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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Environmental Sciences 71 1537 1460 649 596 257 41981

Ralph F. Keeling publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Ralph F. Keeling between 1988 and 2026, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Ralph F. Keeling published across 39 years, from 1988 to 2026, averaging 7.6 papers a year. Output peaked at 23 publications in 2021. 11 of the 296 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10 15 20
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1988 to 2026. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 23. Peak 23 publications in 2021. 1988: 1 publication 1989: 0 publications 1990: 0 publications 1991: 0 publications 1992: 1 publication 1993: 5 publications 1994: 1 publication 1995: 4 publications 1996: 2 publications 1997: 2 publications 1998: 6 publications 1999: 2 publications 2000: 3 publications 2001: 8 publications 2002: 6 publications 2003: 6 publications 2004: 2 publications 2005: 6 publications 2006: 5 publications 2007: 7 publications 2008: 6 publications 2009: 10 publications 2010: 3 publications 2011: 6 publications 2012: 10 publications 2013: 11 publications 2014: 10 publications 2015: 12 publications 2016: 22 publications 2017: 16 publications 2018: 15 publications 2019: 14 publications 2020: 19 publications 2021: 23 publications 2022: 11 publications 2023: 23 publications 2024: 7 publications 2025: 5 publications 2026: 6 publications
1988 2026

296 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Ralph F. Keeling: publications per year, 1988 to 2026
Year Publications
1988 1
1989 0
1990 0
1991 0
1992 1
1993 5
1994 1
1995 4
1996 2
1997 2
1998 6
1999 2
2000 3
2001 8
2002 6
2003 6
2004 2
2005 6
2006 5
2007 7
2008 6
2009 10
2010 3
2011 6
2012 10
2013 11
2014 10
2015 12
2016 22
2017 16
2018 15
2019 14
2020 19
2021 23
2022 11
2023 23
2024 7
2025 5
2026 6
Total 296
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Ralph F. Keeling publication distribution in Environmental Sciences in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Environmental Sciences in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Ralph F. Keeling sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600
Bar chart with 66 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 41–50 to 690+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 617. Most scientists, 617, have 121–130 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 690 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 251–260 publications, is where this scientist sits. 41–50 publications: 21 scientists 51–60 publications: 62 scientists 61–70 publications: 133 scientists 71–80 publications: 257 scientists 81–90 publications: 361 scientists 91–100 publications: 440 scientists 101–110 publications: 492 scientists 111–120 publications: 541 scientists 121–130 publications: 617 scientists 131–140 publications: 544 scientists 141–150 publications: 541 scientists 151–160 publications: 539 scientists 161–170 publications: 444 scientists 171–180 publications: 444 scientists 181–190 publications: 400 scientists 191–200 publications: 377 scientists 201–210 publications: 318 scientists 211–220 publications: 282 scientists 221–230 publications: 263 scientists 231–240 publications: 220 scientists 241–250 publications: 217 scientists 251–260 publications: 180 scientists 261–270 publications: 181 scientists 271–280 publications: 155 scientists 281–290 publications: 130 scientists 291–300 publications: 127 scientists 301–310 publications: 130 scientists 311–320 publications: 85 scientists 321–330 publications: 106 scientists 331–340 publications: 80 scientists 341–350 publications: 83 scientists 351–360 publications: 75 scientists 361–370 publications: 69 scientists 371–380 publications: 52 scientists 381–390 publications: 54 scientists 391–400 publications: 56 scientists 401–410 publications: 44 scientists 411–420 publications: 40 scientists 421–430 publications: 36 scientists 431–440 publications: 25 scientists 441–450 publications: 25 scientists 451–460 publications: 32 scientists 461–470 publications: 29 scientists 471–480 publications: 21 scientists 481–490 publications: 26 scientists 491–500 publications: 26 scientists 501–510 publications: 17 scientists 511–520 publications: 19 scientists 521–530 publications: 15 scientists 531–540 publications: 22 scientists 541–550 publications: 12 scientists 551–560 publications: 15 scientists 561–570 publications: 11 scientists 571–580 publications: 19 scientists 581–590 publications: 9 scientists 591–600 publications: 9 scientists 601–610 publications: 7 scientists 611–620 publications: 11 scientists 621–630 publications: 5 scientists 631–640 publications: 5 scientists 641–650 publications: 6 scientists 651–660 publications: 3 scientists 661–670 publications: 3 scientists 671–680 publications: 4 scientists 681–689 publications: 4 scientists 690+ publications: 100 scientists
41–50 publications 690+

This scientist: 257 publications — 79th percentile

79% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 690 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Environmental Sciences scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 9,676 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
41–50 21
51–60 62
61–70 133
71–80 257
81–90 361
91–100 440
101–110 492
111–120 541
121–130 617
131–140 544
141–150 541
151–160 539
161–170 444
171–180 444
181–190 400
191–200 377
201–210 318
211–220 282
221–230 263
231–240 220
241–250 217
251–260 180 257
261–270 181
271–280 155
281–290 130
291–300 127
301–310 130
311–320 85
321–330 106
331–340 80
341–350 83
351–360 75
361–370 69
371–380 52
381–390 54
391–400 56
401–410 44
411–420 40
421–430 36
431–440 25
441–450 25
451–460 32
461–470 29
471–480 21
481–490 26
491–500 26
501–510 17
511–520 19
521–530 15
531–540 22
541–550 12
551–560 15
561–570 11
571–580 19
581–590 9
591–600 9
601–610 7
611–620 11
621–630 5
631–640 5
641–650 6
651–660 3
661–670 3
671–680 4
681–689 4
690+ 100
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Ralph F. Keeling D-index placement in Environmental Sciences in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Environmental Sciences scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Ralph F. Keeling sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
100 200 300
Bar chart with 97 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 30 to 126+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 348. Most scientists, 348, have 45 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 126 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 71 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 30 D-Index: 12 scientists 31 D-Index: 26 scientists 32 D-Index: 51 scientists 33 D-Index: 88 scientists 34 D-Index: 123 scientists 35 D-Index: 163 scientists 36 D-Index: 206 scientists 37 D-Index: 267 scientists 38 D-Index: 265 scientists 39 D-Index: 275 scientists 40 D-Index: 321 scientists 41 D-Index: 343 scientists 42 D-Index: 305 scientists 43 D-Index: 336 scientists 44 D-Index: 330 scientists 45 D-Index: 348 scientists 46 D-Index: 291 scientists 47 D-Index: 275 scientists 48 D-Index: 272 scientists 49 D-Index: 273 scientists 50 D-Index: 263 scientists 51 D-Index: 232 scientists 52 D-Index: 266 scientists 53 D-Index: 217 scientists 54 D-Index: 198 scientists 55 D-Index: 177 scientists 56 D-Index: 202 scientists 57 D-Index: 204 scientists 58 D-Index: 166 scientists 59 D-Index: 177 scientists 60 D-Index: 166 scientists 61 D-Index: 152 scientists 62 D-Index: 143 scientists 63 D-Index: 150 scientists 64 D-Index: 124 scientists 65 D-Index: 119 scientists 66 D-Index: 120 scientists 67 D-Index: 118 scientists 68 D-Index: 82 scientists 69 D-Index: 98 scientists 70 D-Index: 94 scientists 71 D-Index: 105 scientists 72 D-Index: 74 scientists 73 D-Index: 84 scientists 74 D-Index: 70 scientists 75 D-Index: 67 scientists 76 D-Index: 78 scientists 77 D-Index: 60 scientists 78 D-Index: 59 scientists 79 D-Index: 52 scientists 80 D-Index: 47 scientists 81 D-Index: 38 scientists 82 D-Index: 48 scientists 83 D-Index: 42 scientists 84 D-Index: 42 scientists 85 D-Index: 43 scientists 86 D-Index: 29 scientists 87 D-Index: 37 scientists 88 D-Index: 29 scientists 89 D-Index: 30 scientists 90 D-Index: 34 scientists 91 D-Index: 20 scientists 92 D-Index: 22 scientists 93 D-Index: 17 scientists 94 D-Index: 19 scientists 95 D-Index: 24 scientists 96 D-Index: 21 scientists 97 D-Index: 20 scientists 98 D-Index: 24 scientists 99 D-Index: 17 scientists 100 D-Index: 17 scientists 101 D-Index: 21 scientists 102 D-Index: 25 scientists 103 D-Index: 18 scientists 104 D-Index: 26 scientists 105 D-Index: 20 scientists 106 D-Index: 15 scientists 107 D-Index: 10 scientists 108 D-Index: 13 scientists 109 D-Index: 15 scientists 110 D-Index: 12 scientists 111 D-Index: 8 scientists 112 D-Index: 7 scientists 113 D-Index: 9 scientists 114 D-Index: 6 scientists 115 D-Index: 12 scientists 116 D-Index: 7 scientists 117 D-Index: 8 scientists 118 D-Index: 3 scientists 119 D-Index: 5 scientists 120 D-Index: 7 scientists 121 D-Index: 2 scientists 122 D-Index: 4 scientists 123 D-Index: 8 scientists 124 D-Index: 7 scientists 125 D-Index: 9 scientists 126+ D-Index: 92 scientists
30 D-Index 126+

This scientist: 71 D-Index — 84th percentile

84% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 126 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Environmental Sciences scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 9,676 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
30 12
31 26
32 51
33 88
34 123
35 163
36 206
37 267
38 265
39 275
40 321
41 343
42 305
43 336
44 330
45 348
46 291
47 275
48 272
49 273
50 263
51 232
52 266
53 217
54 198
55 177
56 202
57 204
58 166
59 177
60 166
61 152
62 143
63 150
64 124
65 119
66 120
67 118
68 82
69 98
70 94
71 105 71
72 74
73 84
74 70
75 67
76 78
77 60
78 59
79 52
80 47
81 38
82 48
83 42
84 42
85 43
86 29
87 37
88 29
89 30
90 34
91 20
92 22
93 17
94 19
95 24
96 21
97 20
98 24
99 17
100 17
101 21
102 25
103 18
104 26
105 20
106 15
107 10
108 13
109 15
110 12
111 8
112 7
113 9
114 6
115 12
116 7
117 8
118 3
119 5
120 7
121 2
122 4
123 8
124 7
125 9
126+ 92
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Research.com Recognitions

  • 2014 - Fellow of American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Overview

Ralph F. Keeling is affiliated with the University of California, San Diego in the United States. Their research focuses predominantly on environmental science and earth and planetary sciences, with significant contributions in the study of atmospheric and environmental gas dynamics, atmospheric chemistry and aerosols, and climate variability and models.

The main fields of study for Keeling include:

  • Environmental Science
  • Earth and Planetary Sciences

Within these broad fields, the subfields of study encompass:

  • Global and Planetary Change
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Oceanography
  • Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
  • Environmental Chemistry

Keeling's work covers major topics such as:

  • Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
  • Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
  • Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
  • Climate variability and models
  • Marine and coastal ecosystems
  • Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
  • Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes

Frequent publication venues for Keeling's research include:

  • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
  • Earth System Science Data
  • Global Biogeochemical Cycles
  • Global Change Biology
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Recent papers illustrate the breadth and focus of Keeling's scientific contributions:

  • Global Carbon Budget 2023, Earth System Science Data, 2023
  • Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO 2, New Phytologist, 2020
  • Global Carbon Budget 2024, Earth System Science Data, 2025
  • Changes to Carbon Isotopes in Atmospheric CO2 Over the Industrial Era and Into the Future, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2020
  • The NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) Mission: Imaging the Chemistry of the Global Atmosphere, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2021

Keeling has collaborated extensively with several frequent co-authors, including:

  • Eric J. Morgan
  • Britton B. Stephens
  • Christian Rödenbeck
  • Benjamin Birner
  • Frédéric Chevallier

In 2014, Keeling was recognized as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union (AGU), marking acknowledgment within the scientific community related to their research contributions.

Best Publications

  • Global Carbon Budget 2016

    Corinne Le Quere;Robbie M. Andrew;Josep G. Canadell;Stephen Sitch

  • Global Carbon Budget 2015

    C. Le Quéré;R. Moriarty;R. M. Andrew;J. G. Canadell

  • Global carbon budget 2014

    C. Le Quéré;R. Moriarty;R. M. Andrew;G. P. Peters

  • Global carbon budget 2013

    C. Le Quere;G.P. Peters;R.J. Andres;Robbie M Andrew

  • Global Carbon Budget 2018

    Corinne Le Quéré;Robbie M. Andrew;Pierre Friedlingstein;Stephen Sitch

  • The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2

    IC Prentice;GD Farquhar;Mjr Fasham;ML Goulden

  • Ocean Deoxygenation in a Warming World

    Ralph F. Keeling;Arne Körtzinger;Nicolas Gruber

  • Global Carbon Budget 2019

    Pierre Friedlingstein;Pierre Friedlingstein;Matthew W. Jones;Michael O'Sullivan;Robbie Andrew

  • Global Carbon Budget 2017

    Corinne Le Quere;Robbie M. Andrew;Pierre Friedlingstein;Stephen Sitch

  • Global Carbon Budget 2023

    Unknown

  • Recent Climate Observations Compared to Projections

    Stefan Rahmstorf;Anny Cazenave;John A. Church;James E. Hansen

  • Global and hemispheric CO2 sinks deduced from changes in atmospheric O2 concentration

    Ralph F. Keeling;Stephen C. Piper;Martin Heimann

  • Atmospheric CO 2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling network

    Unknown

  • The global carbon budget 1959-2011

    C. Le Quere;R.J. Andres;T.A. Boden;T. Conway

  • A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

    Dorothee C. E. Bakker;Benjamin Pfeil;Benjamin Pfeil;Camilla S. Landa;Camilla S. Landa;Nicolas Metzl

  • Seasonal and interannual variations in atmospheric oxygen and implications for the global carbon cycle

    Ralph F. Keeling;Stephen R. Shertz

  • The influence of Antarctic sea ice on glacial-interglacial CO2 variations

    Britton B. Stephens;Ralph F. Keeling

  • Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2

    Anthony P. Walker;Martin G. De Kauwe;Ana Bastos;Soumaya Belmecheri

  • Enhanced seasonal CO2 exchange caused by amplified plant productivity in northern ecosystems

    Matthias Forkel;Nuno Carvalhais;Christian Rödenbeck;Ralph Keeling

  • Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO2 by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960

    H. D. Graven;R. F. Keeling;S. C. Piper;P. K. Patra

  • The change in oceanic O2 inventory associated with recent global warming

    Ralph F. Keeling;Hernan E. Garcia

  • Global oceanic and land biotic carbon sinks from the Scripps atmospheric oxygen flask sampling network

    Andrew C. Manning;Ralph F. Keeling

Frequent Co-Authors

Britton B. Stephens
Britton B. Stephens National Center for Atmospheric Research
Christian Rödenbeck
Christian Rödenbeck Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
Martin Heimann
Martin Heimann Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
Laurent Bopp
Laurent Bopp École Normale Supérieure
Ray F. Weiss
Ray F. Weiss University of California, San Diego
Sönke Zaehle
Sönke Zaehle Max Planck Society
Matthew C. Long
Matthew C. Long National Center for Atmospheric Research
Are Olsen
Are Olsen University of Bergen
Bronte Tilbrook
Bronte Tilbrook CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
Laure Resplandy
Laure Resplandy Princeton University

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