World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Immunology

D-Index
74
Citations
18528
World Ranking
2060
National Ranking
180

Ray Borrow publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Ray Borrow sits on this spectrum.

62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 68 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientists 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62 publications 807+

This scientist: 324 publications — 69th percentile

69% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

Ray Borrow D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Ray Borrow sits on this spectrum.

40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 162 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 74 D-Index — 59th percentile

59% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

Overview

Ray Borrow is affiliated with Manchester Royal Infirmary in the United Kingdom. Their research primarily focuses on Medicine and Immunology and Microbiology, with a substantial number of publications in these fields.

The scientist's work covers several subfields, including:

  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Health

Major topics covered in their research include:

  • Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
  • Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
  • SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
  • Virology and Viral Diseases
  • Respiratory viral infections research

Ray Borrow has frequently published in several venues, with notable numbers in these journals and platforms:

  • Journal of Infection
  • Vaccine
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
  • Expert Review of Vaccines

Frequent co-authors collaborating with Ray Borrow include:

  • Shamez Ladhani
  • Mary Ramsay
  • Ezra Linley
  • Jay Lucidarme
  • Gayatri Amirthalingam

Some recent papers authored by Ray Borrow and colleagues are:

  • Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data, 2021, The Lancet Digital Health
  • Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection, 2021, Nature Immunology
  • Vaccines and routine immunization strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
  • The everchanging epidemiology of meningococcal disease worldwide and the potential for prevention through vaccination, 2020, Journal of Infection
  • Children develop robust and sustained cross-reactive spike-specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2021, Nature Immunology

Best Publications

  • Rapid increase in non-vaccine serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales, 2000–17: a prospective national observational cohort study

    Shamez N Ladhani;Shamez N Ladhani;Sarah Collins;Abdelmajid Djennad;Carmen L Sheppard

  • Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data.

    Angela B. Brueggemann;Melissa J. Jansen van Rensburg;David Shaw;Noel D. McCarthy

  • Meningococcal surrogates of protection--serum bactericidal antibody activity.

    Raymond Borrow;Paul Balmer;Elizbeth Miller

  • Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection.

    Jianmin Zuo;Alexander C Dowell;Hayden Pearce;Kriti Verma

  • Multicenter, open-label, randomized phase II controlled trial of an investigational recombinant Meningococcal serogroup B vaccine with and without outer membrane vesicles, administered in infancy.

    Jamie Findlow;Ray Borrow;Matthew D. Snape;Tom Dawson

  • Predicted strain coverage of a meningococcal multicomponent vaccine (4CMenB) in Europe: a qualitative and quantitative assessment

    Ulrich Vogel;Muhamed-Kheir Taha;Julio A Vazquez;Jamie Findlow

  • Effectiveness and impact of a reduced infant schedule of 4CMenB vaccine against group B meningococcal disease in England: a national observational cohort study

    Sydel R Parikh;Nick J Andrews;Kazim Beebeejaun;Helen Campbell

  • Effect of a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY glycoconjugate or a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine on meningococcal carriage: an observer-blind, phase 3 randomised clinical trial

    Robert C Read;David Baxter;David R Chadwick;Saul N Faust;Saul N Faust

  • Updated Postlicensure Surveillance of the Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine in England and Wales: Effectiveness, Validation of Serological Correlates of Protection, and Modeling Predictions of the Duration of Herd Immunity

    Helen Campbell;Nick Andrews;Ray Borrow;Caroline Trotter

  • Advances in the development of vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis.

    Lionel K K Tan;George M Carlone;Ray Borrow

  • Vaccines and routine immunization strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Ener Cagri Dinleyici;Ray Borrow;Marco Aurélio Palazzi Safadi;Pierre van Damme

  • The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

    Ray Borrow;Pedro Alarcón;Josefina Carlos;Dominique A. Caugant

  • Bactericidal antibody is the immunologic surrogate of protection against meningococcal disease.

    Carl E. Frasch;Ray Borrow;John Donnelly

  • Neisseria meningitidis group B correlates of protection and assay standardization--international meeting report Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 16-17 March 2005.

    R. Borrow;G.M. Carlone;N. Rosenstein;M. Blake

  • Genomic resolution of an aggressive, widespread, diverse and expanding meningococcal serogroup B, C and W lineage

    Jay Lucidarme;Dorothea M.C. Hill;Holly B. Bratcher;Steve J. Gray

  • The UK joint specialist societies guideline on the diagnosis and management of acute meningitis and meningococcal sepsis in immunocompetent adults

    F McGill;R S Heyderman;B D Michael;B D Michael;S Defres;S Defres;S Defres

  • Sequence Diversity of the Factor H Binding Protein Vaccine Candidate in Epidemiologically Relevant Strains of Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis

    Ellen Murphy;Lubomira Andrew;Kwok Leung Lee;Deborah A. Dilts

  • Increase in Endemic Neisseria meningitidis Capsular Group W Sequence Type 11 Complex Associated With Severe Invasive Disease in England and Wales

    Shamez Ladhani;Kazim Beebeejaun;Jay Lucidarme;Helen Campbell

  • Epidemiology of meningococcal disease in England and Wales 1993/94 to 2003/04: contribution and experiences of the Meningococcal Reference Unit.

    Stephen J. Gray;Caroline L. Trotter;Mary E. Ramsay;Malcolm Guiver

  • Immunogenicity and reactogenicity in UK infants of a novel meningococcal vesicle vaccine containing multiple class 1 (PorA) outer membrane proteins.

    Keith Cartwright;Rhonwen Morris;Hans Rümke;Andrew Fox

  • The everchanging epidemiology of meningococcal disease worldwide and the potential for prevention through vaccination.

    Sydel R. Parikh;Helen Campbell;Julie A. Bettinger;Lee H. Harrison

  • Meningococcal C conjugate vaccine: the experience in England and Wales.

    Helen Campbell;Ray Borrow;David Salisbury;Elizabeth Miller

Frequent Co-Authors

Shamez N. Ladhani
Shamez N. Ladhani UK Health Security Agency
Mary Ramsay
Mary Ramsay UK Health Security Agency
Elizabeth Miller
Elizabeth Miller London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Nick Andrews
Nick Andrews Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Andrew J. Fox
Andrew J. Fox Manchester Royal Infirmary
Elizabeth Miller
Elizabeth Miller Stanford University
David Goldblatt
David Goldblatt University College London
Robert C. Read
Robert C. Read University of Southampton
Paul T. Heath
Paul T. Heath St George's, University of London
Muhamed-Kheir Taha
Muhamed-Kheir Taha Université Paris Cité

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