World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Immunology

D-Index
71
Citations
17700
World Ranking
2323
National Ranking
1122

Patricia L. Earl publication distribution in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Immunology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Patricia L. Earl sits on this spectrum.

62–71 publications: 9 scientists 72–81 publications: 23 scientists 82–91 publications: 40 scientists 92–101 publications: 72 scientists 102–111 publications: 86 scientists 112–121 publications: 108 scientists 122–131 publications: 150 scientists 132–141 publications: 160 scientists 142–151 publications: 159 scientists 152–161 publications: 189 scientists 162–171 publications: 166 scientists 172–181 publications: 181 scientists 182–191 publications: 188 scientists 192–201 publications: 187 scientists 202–211 publications: 178 scientists 212–221 publications: 158 scientists 222–231 publications: 168 scientists 232–241 publications: 159 scientists 242–251 publications: 160 scientists 252–261 publications: 148 scientists 262–271 publications: 116 scientists 272–281 publications: 125 scientists 282–291 publications: 115 scientists 292–301 publications: 111 scientists 302–311 publications: 95 scientists 312–321 publications: 97 scientists 322–331 publications: 97 scientists 332–341 publications: 99 scientists 342–351 publications: 96 scientists 352–361 publications: 69 scientists 362–371 publications: 76 scientists 372–381 publications: 71 scientists 382–391 publications: 71 scientists 392–401 publications: 62 scientists 402–411 publications: 54 scientists 412–421 publications: 41 scientists 422–431 publications: 63 scientists 432–441 publications: 53 scientists 442–451 publications: 31 scientists 452–461 publications: 42 scientists 462–471 publications: 40 scientists 472–481 publications: 29 scientists 482–491 publications: 34 scientists 492–501 publications: 30 scientists 502–511 publications: 23 scientists 512–521 publications: 41 scientists 522–531 publications: 29 scientists 532–541 publications: 28 scientists 542–551 publications: 16 scientists 552–561 publications: 18 scientists 562–571 publications: 18 scientists 572–581 publications: 17 scientists 582–591 publications: 17 scientists 592–601 publications: 17 scientists 602–611 publications: 19 scientists 612–621 publications: 13 scientists 622–631 publications: 12 scientists 632–641 publications: 11 scientists 642–651 publications: 16 scientists 652–661 publications: 9 scientists 662–671 publications: 5 scientists 672–681 publications: 13 scientists 682–691 publications: 12 scientists 692–701 publications: 6 scientists 702–711 publications: 6 scientists 712–721 publications: 9 scientists 722–731 publications: 9 scientists 732–741 publications: 6 scientists 742–751 publications: 11 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 7 scientists 772–781 publications: 12 scientists 782–791 publications: 7 scientists 792–801 publications: 5 scientists 802–806 publications: 1 scientists 807+ publications: 100 scientists
62 publications 807+

This scientist: 150 publications — 16th percentile

16% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 807 publications or more.

Patricia L. Earl D-index placement in Immunology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Immunology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Patricia L. Earl sits on this spectrum.

40–41 D-Index: 28 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 91 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 157 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 192 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 175 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 188 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 177 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 155 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 194 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 201 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 197 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 201 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 173 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 167 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 172 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 199 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 184 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 133 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 163 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 127 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 125 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 121 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 102 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 96 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 75 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 72 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 74 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 66 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 68 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 49 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 60 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 54 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 36 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 23 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 52 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 41 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 34 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 25 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 28 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 11 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 27 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 19 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 20 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 16 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 17 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 14 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 15 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 9 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 11 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 9 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 9 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 7 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 7 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 7 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 5 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 8 scientists 156 D-Index: 6 scientists 157+ D-Index: 96 scientists
40 D-Index 157+

This scientist: 71 D-Index — 54th percentile

54% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 157 D-Index or more.

Overview

Patricia L. Earl is affiliated with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the United States. Their research spans multiple areas within medicine, focusing notably on infectious diseases and immunology. Their work includes significant contributions to the study of poxviruses, herpesviruses, bacterial pathogens, and viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2.

The main fields of study for Patricia L. Earl include Medicine, Immunology and Microbiology, and Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology. Within these broader fields, their research subfields cover Epidemiology, Virology, Molecular Biology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology.

The research topics that have been central to their work are:

  • Poxvirus research and outbreaks
  • Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
  • Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
  • SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions
  • Virus-based gene therapy research

Patricia L. Earl has published extensively in well-regarded scientific journals. Frequent publication venues include:

  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
  • Cell
  • npj Vaccines

Frequent collaborators in their research include Bernard Moss, Jeffrey L. Americo, Catherine A. Cotter, Alec W. Freyn, and Tiffany R. Frey. These coauthors have worked with Earl on various aspects of infectious disease research and immunology.

Some recent papers authored by Patricia L. Earl are:

  • Virulence differences of mpox (monkeypox) virus clades I, IIa, and IIb.1 in a small animal model, 2023, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • An mpox virus mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine confers protection against lethal orthopoxviral challenge, 2023, Science Translational Medicine
  • Comparison of protection against mpox following mRNA or modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination in nonhuman primates, 2024, Cell
  • One or two injections of MVA-vectored vaccine shields hACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2 upper and lower respiratory tract infection, 2021, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • Intranasal inoculation of an MVA-based vaccine induces IgA and protects the respiratory tract of hACE2 mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2022, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Best Publications

  • Control of a mucosal challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine.

    Rama Rao Amara;Francois Villinger;John D. Altman;Shari L. Lydy

  • In vitro mutagenesis identifies a region within the envelope gene of the human immunodeficiency virus that is critical for infectivity.

    R L Willey;D H Smith;L A Lasky;T S Theodore

  • Generation of Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses

    Linda S. Wyatt;Patricia L. Earl;Bernard Moss

  • Use of a hybrid vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase system for expression of target genes.

    T R Fuerst;P L Earl;B Moss

  • Immunogenicity of a highly attenuated MVA smallpox vaccine and protection against monkeypox

    Patricia L. Earl;Jeffrey L. Americo;Linda S. Wyatt;Leigh Anne Eller

  • Oligomeric structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein

    Patricia L. Earl;Robert W. Doms;Bernard Moss

  • Folding, interaction with GRP78-BiP, assembly, and transport of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein.

    P L Earl;B Moss;R W Doms

  • Mucosal immunization with HIV-1 peptide vaccine induces mucosal and systemic cytotoxic T lymphocytes and protective immunity in mice against intrarectal recombinant HIV-vaccinia challenge

    Igor M. Belyakov;Michael A. Derby;Jeffrey D. Ahlers;Brian L. Kelsall

  • Conserved TAAATG sequence at the transcriptional and translational initiation sites of vaccinia virus late genes deduced by structural and functional analysis of the HindIII H genome fragment.

    J L Rosel;P L Earl;J P Weir;B Moss

  • Protective Efficacy of a Global HIV-1 Mosaic Vaccine against Heterologous SHIV Challenges in Rhesus Monkeys

    Dan H. Barouch;Dan H. Barouch;Kathryn E. Stephenson;Erica N. Borducchi;Kaitlin Smith

  • Identification of the fusion peptide of primate immunodeficiency viruses.

    Marnix L. Bosch;Patricia L. Earl;Kathleen Fargnoli;Silvia Picciafuoco

  • Highly attenuated smallpox vaccine protects mice with and without immune deficiencies against pathogenic vaccinia virus challenge

    Linda S. Wyatt;Patricia L. Earl;Leigh Anne Eller;Bernard Moss

  • Biological and immunological properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein: analysis of proteins with truncations and deletions expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses

    P L Earl;S Koenig;B Moss

  • Preparation of Cell Cultures and Vaccinia Virus Stocks

    Patricia L. Earl;Norman Cooper;Linda S. Wyatt;Bernard Moss

  • Shared modes of protection against poxvirus infection by attenuated and conventional smallpox vaccine viruses

    Igor M. Belyakov;Patricia Earl;Amiran Dzutsev;Vladimir A. Kuznetsov

  • Native oligomeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein elicits diverse monoclonal antibody reactivities.

    P. L. Earl;C. C. Broder;D. Long;S. A. Lee

  • Removal of cryptic poxvirus transcription termination signals from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gene enhances expression and immunogenicity of a recombinant vaccinia virus.

    P L Earl;A W Hügin;B Moss

  • The importance of local mucosal HIV-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes for resistance to mucosal viral transmission in mice and enhancement of resistance by local administration of IL-12.

    Igor M. Belyakov;Jeffrey D. Ahlers;Benjamin Y. Brandwein;Patricia Earl

  • Homology between DNA polymerases of poxviruses, herpesviruses, and adenoviruses: nucleotide sequence of the vaccinia virus DNA polymerase gene

    Patricia L. Earl;Elaine V. Jones;Bernard Moss

  • Critical Role for Env as well as Gag-Pol in Control of a Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus 89.6P Challenge by a DNA Prime/Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vaccine

    Rama Rao Amara;James M. Smith;James M. Smith;Silvija I. Staprans;David C. Montefiori

  • Control of a mucosal challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine

    Rama Rao Amara;Francois Villinger;John D Altman;Shari L Lydy;Shari L Lydy

Frequent Co-Authors

Bernard Moss
Bernard Moss National Institutes of Health
Linda S. Wyatt
Linda S. Wyatt National Institutes of Health
Rama Rao Amara
Rama Rao Amara Emory University
David C. Montefiori
David C. Montefiori Duke University
Harriet L. Robinson
Harriet L. Robinson Emory University
Britta Wahren
Britta Wahren Karolinska Institute
Merlin L. Robb
Merlin L. Robb Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
Robert W. Doms
Robert W. Doms Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Eric Sandström
Eric Sandström Karolinska Institute
Christopher C. Broder
Christopher C. Broder Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

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