World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Computer Science 64 2610 2530 1297 1248 274 15821

Ruby B. Lee publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Ruby B. Lee between 1976 and 2023, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Ruby B. Lee published across 48 years, from 1976 to 2023, averaging 6.1 papers a year. Output peaked at 14 publications in 2003. 2 of the 294 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1976 to 2023. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 14. Peak 14 publications in 2003. 1976: 1 publication 1977: 0 publications 1978: 0 publications 1979: 0 publications 1980: 1 publication 1981: 0 publications 1982: 0 publications 1983: 0 publications 1984: 0 publications 1985: 2 publications 1986: 9 publications 1987: 3 publications 1988: 1 publication 1989: 3 publications 1990: 0 publications 1991: 2 publications 1992: 3 publications 1993: 2 publications 1994: 12 publications 1995: 9 publications 1996: 8 publications 1997: 9 publications 1998: 3 publications 1999: 1 publication 2000: 8 publications 2001: 10 publications 2002: 5 publications 2003: 14 publications 2004: 14 publications 2005: 14 publications 2006: 6 publications 2007: 11 publications 2008: 14 publications 2009: 13 publications 2010: 11 publications 2011: 7 publications 2012: 10 publications 2013: 10 publications 2014: 11 publications 2015: 12 publications 2016: 12 publications 2017: 14 publications 2018: 11 publications 2019: 4 publications 2020: 6 publications 2021: 6 publications 2022: 0 publications 2023: 2 publications
1976 2023

294 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Ruby B. Lee: publications per year, 1976 to 2023
Year Publications
1976 1
1977 0
1978 0
1979 0
1980 1
1981 0
1982 0
1983 0
1984 0
1985 2
1986 9
1987 3
1988 1
1989 3
1990 0
1991 2
1992 3
1993 2
1994 12
1995 9
1996 8
1997 9
1998 3
1999 1
2000 8
2001 10
2002 5
2003 14
2004 14
2005 14
2006 6
2007 11
2008 14
2009 13
2010 11
2011 7
2012 10
2013 10
2014 11
2015 12
2016 12
2017 14
2018 11
2019 4
2020 6
2021 6
2022 0
2023 2
Total 294
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Ruby B. Lee publication distribution in Computer Science in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Computer Science in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Ruby B. Lee sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600
Bar chart with 97 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 32–41 to 991+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 609. Most scientists, 609, have 142–151 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 991 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 272–281 publications, is where this scientist sits. 32–41 publications: 7 scientists 42–51 publications: 22 scientists 52–61 publications: 82 scientists 62–71 publications: 134 scientists 72–81 publications: 249 scientists 82–91 publications: 324 scientists 92–101 publications: 421 scientists 102–111 publications: 420 scientists 112–121 publications: 497 scientists 122–131 publications: 544 scientists 132–141 publications: 555 scientists 142–151 publications: 609 scientists 152–161 publications: 559 scientists 162–171 publications: 534 scientists 172–181 publications: 556 scientists 182–191 publications: 583 scientists 192–201 publications: 519 scientists 202–211 publications: 508 scientists 212–221 publications: 490 scientists 222–231 publications: 437 scientists 232–241 publications: 423 scientists 242–251 publications: 408 scientists 252–261 publications: 377 scientists 262–271 publications: 301 scientists 272–281 publications: 335 scientists 282–291 publications: 320 scientists 292–301 publications: 293 scientists 302–311 publications: 250 scientists 312–321 publications: 238 scientists 322–331 publications: 206 scientists 332–341 publications: 209 scientists 342–351 publications: 208 scientists 352–361 publications: 162 scientists 362–371 publications: 176 scientists 372–381 publications: 127 scientists 382–391 publications: 158 scientists 392–401 publications: 128 scientists 402–411 publications: 104 scientists 412–421 publications: 94 scientists 422–431 publications: 99 scientists 432–441 publications: 83 scientists 442–451 publications: 108 scientists 452–461 publications: 73 scientists 462–471 publications: 77 scientists 472–481 publications: 69 scientists 482–491 publications: 84 scientists 492–501 publications: 62 scientists 502–511 publications: 54 scientists 512–521 publications: 57 scientists 522–531 publications: 51 scientists 532–541 publications: 51 scientists 542–551 publications: 32 scientists 552–561 publications: 38 scientists 562–571 publications: 28 scientists 572–581 publications: 43 scientists 582–591 publications: 33 scientists 592–601 publications: 41 scientists 602–611 publications: 32 scientists 612–621 publications: 28 scientists 622–631 publications: 25 scientists 632–641 publications: 27 scientists 642–651 publications: 17 scientists 652–661 publications: 20 scientists 662–671 publications: 17 scientists 672–681 publications: 15 scientists 682–691 publications: 14 scientists 692–701 publications: 21 scientists 702–711 publications: 13 scientists 712–721 publications: 12 scientists 722–731 publications: 19 scientists 732–741 publications: 14 scientists 742–751 publications: 12 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 10 scientists 772–781 publications: 11 scientists 782–791 publications: 10 scientists 792–801 publications: 11 scientists 802–811 publications: 8 scientists 812–821 publications: 8 scientists 822–831 publications: 7 scientists 832–841 publications: 11 scientists 842–851 publications: 10 scientists 852–861 publications: 5 scientists 862–871 publications: 9 scientists 872–881 publications: 4 scientists 882–891 publications: 6 scientists 892–901 publications: 3 scientists 902–911 publications: 6 scientists 912–921 publications: 3 scientists 922–931 publications: 2 scientists 932–941 publications: 2 scientists 942–951 publications: 2 scientists 952–961 publications: 3 scientists 962–971 publications: 3 scientists 972–981 publications: 3 scientists 982–990 publications: 5 scientists 991+ publications: 100 scientists
32–41 publications 991+

This scientist: 274 publications — 68th percentile

68% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 991 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Computer Science scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 14,188 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
32–41 7
42–51 22
52–61 82
62–71 134
72–81 249
82–91 324
92–101 421
102–111 420
112–121 497
122–131 544
132–141 555
142–151 609
152–161 559
162–171 534
172–181 556
182–191 583
192–201 519
202–211 508
212–221 490
222–231 437
232–241 423
242–251 408
252–261 377
262–271 301
272–281 335 274
282–291 320
292–301 293
302–311 250
312–321 238
322–331 206
332–341 209
342–351 208
352–361 162
362–371 176
372–381 127
382–391 158
392–401 128
402–411 104
412–421 94
422–431 99
432–441 83
442–451 108
452–461 73
462–471 77
472–481 69
482–491 84
492–501 62
502–511 54
512–521 57
522–531 51
532–541 51
542–551 32
552–561 38
562–571 28
572–581 43
582–591 33
592–601 41
602–611 32
612–621 28
622–631 25
632–641 27
642–651 17
652–661 20
662–671 17
672–681 15
682–691 14
692–701 21
702–711 13
712–721 12
722–731 19
732–741 14
742–751 12
752–761 10
762–771 10
772–781 11
782–791 10
792–801 11
802–811 8
812–821 8
822–831 7
832–841 11
842–851 10
852–861 5
862–871 9
872–881 4
882–891 6
892–901 3
902–911 6
912–921 3
922–931 2
932–941 2
942–951 2
952–961 3
962–971 3
972–981 3
982–990 5
991+ 100
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Ruby B. Lee D-index placement in Computer Science in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Computer Science scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Ruby B. Lee sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600 800
Bar chart with 52 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 30–31 to 131+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 990. Most scientists, 990, have 36–37 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 131 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 64–65 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 30–31 D-Index: 879 scientists 32–33 D-Index: 983 scientists 34–35 D-Index: 918 scientists 36–37 D-Index: 990 scientists 38–39 D-Index: 968 scientists 40–41 D-Index: 907 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 821 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 763 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 689 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 543 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 543 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 518 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 500 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 458 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 400 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 337 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 308 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 292 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 249 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 213 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 192 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 189 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 165 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 139 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 119 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 113 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 88 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 87 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 75 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 69 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 57 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 46 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 38 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 34 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 36 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 27 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 37 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 18 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 31 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 19 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 16 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 12 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 20 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 15 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 5 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 8 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 5 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 7 scientists 130 D-Index: 3 scientists 131+ D-Index: 98 scientists
30–31 D-Index 131+

This scientist: 64 D-Index — 82nd percentile

82% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 131 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Computer Science scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 14,188 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
30–31 879
32–33 983
34–35 918
36–37 990
38–39 968
40–41 907
42–43 821
44–45 763
46–47 689
48–49 543
50–51 543
52–53 518
54–55 500
56–57 458
58–59 400
60–61 337
62–63 308
64–65 292 64
66–67 249
68–69 213
70–71 192
72–73 189
74–75 165
76–77 139
78–79 119
80–81 121
82–83 113
84–85 88
86–87 87
88–89 75
90–91 69
92–93 57
94–95 46
96–97 38
98–99 34
100–101 36
102–103 27
104–105 37
106–107 18
108–109 31
110–111 19
112–113 16
114–115 12
116–117 20
118–119 15
120–121 5
122–123 20
124–125 8
126–127 5
128–129 7
130 3
131+ 98
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Research.com Recognitions

  • 2020 - Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
  • 2003 - IEEE Fellow For contributions to general-purpose processor architectures.
  • 2001 - ACM Fellow For pioneering multimedia instructions in general-purpose processor architecture and innovations in the design and implementation of the instruction set architecture of RISC processors.

Overview

Ruby B. Lee is affiliated with Princeton University in the United States. Their research spans multiple fields, primarily within computer science and psychology. The main areas of study include artificial intelligence, applied psychology, electrical and electronic engineering, information systems, and sociology and political science.

Their research topics cover a range of specialized domains, including:

  • Security and Verification in Computing
  • Digital Mental Health Interventions
  • Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
  • Cryptography and Data Security
  • Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
  • Advanced Malware Detection Techniques
  • Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security

They have published work in various venues, with frequent publications appearing in:

  • arXiv (Cornell University)
  • IEEE Internet of Things Journal
  • Hardware and Architectural Support for Security and Privacy

Some of their recent papers include:

  • "Attacking and Protecting Data Privacy in Edge-Cloud Collaborative Inference Systems," 2020, IEEE Internet of Things Journal
  • "Smartphone Impostor Detection with Built-in Sensors and Deep Learning," 2020, arXiv (Cornell University)
  • "Smartphone Impostor Detection with Behavioral Data Privacy and Minimalist Hardware Support," 2021, arXiv (Cornell University)
  • "Protecting Cache States Against Both Speculative Execution Attacks and Side-channel Attacks," 2023, arXiv (Cornell University)
  • "Position Paper: Consider Hardware-enhanced Defenses for Rootkit Attacks," 2020, Hardware and Architectural Support for Security and Privacy

Collaborations feature several frequent coauthors, including Zecheng He, Guangyuan Hu, and Tianwei Zhang.

Ruby B. Lee has been recognized with several honors, including fellowships from prominent organizations. These awards include:

  • American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellow, 2020
  • IEEE Fellow, 2003, for contributions to general-purpose processor architectures
  • ACM Fellow, 2001, for pioneering multimedia instructions in general-purpose processor architecture and innovations in RISC processor instruction set architecture design and implementation

Best Publications

  • Last-Level Cache Side-Channel Attacks are Practical

    Fangfei Liu;Yuval Yarom;Qian Ge;Gernot Heiser

  • New cache designs for thwarting software cache-based side channel attacks

    Zhenghong Wang;Ruby B. Lee

  • Security as a new dimension in embedded system design

    Paul Kocher;Ruby Lee;Gary McGraw;Anand Raghunathan

  • Subword parallelism with MAX-2

    R.B. Lee

  • Taxonomies of Distributed Denial of Service Networks, Attacks, Tools, and Countermeasures

    Stephen Specht;Ruby Lee

  • CATalyst: Defeating last-level cache side channel attacks in cloud computing

    Fangfei Liu;Qian Ge;Yuval Yarom;Frank Mckeen

  • Accelerating multimedia with enhanced microprocessors

    R.B. Lee

  • Eliminating the hypervisor attack surface for a more secure cloud

    Jakub Szefer;Eric Keller;Ruby B. Lee;Jennifer Rexford

  • Distributed Denial of Service: Taxonomies of Attacks, Tools and Countermeasures

    Stephen M. Specht;Ruby B. Lee

  • Covert and Side Channels Due to Processor Architecture

    Zhenghong Wang;Ruby Lee

  • NoHype: virtualized cloud infrastructure without the virtualization

    Eric Keller;Jakub Szefer;Jennifer Rexford;Ruby B. Lee

  • A novel cache architecture with enhanced performance and security

    Zhenghong Wang;Ruby B. Lee

  • Architecture for Protecting Critical Secrets in Microprocessors

    Ruby B. Lee;Peter C. S. Kwan;John P. McGregor;Jeffrey Dwoskin

  • Random Fill Cache Architecture

    Fangfei Liu;Ruby B. Lee

  • Model inversion attacks against collaborative inference

    Zecheng He;Tianwei Zhang;Ruby B. Lee

  • Characterizing hypervisor vulnerabilities in cloud computing servers

    Diego Perez-Botero;Jakub Szefer;Ruby B. Lee

  • CloudRadar: A Real-Time Side-Channel Attack Detection System in Clouds

    Tianwei Zhang;Yinqian Zhang;Ruby Bei-Loh Lee

  • System and Method for Processor-Based Security

    Ruby B. Lee;David Champagne

  • Scalable architectural support for trusted software

    David Champagne;Ruby B. Lee

  • Precision architecture

    R.B. Lee

Frequent Co-Authors

Mung Chiang
Mung Chiang Purdue University West Lafayette
Shouling Ji
Shouling Ji Zhejiang University
Michael J. Flynn
Michael J. Flynn Stanford University
Weidong Shi
Weidong Shi Jiangsu University
Yuval Yarom
Yuval Yarom Ruhr University Bochum
Tian Lan
Tian Lan George Washington University
Prateek Mittal
Prateek Mittal Princeton University
Anand Raghunathan
Anand Raghunathan Purdue University West Lafayette
Niraj K. Jha
Niraj K. Jha Princeton University
Gernot Heiser
Gernot Heiser University of New South Wales

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