World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!
VIEW LIST
Kenneth W. Spence

Kenneth W. Spence

University of Iowa
United States

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking National Ranking Publications Citations
Psychology 46 6321 3425 98 12122

Kenneth W. Spence publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Kenneth W. Spence between 1950 and 2024, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Kenneth W. Spence published across 75 years, from 1950 to 2024, averaging 1 paper a year. Output peaked at 7 publications in 1954. 1 of the 74 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
2 4 6
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1950 to 2024. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 7. Peak 7 publications in 1954. 1950: 3 publications 1951: 1 publication 1952: 3 publications 1953: 6 publications 1954: 7 publications 1955: 0 publications 1956: 3 publications 1957: 2 publications 1958: 5 publications 1959: 4 publications 1960: 4 publications 1961: 4 publications 1962: 0 publications 1963: 4 publications 1964: 4 publications 1965: 3 publications 1966: 6 publications 1967: 2 publications 1968: 0 publications 1969: 0 publications 1970: 0 publications 1971: 1 publication 1972: 0 publications 1973: 0 publications 1974: 0 publications 1975: 0 publications 1976: 0 publications 1977: 0 publications 1978: 1 publication 1979: 0 publications 1980: 0 publications 1981: 0 publications 1982: 0 publications 1983: 0 publications 1984: 0 publications 1985: 0 publications 1986: 0 publications 1987: 0 publications 1988: 0 publications 1989: 0 publications 1990: 0 publications 1991: 0 publications 1992: 0 publications 1993: 0 publications 1994: 0 publications 1995: 0 publications 1996: 0 publications 1997: 0 publications 1998: 0 publications 1999: 0 publications 2000: 0 publications 2001: 0 publications 2002: 0 publications 2003: 0 publications 2004: 7 publications 2005: 0 publications 2006: 0 publications 2007: 2 publications 2008: 0 publications 2009: 0 publications 2010: 0 publications 2011: 0 publications 2012: 0 publications 2013: 0 publications 2014: 0 publications 2015: 0 publications 2016: 0 publications 2017: 0 publications 2018: 0 publications 2019: 0 publications 2020: 0 publications 2021: 0 publications 2022: 1 publication 2023: 0 publications 2024: 1 publication
1950 2024

74 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Kenneth W. Spence: publications per year, 1950 to 2024
Year Publications
1950 3
1951 1
1952 3
1953 6
1954 7
1955 0
1956 3
1957 2
1958 5
1959 4
1960 4
1961 4
1962 0
1963 4
1964 4
1965 3
1966 6
1967 2
1968 0
1969 0
1970 0
1971 1
1972 0
1973 0
1974 0
1975 0
1976 0
1977 0
1978 1
1979 0
1980 0
1981 0
1982 0
1983 0
1984 0
1985 0
1986 0
1987 0
1988 0
1989 0
1990 0
1991 0
1992 0
1993 0
1994 0
1995 0
1996 0
1997 0
1998 0
1999 0
2000 0
2001 0
2002 0
2003 0
2004 7
2005 0
2006 0
2007 2
2008 0
2009 0
2010 0
2011 0
2012 0
2013 0
2014 0
2015 0
2016 0
2017 0
2018 0
2019 0
2020 0
2021 0
2022 1
2023 0
2024 1
Total 74
Download as CSV

Kenneth W. Spence publication distribution in Psychology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Psychology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Kenneth W. Spence sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600
Bar chart with 69 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 31–40 to 705+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 736. Most scientists, 736, have 101–110 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 705 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 91–100 publications, is where this scientist sits. 31–40 publications: 6 scientists 41–50 publications: 52 scientists 51–60 publications: 138 scientists 61–70 publications: 299 scientists 71–80 publications: 461 scientists 81–90 publications: 605 scientists 91–100 publications: 713 scientists 101–110 publications: 736 scientists 111–120 publications: 686 scientists 121–130 publications: 670 scientists 131–140 publications: 644 scientists 141–150 publications: 597 scientists 151–160 publications: 576 scientists 161–170 publications: 477 scientists 171–180 publications: 450 scientists 181–190 publications: 397 scientists 191–200 publications: 343 scientists 201–210 publications: 328 scientists 211–220 publications: 313 scientists 221–230 publications: 283 scientists 231–240 publications: 226 scientists 241–250 publications: 196 scientists 251–260 publications: 201 scientists 261–270 publications: 171 scientists 271–280 publications: 151 scientists 281–290 publications: 139 scientists 291–300 publications: 113 scientists 301–310 publications: 102 scientists 311–320 publications: 100 scientists 321–330 publications: 76 scientists 331–340 publications: 92 scientists 341–350 publications: 85 scientists 351–360 publications: 69 scientists 361–370 publications: 71 scientists 371–380 publications: 63 scientists 381–390 publications: 58 scientists 391–400 publications: 57 scientists 401–410 publications: 43 scientists 411–420 publications: 33 scientists 421–430 publications: 50 scientists 431–440 publications: 41 scientists 441–450 publications: 32 scientists 451–460 publications: 27 scientists 461–470 publications: 28 scientists 471–480 publications: 25 scientists 481–490 publications: 28 scientists 491–500 publications: 20 scientists 501–510 publications: 23 scientists 511–520 publications: 26 scientists 521–530 publications: 17 scientists 531–540 publications: 21 scientists 541–550 publications: 14 scientists 551–560 publications: 16 scientists 561–570 publications: 10 scientists 571–580 publications: 22 scientists 581–590 publications: 9 scientists 591–600 publications: 14 scientists 601–610 publications: 9 scientists 611–620 publications: 11 scientists 621–630 publications: 4 scientists 631–640 publications: 7 scientists 641–650 publications: 5 scientists 651–660 publications: 10 scientists 661–670 publications: 8 scientists 671–680 publications: 8 scientists 681–690 publications: 4 scientists 691–700 publications: 3 scientists 701–704 publications: 4 scientists 705+ publications: 100 scientists
31–40 publications 705+

This scientist: 98 publications — 19th percentile

19% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 705 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Psychology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 11,416 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
31–40 6
41–50 52
51–60 138
61–70 299
71–80 461
81–90 605
91–100 713 98
101–110 736
111–120 686
121–130 670
131–140 644
141–150 597
151–160 576
161–170 477
171–180 450
181–190 397
191–200 343
201–210 328
211–220 313
221–230 283
231–240 226
241–250 196
251–260 201
261–270 171
271–280 151
281–290 139
291–300 113
301–310 102
311–320 100
321–330 76
331–340 92
341–350 85
351–360 69
361–370 71
371–380 63
381–390 58
391–400 57
401–410 43
411–420 33
421–430 50
431–440 41
441–450 32
451–460 27
461–470 28
471–480 25
481–490 28
491–500 20
501–510 23
511–520 26
521–530 17
531–540 21
541–550 14
551–560 16
561–570 10
571–580 22
581–590 9
591–600 14
601–610 9
611–620 11
621–630 4
631–640 7
641–650 5
651–660 10
661–670 8
671–680 8
681–690 4
691–700 3
701–704 4
705+ 100
Download as CSV

Kenneth W. Spence D-index placement in Psychology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Psychology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Kenneth W. Spence sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600
Bar chart with 58 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 30–31 to 144+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 702. Most scientists, 702, have 32–33 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 144 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 46–47 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 30–31 D-Index: 398 scientists 32–33 D-Index: 702 scientists 34–35 D-Index: 671 scientists 36–37 D-Index: 659 scientists 38–39 D-Index: 641 scientists 40–41 D-Index: 671 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 617 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 558 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 495 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 487 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 445 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 390 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 408 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 345 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 325 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 321 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 248 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 290 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 218 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 219 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 215 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 183 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 169 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 132 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 137 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 120 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 112 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 86 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 101 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 83 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 77 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 70 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 78 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 58 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 53 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 57 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 48 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 53 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 46 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 24 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 35 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 27 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 32 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 31 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 22 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 16 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 24 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 18 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 11 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 19 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 10 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 16 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 10 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 12 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 8 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 5 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 12 scientists 144+ D-Index: 98 scientists
30–31 D-Index 144+

This scientist: 46 D-Index — 45th percentile

45% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 144 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Psychology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 11,416 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
30–31 398
32–33 702
34–35 671
36–37 659
38–39 641
40–41 671
42–43 617
44–45 558
46–47 495 46
48–49 487
50–51 445
52–53 390
54–55 408
56–57 345
58–59 325
60–61 321
62–63 248
64–65 290
66–67 218
68–69 219
70–71 215
72–73 183
74–75 169
76–77 132
78–79 137
80–81 120
82–83 112
84–85 86
86–87 101
88–89 83
90–91 77
92–93 70
94–95 78
96–97 58
98–99 53
100–101 57
102–103 48
104–105 53
106–107 46
108–109 24
110–111 35
112–113 27
114–115 32
116–117 31
118–119 22
120–121 16
122–123 24
124–125 18
126–127 11
128–129 19
130–131 10
132–133 16
134–135 10
136–137 12
138–139 8
140–141 5
142–143 12
144+ 98
Download as CSV

Research.com Recognitions

  • 1956 - APA Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions to Psychology, American Psychological Association
  • 1955 - Member of the National Academy of Sciences
  • 1940 - Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Overview

Kenneth W. Spence was affiliated with the University of Iowa in the United States. Their academic contributions were documented through publications and recognized by multiple awards during their career.

The scientist authored research published in "The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology." One of the recent papers was titled Barry John Kemp 1940-2024, published in 2024 in the same journal.

Throughout their career, Kenneth W. Spence collaborated independently, as no frequent co-authors have been documented.

  • The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology

Kenneth W. Spence was recognized with several honors, including:

  • Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), awarded in 1940
  • Member of the National Academy of Sciences, awarded in 1955
  • APA Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions to Psychology, American Psychological Association, awarded in 1956

The scientist's work primarily contributed to psychological sciences and archaeological scholarship, as indicated by publication venues and awards. Kenneth W. Spence is recorded as deceased, and their legacy includes both academic contributions and recognition by prominent scientific organizations.

Best Publications

  • Behavior Theory and Conditioning

    Kenneth Wartenbee Spence

  • The differential response in animals to stimuli varying within a single dimension.

    K. W. Spence

  • The nature of discrimination learning in animals.

    K. W. Spence

  • CHAPTER 12 – The Motivational Components of Manifest Anxiety: Drive and Drive Stimuli1

    Janet Taylor Spence;Kenneth W. Spence

  • A theory of emotionally based drive (D) and its relation to performance in simple learning situations.

    Kenneth W. Spence

  • Anxiety and strength of the UCS as determiners of the amount of eyelid conditioning.

    K. W. Spence;Janet Taylor

  • The relationship of anxiety level to performance in serial learning.

    Janet A. Taylor;Kenneth W. Spence

  • Experimental studies of learning and the higher mental processes in infra-human primates.

    Kenneth W. Spence

  • The role of secondary reinforcement in delayed reward learning.

    K. W. Spence

  • The relation of anxiety (drive) level to performance in competitional and non-competitional paired-associates learning.

    K. W. Spence;I. E. Farber;H. H. McFann

  • The nature of the response in discrimination learning.

    Kenneth W. Spence

  • COMPLEX LEARNING AND CONDITIONING AS A FUNCTION OF ANXIETY

    I. E. Farber;Kenneth W. Spence

  • Theoretical interpretations of learning.

    Kenneth W. Spence

  • Anxiety (drive) level and performance in eyelid conditioning.

    Kenneth W. Spence

  • Essays in neobehaviorism : a memorial volume to Kenneth W. Spence

    Kenneth Wartenbee Spence;Howard H. Kendler;Janet Taylor Spence

  • Conditioning and extinction as a function of anxiety.

    Kenneth W. Spence;I. E. Farber

  • Behavior Theory and Learning: Selected Papers.

    Kenneth Wartenbee Spence

  • Operationism and Theory in Psychology

    Gustav Bergmann;Kenneth W. Spence

  • The nature of theory construction in contemporary psychology.

    K. W. Spence

  • Continuous versus non-continuous interpretations of discrimination learning.

    K. W. Spence

Frequent Co-Authors

Janet T. Spence
Janet T. Spence The University of Texas at Austin

External Links

Wikipedia of Kenneth W. Spence

If you think any of the details on this page are incorrect, let us know.

Report an issue

We appreciate your kind effort to assist us to improve this page, it would be helpful providing us with as much detail as possible in the text box below:

Related Online Degrees & Career Pathways

Exploring psychology opens the door to a range of online degrees and career options in the USA. For students considering their financial future, cost is a top concern. Fortunately, numerous universities offer flexible and affordable online psychology programs, making it easier to advance your education without a heavy burden of debt.

If you’re searching for affordable pathways, consider looking into the cheapest psychology degrees in Kentucky. Kentucky offers several respected and budget-friendly programs that can help you begin your career in psychology.

For those living in larger cities, the affordable psychology programs in Los Angeles provide accessible education options while enjoying a vibrant urban environment.

Students seeking opportunities in Louisville can benefit from the cheapest psychology degrees in Louisville for practical, high-quality training. Alternatively, those in the Midwest may opt for the most affordable psychology degree programs in Minneapolis.

Choosing an affordable online degree in psychology can prepare you for careers in counseling, research, education, or social services—making your educational investment both attainable and valuable.

Best Scientists Citing Kenneth W. Spence

Thomas R. Zentall

Thomas R. Zentall

University of Kentucky

Publications: 36

Richard J. Servatius

Richard J. Servatius

SUNY Upstate Medical University

Publications: 26

John M. Pearce

John M. Pearce

Cardiff University

Publications: 25

Allan R. Wagner

Allan R. Wagner

Yale University

Publications: 25

Martin Giurfa

Martin Giurfa

Sorbonne University

Publications: 24

Robert A. Rescorla

Robert A. Rescorla

University of Pennsylvania

Publications: 23

Jerry W. Rudy

Jerry W. Rudy

University of Colorado Boulder

Publications: 18

Charles F. Flaherty

Charles F. Flaherty

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Publications: 17

Hans J. Eysenck

Hans J. Eysenck

King's College London

Publications: 15

N. J. Mackintosh

N. J. Mackintosh

University of Cambridge

Publications: 15

Norman E. Spear

Norman E. Spear

Binghamton University

Publications: 14

Mark E. Stanton

Mark E. Stanton

University of Delaware

Publications: 14

Herbert S. Terrace

Herbert S. Terrace

Columbia University

Publications: 13

Cecilia Heyes

Cecilia Heyes

University of Oxford

Publications: 13

M. E. Bitterman

M. E. Bitterman

University of Hawaii at Manoa

Publications: 13

Edward A. Wasserman

Edward A. Wasserman

University of Iowa

Publications: 12

Related Psychology Rankings & Guides

2027 How to Become a Licensed Counselor (LPC) in Utah

2027 How to Become a Licensed Counselor (LPC) in Utah
2027 Wyoming Psychology Licensure Requirements – How to Become a Psychologist in Wyoming

2027 Wyoming Psychology Licensure Requirements – How to Become a Psychologist in Wyoming
2027 Best Online Master’s in Marriage and Family Counseling

2027 Best Online Master’s in Marriage and Family Counseling
2027 How to Become a Licensed Counselor (LPC) in Rhode Island

2027 How to Become a Licensed Counselor (LPC) in Rhode Island
2027 Best Online Master’s Degree Programs in Psychology

2027 Best Online Master’s Degree Programs in Psychology
2027 How to Become a Licensed Counselor (LPC) in Wyoming

2027 How to Become a Licensed Counselor (LPC) in Wyoming
2027 Most Affordable Online Sociology Degree Programs

2027 Most Affordable Online Sociology Degree Programs
2027 Best Psychology Schools in New Jersey – Accredited Colleges & Programs

2027 Best Psychology Schools in New Jersey – Accredited Colleges & Programs
2027 What Can You Do with a Sports Psychology Degree: Costs & Job Opportunities

2027 What Can You Do with a Sports Psychology Degree: Costs & Job Opportunities
2027 Best Psychology Schools in Oklahoma – Accredited Colleges & Programs

2027 Best Psychology Schools in Oklahoma – Accredited Colleges & Programs
2027 Best Accelerated Psychology Degree Programs Online

2027 Best Accelerated Psychology Degree Programs Online
2027 What Can You Do With an Addiction Counselor Degree? Costs & Job Opportunities

2027 What Can You Do With an Addiction Counselor Degree? Costs & Job Opportunities
2027 Best Doctorate of Social Work (DSW) Degree Programs Online With No GRE Required

2027 Best Doctorate of Social Work (DSW) Degree Programs Online With No GRE Required
2027 Psychology Careers: Guide to Career Paths, Options & Salary

2027 Psychology Careers: Guide to Career Paths, Options & Salary
2027 How to Become a Licensed Counselor (LPC) in Vermont

2027 How to Become a Licensed Counselor (LPC) in Vermont
2027 Best Psychology Schools in Connecticut – Accredited Colleges & Programs

2027 Best Psychology Schools in Connecticut – Accredited Colleges & Programs
2027 Highest Paying Psychology Careers: Job Overview, Salary, and Outlook

2027 Highest Paying Psychology Careers: Job Overview, Salary, and Outlook
2027 Best Psychology Schools in New York – Accredited Colleges & Programs

2027 Best Psychology Schools in New York – Accredited Colleges & Programs
2027 Most Affordable Online Bachelor's Programs in Social Work

2027 Most Affordable Online Bachelor's Programs in Social Work
2027 Considering a Major in Social Work? What You Need to Know

2027 Considering a Major in Social Work? What You Need to Know
2027 How to Become a Social Work Case Manager

2027 How to Become a Social Work Case Manager

Recently Published Articles

2027 Online Music Education Degree Programs Costs: Tuition & Fees

2027 Online Music Education Degree Programs Costs: Tuition & Fees
2027 Biblical Counseling vs. Christian Counseling: Explaining the Difference

2027 Biblical Counseling vs. Christian Counseling: Explaining the Difference
2027 How to Become a Nurse Practitioner in Tennessee

2027 How to Become a Nurse Practitioner in Tennessee
2027 MSW vs. MPH: Explaining the Difference

2027 MSW vs. MPH: Explaining the Difference
2027 State Licensing Differences for Logistics Degree Graduates

2027 State Licensing Differences for Logistics Degree Graduates
2027 Is a Master’s in Healthcare Administration a Good Career?

2027 Is a Master’s in Healthcare Administration a Good Career?
2027 Shortest Online Engineering Technology Bachelor's Degree Programs That Pay Well: Cost, Time to Completion, and Salary Outlook

2027 Shortest Online Engineering Technology Bachelor's Degree Programs That Pay Well: Cost, Time to Completion, and Salary Outlook
2027 Best Online RN-to-BSN Programs

2027 Best Online RN-to-BSN Programs
2027 Online Game Art & Design Bachelor's Degree Programs With No Prerequisites

2027 Online Game Art & Design Bachelor's Degree Programs With No Prerequisites
2027 Best Online Christian Colleges in America

2027 Best Online Christian Colleges in America
2027 Online Early Childhood Education Bachelor's Degree Programs That Accept Transfer Credits

2027 Online Early Childhood Education Bachelor's Degree Programs That Accept Transfer Credits
2027 Easiest Online Business Administration Degree Programs That Pay Well: High-Salary Degrees with Simple Admissions

2027 Easiest Online Business Administration Degree Programs That Pay Well: High-Salary Degrees with Simple Admissions
2027 Best Online Master's in Nutrition for Public Health Nutrition Careers

2027 Best Online Master's in Nutrition for Public Health Nutrition Careers
2027 How to Become a Speech Language Pathologist in Indiana: Requirements & Certification

2027 How to Become a Speech Language Pathologist in Indiana: Requirements & Certification
2027 Best BSN to DNP Programs

2027 Best BSN to DNP Programs
2027 Best Online Nonprofit Management Degree Master's Programs for Working Professionals

2027 Best Online Nonprofit Management Degree Master's Programs for Working Professionals
2027 Best Online Curriculum & Instruction Doctorate Programs for Consulting Careers

2027 Best Online Curriculum & Instruction Doctorate Programs for Consulting Careers
2027 How to Become a Preschool Teacher in Texas: Requirements & Certification

2027 How to Become a Preschool Teacher in Texas: Requirements & Certification
2027 Easiest Healthcare Degree Programs

2027 Easiest Healthcare Degree Programs
2027 Best Online Master’s Degree Programs in Data Science

2027 Best Online Master’s Degree Programs in Data Science
2027 Respiratory Care Therapy Clinical Hours Requirements: What Counts and How to Complete Them

2027 Respiratory Care Therapy Clinical Hours Requirements: What Counts and How to Complete Them