 publications: 4 scientists 681–689 publications: 4 scientists 690+ publications: 100 scientists
41 publications 690+

This scientist: 2,023 publications — 100th percentile

100% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 690 publications or more.

Markku Kulmala D-index placement in Environmental Sciences in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Environmental Sciences scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Markku Kulmala sits on this spectrum.

30 D-Index: 12 scientists 31 D-Index: 26 scientists 32 D-Index: 51 scientists 33 D-Index: 88 scientists 34 D-Index: 123 scientists 35 D-Index: 163 scientists 36 D-Index: 206 scientists 37 D-Index: 267 scientists 38 D-Index: 265 scientists 39 D-Index: 275 scientists 40 D-Index: 321 scientists 41 D-Index: 343 scientists 42 D-Index: 305 scientists 43 D-Index: 336 scientists 44 D-Index: 330 scientists 45 D-Index: 348 scientists 46 D-Index: 291 scientists 47 D-Index: 275 scientists 48 D-Index: 272 scientists 49 D-Index: 273 scientists 50 D-Index: 263 scientists 51 D-Index: 232 scientists 52 D-Index: 266 scientists 53 D-Index: 217 scientists 54 D-Index: 198 scientists 55 D-Index: 177 scientists 56 D-Index: 202 scientists 57 D-Index: 204 scientists 58 D-Index: 166 scientists 59 D-Index: 177 scientists 60 D-Index: 166 scientists 61 D-Index: 152 scientists 62 D-Index: 143 scientists 63 D-Index: 150 scientists 64 D-Index: 124 scientists 65 D-Index: 119 scientists 66 D-Index: 120 scientists 67 D-Index: 118 scientists 68 D-Index: 82 scientists 69 D-Index: 98 scientists 70 D-Index: 94 scientists 71 D-Index: 105 scientists 72 D-Index: 74 scientists 73 D-Index: 84 scientists 74 D-Index: 70 scientists 75 D-Index: 67 scientists 76 D-Index: 78 scientists 77 D-Index: 60 scientists 78 D-Index: 59 scientists 79 D-Index: 52 scientists 80 D-Index: 47 scientists 81 D-Index: 38 scientists 82 D-Index: 48 scientists 83 D-Index: 42 scientists 84 D-Index: 42 scientists 85 D-Index: 43 scientists 86 D-Index: 29 scientists 87 D-Index: 37 scientists 88 D-Index: 29 scientists 89 D-Index: 30 scientists 90 D-Index: 34 scientists 91 D-Index: 20 scientists 92 D-Index: 22 scientists 93 D-Index: 17 scientists 94 D-Index: 19 scientists 95 D-Index: 24 scientists 96 D-Index: 21 scientists 97 D-Index: 20 scientists 98 D-Index: 24 scientists 99 D-Index: 17 scientists 100 D-Index: 17 scientists 101 D-Index: 21 scientists 102 D-Index: 25 scientists 103 D-Index: 18 scientists 104 D-Index: 26 scientists 105 D-Index: 20 scientists 106 D-Index: 15 scientists 107 D-Index: 10 scientists 108 D-Index: 13 scientists 109 D-Index: 15 scientists 110 D-Index: 12 scientists 111 D-Index: 8 scientists 112 D-Index: 7 scientists 113 D-Index: 9 scientists 114 D-Index: 6 scientists 115 D-Index: 12 scientists 116 D-Index: 7 scientists 117 D-Index: 8 scientists 118 D-Index: 3 scientists 119 D-Index: 5 scientists 120 D-Index: 7 scientists 121 D-Index: 2 scientists 122 D-Index: 4 scientists 123 D-Index: 8 scientists 124 D-Index: 7 scientists 125 D-Index: 9 scientists 126+ D-Index: 92 scientists
30 D-Index 126+

This scientist: 188 D-Index — 100th percentile

100% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 126 D-Index or more.

Research.com Recognitions

  • 2026 - Research.com Environmental Sciences in Finland Leader Award
  • 2025 - Research.com Best Scientists Award
  • 2025 - Research.com Environmental Sciences in Finland Leader Award
  • 2023 - Research.com Environmental Sciences in Finland Leader Award
  • 2022 - Research.com Environmental Sciences in Finland Leader Award
  • 2016 - Fellow, The World Academy of Sciences
  • 2012 - Member of Academia Europaea
  • 2009 - Fellow of American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Overview

Markku Kulmala is affiliated with the University of Helsinki in Finland. Their research spans multiple disciplines, focusing on environmental and earth sciences with a strong emphasis on atmospheric phenomena.

The scientist's main fields of study include:

  • Environmental Science
  • Earth and Planetary Sciences

Within these disciplines, their subfields of study are:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Global and Planetary Change
  • Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
  • Environmental Engineering
  • General Health Professions

Kulmala's work concentrates on key research topics such as:

  • Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
  • Air Quality and Health Impacts
  • Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
  • Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
  • Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
  • Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
  • Plant responses to elevated CO2

Frequent publication venues for their academic output include:

  • Atmospheric chemistry and physics
  • Helda (University of Helsinki)
  • Boreal Environment Research Journal Archive
  • Environmental Science & Technology
  • Environmental Science Atmospheres

Selected recent papers by Kulmala and colleagues are:

  • Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland, 2024, Boreal Environment Research Journal Archive
  • Contrasting trends of PM2.5 and surface-ozone concentrations in China from 2013 to 2017, 2020, National Science Review
  • Climate Change and Weather Extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, 2022, Reviews of Geophysics
  • Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation, 2020, Nature
  • Differing Mechanisms of New Particle Formation at Two Arctic Sites, 2020, Geophysical Research Letters

The scientist has collaborated frequently with other researchers such as:

  • Tuukka Petäjä
  • Veli-Matti Kerminen
  • Chao Yan
  • Federico Bianchi
  • Lubna Dada

Among the honors received are:

  • Fellow, The World Academy of Sciences (2016)
  • Member of Academia Europaea (2012)
  • Fellow of American Geophysical Union (AGU) (2009)
  • Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Best Publications

  • Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere

    J. L. Jimenez;M. R. Canagaratna;N. M. Donahue;A. S. H. Prevot

  • Formation and growth rates of ultrafine atmospheric particles: a review of observations

    M Kulmala;Hanna Tuula Katariina Vehkamäki;Tuukka Petäjä;M Dal Maso

  • Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?

    Daniel Rosenfeld;Ulrike Lohmann;Graciela B. Raga;Colin D. O'Dowd

  • A large source of low-volatility secondary organic aerosol

    Mikael Ehn;Joel A. Thornton;Einhard Kleist;Mikko Sipila

  • Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation

    Jasper Kirkby;Joachim Curtius;João Almeida;João Almeida;Eimear Dunne

  • Direct observations of atmospheric aerosol nucleation.

    Markku Kulmala;Jenni Kontkanen;Heikki Junninen;Katrianne Lehtipalo

  • Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid-amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere

    Joao Almeida;Joao Almeida;Siegfried Schobesberger;Andreas Kürten;Ismael K. Ortega

  • Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol

    Federico Bianchi;Theo Kurtén;Matthieu Riva;Claudia Mohr

  • Atmospheric composition change – global and regional air quality

    P.S. Monks;Claire Granier;Claire Granier;Claire Granier;S. Fuzzi;A. Stohl

  • Stable sulphate clusters as a source of new atmospheric particles

    Markku Kulmala;Liisa Pirjola;Jyrki M. Mäkelä

  • Marine aerosol formation from biogenic iodine emissions

    Colin D. O'Dowd;Colin D. O'Dowd;Jose L. Jimenez;Richard C. Bahreini;Richard C. Flagan

  • Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland

    Miikka Dal Maso;Markku Kulmala;Ilona Riipinen;Robert Wagner

  • An amorphous solid state of biogenic secondary organic aerosol particles

    Annele Virtanen;Jorma Joutsensaari;Thomas Koop;Jonna Kannosto

  • The Role of Sulfuric Acid in Atmospheric Nucleation

    Mikko Sipilä;Mikko Sipilä;Torsten Berndt;Tuukka Petäjä;David Brus;David Brus

  • The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere

    Jasmin Tröstl;Wayne K. Chuang;Hamish Gordon;Martin Heinritzi

  • Enhanced haze pollution by black carbon in megacities in China

    A. J. Ding;X. Huang;W. Nie;J. N. Sun

  • Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles

    Jasper Kirkby;Jasper Kirkby;Jonathan Duplissy;Jonathan Duplissy;Kamalika Sengupta;Carla Frege

  • How Particles Nucleate and Grow

    Markku Kulmala

  • Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations: SMEAR

    Pertti Hari;Eero Nikinmaa;Toivo Pohja;Erkki Siivola

  • Ultrafine particles in cities

    Prashant Kumar;Lidia Morawska;Wolfram Birmili;Pauli Paasonen

  • An improved parameterization for sulfuric acid-water nucleation rates for tropospheric and stratospheric conditions

    Hanna Tuula Katariina Vehkamäki;M Kulmala;I Napari;K E J Lehtinen

Frequent Co-Authors

Tuukka Petäjä
Tuukka Petäjä University of Helsinki
Ari Laaksonen
Ari Laaksonen Finnish Meteorological Institute
Pasi Aalto
Pasi Aalto University of Helsinki
Heikki Junninen
Heikki Junninen University of Tartu
Hanna Vehkamäki
Hanna Vehkamäki University of Helsinki
Lauri Laakso
Lauri Laakso Finnish Meteorological Institute
Veli-Matti Kerminen
Veli-Matti Kerminen University of Helsinki
Katrianne Lehtipalo
Katrianne Lehtipalo University of Helsinki
Mikael Ehn
Mikael Ehn University of Helsinki
Ilona Riipinen
Ilona Riipinen Stockholm University

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Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

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If affordability is a key concern, many universities offer budget friendly online general studies degree programs. These degrees provide flexibility and a broad academic foundation, allowing students to tailor their coursework toward environmental topics while managing costs effectively.

For those just starting their higher education journey, exploring some of the easiest bachelors degree options can be a strategic way to build confidence and earn credentials in less time. Many of these programs still allow for specialization or electives that align with environmental interests.

Additionally, an online geoscience online degree is an excellent complement to Environmental Sciences, providing focused training in earth processes and natural resources. Graduates in this field are well-equipped for careers in environmental consulting, conservation, and research.

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