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Clifford W. Cunningham

Clifford W. Cunningham

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Ecology and Evolution 49 3965 3824 1390 1328 61 13304

Clifford W. Cunningham publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Clifford W. Cunningham between 1981 and 2017, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Clifford W. Cunningham published across 37 years, from 1981 to 2017, averaging 1.7 papers a year. Output peaked at 8 publications in 2002. 1 of the 62 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
2 4 6 8
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1981 to 2017. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 8. Peak 8 publications in 2002. 1981: 1 publication 1982: 0 publications 1983: 0 publications 1984: 0 publications 1985: 0 publications 1986: 0 publications 1987: 1 publication 1988: 0 publications 1989: 0 publications 1990: 1 publication 1991: 1 publication 1992: 2 publications 1993: 4 publications 1994: 3 publications 1995: 1 publication 1996: 2 publications 1997: 3 publications 1998: 4 publications 1999: 2 publications 2000: 2 publications 2001: 2 publications 2002: 8 publications 2003: 0 publications 2004: 2 publications 2005: 5 publications 2006: 2 publications 2007: 1 publication 2008: 6 publications 2009: 2 publications 2010: 3 publications 2011: 1 publication 2012: 2 publications 2013: 0 publications 2014: 0 publications 2015: 0 publications 2016: 0 publications 2017: 1 publication
1981 2017

62 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Clifford W. Cunningham: publications per year, 1981 to 2017
Year Publications
1981 1
1982 0
1983 0
1984 0
1985 0
1986 0
1987 1
1988 0
1989 0
1990 1
1991 1
1992 2
1993 4
1994 3
1995 1
1996 2
1997 3
1998 4
1999 2
2000 2
2001 2
2002 8
2003 0
2004 2
2005 5
2006 2
2007 1
2008 6
2009 2
2010 3
2011 1
2012 2
2013 0
2014 0
2015 0
2016 0
2017 1
Total 62
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Clifford W. Cunningham publication distribution in Ecology and Evolution in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Ecology and Evolution in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Clifford W. Cunningham sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
100 200 300
Bar chart with 100 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 37–41 to 531+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 333. Most scientists, 333, have 97–101 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 531 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 57–61 publications, is where this scientist sits. 37–41 publications: 2 scientists 42–46 publications: 9 scientists 47–51 publications: 10 scientists 52–56 publications: 31 scientists 57–61 publications: 56 scientists 62–66 publications: 91 scientists 67–71 publications: 92 scientists 72–76 publications: 127 scientists 77–81 publications: 173 scientists 82–86 publications: 236 scientists 87–91 publications: 227 scientists 92–96 publications: 240 scientists 97–101 publications: 333 scientists 102–106 publications: 280 scientists 107–111 publications: 300 scientists 112–116 publications: 285 scientists 117–121 publications: 305 scientists 122–126 publications: 287 scientists 127–131 publications: 278 scientists 132–136 publications: 289 scientists 137–141 publications: 273 scientists 142–146 publications: 262 scientists 147–151 publications: 246 scientists 152–156 publications: 235 scientists 157–161 publications: 205 scientists 162–166 publications: 199 scientists 167–171 publications: 174 scientists 172–176 publications: 164 scientists 177–181 publications: 173 scientists 182–186 publications: 189 scientists 187–191 publications: 170 scientists 192–196 publications: 139 scientists 197–201 publications: 128 scientists 202–206 publications: 117 scientists 207–211 publications: 115 scientists 212–216 publications: 107 scientists 217–221 publications: 124 scientists 222–226 publications: 81 scientists 227–231 publications: 82 scientists 232–236 publications: 85 scientists 237–241 publications: 75 scientists 242–246 publications: 66 scientists 247–251 publications: 81 scientists 252–256 publications: 69 scientists 257–261 publications: 70 scientists 262–266 publications: 55 scientists 267–271 publications: 64 scientists 272–276 publications: 49 scientists 277–281 publications: 48 scientists 282–286 publications: 44 scientists 287–291 publications: 45 scientists 292–296 publications: 36 scientists 297–301 publications: 39 scientists 302–306 publications: 38 scientists 307–311 publications: 30 scientists 312–316 publications: 34 scientists 317–321 publications: 25 scientists 322–326 publications: 22 scientists 327–331 publications: 28 scientists 332–336 publications: 30 scientists 337–341 publications: 22 scientists 342–346 publications: 30 scientists 347–351 publications: 26 scientists 352–356 publications: 22 scientists 357–361 publications: 29 scientists 362–366 publications: 21 scientists 367–371 publications: 12 scientists 372–376 publications: 18 scientists 377–381 publications: 17 scientists 382–386 publications: 13 scientists 387–391 publications: 21 scientists 392–396 publications: 13 scientists 397–401 publications: 10 scientists 402–406 publications: 15 scientists 407–411 publications: 8 scientists 412–416 publications: 9 scientists 417–421 publications: 8 scientists 422–426 publications: 4 scientists 427–431 publications: 10 scientists 432–436 publications: 10 scientists 437–441 publications: 5 scientists 442–446 publications: 4 scientists 447–451 publications: 10 scientists 452–456 publications: 2 scientists 457–461 publications: 4 scientists 462–466 publications: 7 scientists 467–471 publications: 7 scientists 472–476 publications: 6 scientists 477–481 publications: 6 scientists 482–486 publications: 3 scientists 487–491 publications: 3 scientists 492–496 publications: 4 scientists 497–501 publications: 4 scientists 502–506 publications: 8 scientists 507–511 publications: 5 scientists 512–516 publications: 4 scientists 517–521 publications: 5 scientists 522–526 publications: 4 scientists 527–530 publications: 5 scientists 531+ publications: 100 scientists
37–41 publications 531+

This scientist: 61 publications — 1st percentile

1% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 531 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Ecology and Evolution scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 8,381 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
37–41 2
42–46 9
47–51 10
52–56 31
57–61 56 61
62–66 91
67–71 92
72–76 127
77–81 173
82–86 236
87–91 227
92–96 240
97–101 333
102–106 280
107–111 300
112–116 285
117–121 305
122–126 287
127–131 278
132–136 289
137–141 273
142–146 262
147–151 246
152–156 235
157–161 205
162–166 199
167–171 174
172–176 164
177–181 173
182–186 189
187–191 170
192–196 139
197–201 128
202–206 117
207–211 115
212–216 107
217–221 124
222–226 81
227–231 82
232–236 85
237–241 75
242–246 66
247–251 81
252–256 69
257–261 70
262–266 55
267–271 64
272–276 49
277–281 48
282–286 44
287–291 45
292–296 36
297–301 39
302–306 38
307–311 30
312–316 34
317–321 25
322–326 22
327–331 28
332–336 30
337–341 22
342–346 30
347–351 26
352–356 22
357–361 29
362–366 21
367–371 12
372–376 18
377–381 17
382–386 13
387–391 21
392–396 13
397–401 10
402–406 15
407–411 8
412–416 9
417–421 8
422–426 4
427–431 10
432–436 10
437–441 5
442–446 4
447–451 10
452–456 2
457–461 4
462–466 7
467–471 7
472–476 6
477–481 6
482–486 3
487–491 3
492–496 4
497–501 4
502–506 8
507–511 5
512–516 4
517–521 5
522–526 4
527–530 5
531+ 100
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Clifford W. Cunningham D-index placement in Ecology and Evolution in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Ecology and Evolution scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Clifford W. Cunningham sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200 250
Bar chart with 92 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 30 to 121+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 280. Most scientists, 280, have 40 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 121 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 49 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 30 D-Index: 95 scientists 31 D-Index: 123 scientists 32 D-Index: 191 scientists 33 D-Index: 245 scientists 34 D-Index: 252 scientists 35 D-Index: 244 scientists 36 D-Index: 249 scientists 37 D-Index: 244 scientists 38 D-Index: 254 scientists 39 D-Index: 254 scientists 40 D-Index: 280 scientists 41 D-Index: 274 scientists 42 D-Index: 266 scientists 43 D-Index: 233 scientists 44 D-Index: 248 scientists 45 D-Index: 208 scientists 46 D-Index: 201 scientists 47 D-Index: 213 scientists 48 D-Index: 207 scientists 49 D-Index: 172 scientists 50 D-Index: 209 scientists 51 D-Index: 199 scientists 52 D-Index: 153 scientists 53 D-Index: 169 scientists 54 D-Index: 163 scientists 55 D-Index: 148 scientists 56 D-Index: 120 scientists 57 D-Index: 146 scientists 58 D-Index: 137 scientists 59 D-Index: 140 scientists 60 D-Index: 104 scientists 61 D-Index: 119 scientists 62 D-Index: 118 scientists 63 D-Index: 99 scientists 64 D-Index: 77 scientists 65 D-Index: 100 scientists 66 D-Index: 86 scientists 67 D-Index: 83 scientists 68 D-Index: 75 scientists 69 D-Index: 94 scientists 70 D-Index: 57 scientists 71 D-Index: 68 scientists 72 D-Index: 59 scientists 73 D-Index: 63 scientists 74 D-Index: 66 scientists 75 D-Index: 60 scientists 76 D-Index: 42 scientists 77 D-Index: 49 scientists 78 D-Index: 39 scientists 79 D-Index: 37 scientists 80 D-Index: 43 scientists 81 D-Index: 41 scientists 82 D-Index: 45 scientists 83 D-Index: 34 scientists 84 D-Index: 40 scientists 85 D-Index: 35 scientists 86 D-Index: 55 scientists 87 D-Index: 24 scientists 88 D-Index: 24 scientists 89 D-Index: 30 scientists 90 D-Index: 23 scientists 91 D-Index: 25 scientists 92 D-Index: 27 scientists 93 D-Index: 27 scientists 94 D-Index: 13 scientists 95 D-Index: 23 scientists 96 D-Index: 12 scientists 97 D-Index: 14 scientists 98 D-Index: 19 scientists 99 D-Index: 16 scientists 100 D-Index: 14 scientists 101 D-Index: 5 scientists 102 D-Index: 21 scientists 103 D-Index: 16 scientists 104 D-Index: 10 scientists 105 D-Index: 7 scientists 106 D-Index: 7 scientists 107 D-Index: 7 scientists 108 D-Index: 6 scientists 109 D-Index: 9 scientists 110 D-Index: 11 scientists 111 D-Index: 12 scientists 112 D-Index: 9 scientists 113 D-Index: 7 scientists 114 D-Index: 3 scientists 115 D-Index: 8 scientists 116 D-Index: 5 scientists 117 D-Index: 11 scientists 118 D-Index: 4 scientists 119 D-Index: 2 scientists 120 D-Index: 5 scientists 121+ D-Index: 100 scientists
30 D-Index 121+

This scientist: 49 D-Index — 53rd percentile

53% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 121 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Ecology and Evolution scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 8,381 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
30 95
31 123
32 191
33 245
34 252
35 244
36 249
37 244
38 254
39 254
40 280
41 274
42 266
43 233
44 248
45 208
46 201
47 213
48 207
49 172 49
50 209
51 199
52 153
53 169
54 163
55 148
56 120
57 146
58 137
59 140
60 104
61 119
62 118
63 99
64 77
65 100
66 86
67 83
68 75
69 94
70 57
71 68
72 59
73 63
74 66
75 60
76 42
77 49
78 39
79 37
80 43
81 41
82 45
83 34
84 40
85 35
86 55
87 24
88 24
89 30
90 23
91 25
92 27
93 27
94 13
95 23
96 12
97 14
98 19
99 16
100 14
101 5
102 21
103 16
104 10
105 7
106 7
107 7
108 6
109 9
110 11
111 12
112 9
113 7
114 3
115 8
116 5
117 11
118 4
119 2
120 5
121+ 100
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Overview

What is he best known for?

The fields of study he is best known for:

  • Ecology
  • Gene
  • Extinction

His primary areas of investigation include Phylogenetics, Phylogenetic tree, Evolutionary biology, Zoology and Genetics. His Pancrustacea, Lineage and Palaeoptera study in the realm of Phylogenetics connects with subjects such as Remipedia. Clifford W. Cunningham has included themes like Biological evolution and Computational biology in his Phylogenetic tree study.

Clifford W. Cunningham combines subjects such as Phylogenetic network and Experimental evolution with his study of Computational biology. His Evolutionary biology research integrates issues from Phylum, Chelicerata, Anthozoa and Mitochondrial DNA. His Zoology and Crustacean, Clibanarius vittatus, Pagurus, Decapoda and Hermit crab investigations all form part of his Zoology research activities.

His most cited work include:

  • Partitioning and combining data in phylogenetic analysis (839 citations)
  • Combining data in phylogenetic analysis (792 citations)
  • Can three incongruence tests predict when data should be combined (788 citations)

What are the main themes of his work throughout his whole career to date?

Clifford W. Cunningham spends much of his time researching Phylogenetics, Ecology, Phylogenetic tree, Evolutionary biology and Zoology. His Phylogenetics research is multidisciplinary, relying on both DNA sequencing and Mitochondrial DNA. His Ecology study combines topics from a wide range of disciplines, such as Phylogeography, Vicariance, Biological dispersal and Coalescent theory.

His biological study spans a wide range of topics, including Biological evolution and Computational biology. His Evolutionary biology research includes themes of Hybrid zone, Molecular phylogenetics, Taxon, Anthozoa and Marine habitats. His study in Zoology is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from both Echinometra, Allopatric speciation and Monophyly.

He most often published in these fields:

  • Phylogenetics (38.71%)
  • Ecology (38.71%)
  • Phylogenetic tree (30.65%)

What were the highlights of his more recent work (between 2006-2017)?

  • Ecology (38.71%)
  • Biodiversity (6.45%)
  • Phylogenetics (38.71%)

In recent papers he was focusing on the following fields of study:

Ecology, Biodiversity, Phylogenetics, Range and Hydrozoa are his primary areas of study. His research integrates issues of Deep sea and Coalescent theory in his study of Ecology. Clifford W. Cunningham combines subjects such as Biological evolution and Pacific ocean with his study of Biodiversity.

His Phylogenetics study integrates concerns from other disciplines, such as Myrtaceae and Phylogenetic tree. Clifford W. Cunningham works mostly in the field of Range, limiting it down to concerns involving Genetic diversity and, occasionally, Mitochondrial DNA, Introduced species, Spatial ecology and Structural basin. While the research belongs to areas of Lineage, Clifford W. Cunningham spends his time largely on the problem of Chelicerata, intersecting his research to questions surrounding Evolutionary biology.

Between 2006 and 2017, his most popular works were:

  • Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences (747 citations)
  • Resolving Arthropod Phylogeny: Exploring Phylogenetic Signal within 41 kb of Protein-Coding Nuclear Gene Sequence (180 citations)
  • Ice-age survival of Atlantic cod: agreement between palaeoecology models and genetics (104 citations)

In his most recent research, the most cited papers focused on:

  • Ecology
  • Gene
  • Extinction

Clifford W. Cunningham mainly focuses on Phylogenetics, Pancrustacea, Last Glacial Maximum, Atlantic cod and Glacial period. His Phylogenetics research is multidisciplinary, relying on both Taxonomic rank, Nonsynonymous substitution, Nuclear gene and Phylogenetic tree. Clifford W. Cunningham has included themes like Chelicerata, Lineage and Arthropod in his Pancrustacea study.

His research in Last Glacial Maximum intersects with topics in Range and Ice age.

Best Publications

  • Can three incongruence tests predict when data should be combined

    Clifford W. Cunningham

  • Partitioning and combining data in phylogenetic analysis

    J. J. Bull;John P. Huelsenbeck;Clifford W. Cunningham;David L. Swofford

  • Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences

    Jerome C. Regier;Jeffrey W. Shultz;Jeffrey W. Shultz;Andreas Zwick;April Hussey

  • Combining data in phylogenetic analysis

    John P. Huelsenbeck;J.J. Bull;Clifford W. Cunningham

  • Reconstructing ancestral character states: a critical reappraisal

    Clifford W. Cunningham;Kevin E. Omland;Todd H. Oakley

  • Phylogeography and historical ecology of the North Atlantic intertidal

    John P. Wares;Clifford W. Cunningham

  • Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria: evidence from mitochondrial genome structure.

    Diane Bridge;Clifford W. Cunningham;Bernd Schierwater;Rob Desalle

  • Is congruence between data partitions a reliable predictor of phylogenetic accuracy? Empirically testing an iterative procedure for choosing among phylogenetic methods.

    Clifford W. Cunningham

  • Local adaptation and species segregation in two mussel (Mytilus edulis x Mytilus trossulus) hybrid zones.

    Cynthia Riginos;Clifford W. Cunningham

  • Evolution of king crabs from hermit crab ancestors

    C. W. Cunningham;C. W. Cunningham;N. W. Blackstone;L. W. Buss

  • Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence.

    D Bridge;C W Cunningham;R DeSalle;L W Buss

  • Diversity in the weapons of sexual selection: horn evolution in the beetle genus Onthophagus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

    Douglas J. Emlen;Jennifer Marangelo;Bernard Ball;Clifford W. Cunningham

  • A comparative study of asymmetric migration events across a marine biogeographic boundary.

    John P. Wares;Steven D. Gaines;Clifford W. Cunningham

  • Crab shell-crushing predation and gastropod architectural defense

    Mark D. Bertness;Clifford Cunningham

  • Molecular evidence for multiple episodes of paedomorphosis in the family Hydractiniidae

    Clifford W. Cunningham;Leo W. Buss

  • Resolving Arthropod Phylogeny: Exploring Phylogenetic Signal within 41 kb of Protein-Coding Nuclear Gene Sequence

    Jerome C. Regier;Jeffrey W. Shultz;Austen R. D. Ganley;April Hussey

  • BEST-FIT MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD MODELS FOR PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE: EMPIRICAL TESTS WITH KNOWN PHYLOGENIES.

    C. W. Cunningham;H. Zhu;D. M. Hillis

  • Some Limitations of Ancestral Character-State Reconstruction When Testing Evolutionary Hypotheses

    Clifford W. Cunningham

  • Independent contrasts succeed where ancestor reconstruction fails in a known bacteriophage phylogeny.

    Todd H. Oakley;Clifford W. Cunningham

  • Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the independent evolutionary origin of an arthropod compound eye

    Todd H. Oakley;Clifford W. Cunningham

Frequent Co-Authors

James J. Bull
James J. Bull University of Idaho
Leo W. Buss
Leo W. Buss Yale University
John P. Huelsenbeck
John P. Huelsenbeck University of California, Berkeley
Michael J. Hickerson
Michael J. Hickerson City University of New York
David M. Hillis
David M. Hillis The University of Texas at Austin
Cynthia Riginos
Cynthia Riginos University of Queensland
Rob DeSalle
Rob DeSalle American Museum of Natural History
Todd H. Oakley
Todd H. Oakley University of California, Santa Barbara
Jason E. Stajich
Jason E. Stajich University of California, Riverside
Jim Leebens-Mack
Jim Leebens-Mack University of Georgia

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