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Karl W. Birkeland

Karl W. Birkeland

Karl W. Birkeland publication distribution in Earth Science in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Earth Science in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Karl W. Birkeland sits on this spectrum.

38–42 publications: 1 scientists 43–47 publications: 0 scientists 48–52 publications: 3 scientists 53–57 publications: 8 scientists 58–62 publications: 11 scientists 63–67 publications: 16 scientists 68–72 publications: 24 scientists 73–77 publications: 31 scientists 78–82 publications: 49 scientists 83–87 publications: 77 scientists 88–92 publications: 86 scientists 93–97 publications: 88 scientists 98–102 publications: 92 scientists 103–107 publications: 84 scientists 108–112 publications: 102 scientists 113–117 publications: 108 scientists 118–122 publications: 117 scientists 123–127 publications: 126 scientists 128–132 publications: 146 scientists 133–137 publications: 114 scientists 138–142 publications: 102 scientists 143–147 publications: 127 scientists 148–152 publications: 102 scientists 153–157 publications: 112 scientists 158–162 publications: 102 scientists 163–167 publications: 127 scientists 168–172 publications: 121 scientists 173–177 publications: 112 scientists 178–182 publications: 109 scientists 183–187 publications: 98 scientists 188–192 publications: 92 scientists 193–197 publications: 105 scientists 198–202 publications: 77 scientists 203–207 publications: 80 scientists 208–212 publications: 89 scientists 213–217 publications: 70 scientists 218–222 publications: 74 scientists 223–227 publications: 74 scientists 228–232 publications: 70 scientists 233–237 publications: 67 scientists 238–242 publications: 59 scientists 243–247 publications: 67 scientists 248–252 publications: 51 scientists 253–257 publications: 46 scientists 258–262 publications: 41 scientists 263–267 publications: 39 scientists 268–272 publications: 34 scientists 273–277 publications: 39 scientists 278–282 publications: 35 scientists 283–287 publications: 36 scientists 288–292 publications: 35 scientists 293–297 publications: 29 scientists 298–302 publications: 23 scientists 303–307 publications: 39 scientists 308–312 publications: 34 scientists 313–317 publications: 23 scientists 318–322 publications: 18 scientists 323–327 publications: 18 scientists 328–332 publications: 21 scientists 333–337 publications: 20 scientists 338–342 publications: 15 scientists 343–347 publications: 13 scientists 348–352 publications: 24 scientists 353–357 publications: 25 scientists 358–362 publications: 10 scientists 363–367 publications: 20 scientists 368–372 publications: 17 scientists 373–377 publications: 18 scientists 378–382 publications: 15 scientists 383–387 publications: 7 scientists 388–392 publications: 22 scientists 393–397 publications: 9 scientists 398–402 publications: 11 scientists 403–407 publications: 16 scientists 408–412 publications: 4 scientists 413–417 publications: 5 scientists 418–422 publications: 14 scientists 423–427 publications: 8 scientists 428–432 publications: 7 scientists 433–437 publications: 7 scientists 438–442 publications: 10 scientists 443–447 publications: 10 scientists 448–452 publications: 3 scientists 453–457 publications: 9 scientists 458–462 publications: 11 scientists 463–467 publications: 4 scientists 468–472 publications: 6 scientists 473–477 publications: 11 scientists 478–482 publications: 8 scientists 483–487 publications: 2 scientists 488–492 publications: 3 scientists 493–497 publications: 4 scientists 498–502 publications: 4 scientists 503–507 publications: 4 scientists 508–509 publications: 4 scientists 510+ publications: 100 scientists
38 publications 510+

The last bar groups every scientist with 510 publications or more.

Karl W. Birkeland D-index placement in Earth Science in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Earth Science scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Karl W. Birkeland sits on this spectrum.

30 D-Index: 15 scientists 31 D-Index: 42 scientists 32 D-Index: 60 scientists 33 D-Index: 90 scientists 34 D-Index: 103 scientists 35 D-Index: 108 scientists 36 D-Index: 142 scientists 37 D-Index: 147 scientists 38 D-Index: 147 scientists 39 D-Index: 152 scientists 40 D-Index: 143 scientists 41 D-Index: 157 scientists 42 D-Index: 141 scientists 43 D-Index: 151 scientists 44 D-Index: 140 scientists 45 D-Index: 135 scientists 46 D-Index: 121 scientists 47 D-Index: 108 scientists 48 D-Index: 128 scientists 49 D-Index: 111 scientists 50 D-Index: 106 scientists 51 D-Index: 112 scientists 52 D-Index: 102 scientists 53 D-Index: 103 scientists 54 D-Index: 94 scientists 55 D-Index: 61 scientists 56 D-Index: 101 scientists 57 D-Index: 71 scientists 58 D-Index: 65 scientists 59 D-Index: 78 scientists 60 D-Index: 93 scientists 61 D-Index: 56 scientists 62 D-Index: 58 scientists 63 D-Index: 52 scientists 64 D-Index: 63 scientists 65 D-Index: 49 scientists 66 D-Index: 53 scientists 67 D-Index: 57 scientists 68 D-Index: 50 scientists 69 D-Index: 44 scientists 70 D-Index: 44 scientists 71 D-Index: 31 scientists 72 D-Index: 33 scientists 73 D-Index: 33 scientists 74 D-Index: 23 scientists 75 D-Index: 32 scientists 76 D-Index: 24 scientists 77 D-Index: 17 scientists 78 D-Index: 19 scientists 79 D-Index: 9 scientists 80 D-Index: 21 scientists 81 D-Index: 20 scientists 82 D-Index: 17 scientists 83 D-Index: 19 scientists 84 D-Index: 19 scientists 85 D-Index: 14 scientists 86 D-Index: 6 scientists 87 D-Index: 14 scientists 88 D-Index: 17 scientists 89 D-Index: 10 scientists 90 D-Index: 8 scientists 91 D-Index: 8 scientists 92 D-Index: 9 scientists 93 D-Index: 6 scientists 94+ D-Index: 98 scientists
30 D-Index 94+

The last bar groups every scientist with 94 D-Index or more.

Overview

Karl W. Birkeland is affiliated with the US Forest Service in the United States. Their research primarily focuses on Earth and Planetary Sciences and Environmental Science, with significant contributions to the subfields of Atmospheric Science, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Global and Planetary Change, and Computational Mechanics.

The main topics of their work cover cryospheric studies and observations, landslides and related hazards, winter sports injuries and performance, tree-ring climate responses, fire effects on ecosystems, climate change and permafrost, and flood risk assessment and management.

Karl W. Birkeland has published extensively, with notable papers including:

  • Climate drivers of large magnitude snow avalanche years in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains, 2021, Scientific Reports
  • Combining GPS tracking and survey data to better understand travel behavior of out-of-bounds skiers, 2020, Applied Geography
  • A regional spatiotemporal analysis of large magnitude snow avalanches using tree rings, 2021, Natural hazards and earth system sciences
  • Assessing the seasonal evolution of snow depth spatial variability and scaling in complex mountain terrain, 2022, The Cryosphere
  • Satellite detection of snow avalanches using Sentinel-1 in a transitional snow climate, 2022, Cold Regions Science and Technology

Frequent coauthors collaborating with Karl W. Birkeland include:

  • Jordy Hendrikx
  • Erich Peitzsch
  • Daniel B. Fagre
  • Gregory T. Pederson
  • J. David Johnson

Their publications frequently appear in these venues:

  • Natural hazards and earth system sciences
  • The Cryosphere
  • Cold Regions Science and Technology
  • Scientific Reports
  • Applied Geography

Best Publications

  • Review of spatial variability of snowpack properties and its importance for avalanche formation

    Jürg Schweizer;Kalle Kronholm;J. Bruce Jamieson;Karl W. Birkeland

  • Snow Avalanche Climatology of the Western United States Mountain Ranges

    Cary J. Mock;Karl W. Birkeland

  • A conceptual model of avalanche hazard

    Grant Statham;Pascal Haegeli;Ethan Greene;Karl Birkeland

  • TERMINOLOGY AND PREDOMINANT PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE FORMATION OF WEAK LAYERS OF NEAR-SURFACE FACETED CRYSTALS IN THE MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK

    Karl W. Birkeland

  • The Extended Column Test: Test effectiveness, spatial variability, and comparison with the Propagation Saw Test

    Ron Simenhois;Karl W. Birkeland

  • Power‐laws and snow avalanches

    K. W. Birkeland;K. W. Birkeland;C. C. Landry

  • Estimating the effective elastic modulus and specific fracture energy of snowpack layers from field experiments

    Alec van Herwijnen;Johan Gaume;Edward H. Bair;Benjamin Reuter

  • The spatial variability of snow resistance on potential avalanche slopes

    K. W. Birkeland;K.J. Hansen;R. L. Brown

  • Spatial patterns of snow stability throughout a small mountain range

    K.W. Birkeland

  • Modeling of crack propagation in weak snowpack layers using the discrete element method

    J. Gaume;A. van Herwijnen;G. Chambon;K. W. Birkeland

  • Near-Surface Faceted Crystals Formed by Diurnal Recrystallization: A Case Study of Weak Layer Formation in the Mountain Snowpack and Its Contribution to Snow Avalanches

    Karl W. Birkeland;Ron F. Johnson;D. Scott Schmidt

  • The Extended Column Test: A Field Test for Fracture Initiation and Propagation

    Ron Simenhois;Karl Birkeland

  • Avalanche extremes and atmospheric circulation patterns

    K.W. Birkeland;C. J. Mock;J. J. Shinker

  • Variations in snow strength and stability on uniform slopes

    C. Landry;K. Birkeland;K. Birkeland;K. Hansen;J. Borkowski

  • ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH HEAVY SNOWFALL EVENTS, BRIDGER BOWL, MONTANA, U.S.A.

    Karl W. Birkeland

  • Terminology and Predominant Processes Associated with the Formation of Weak Layers of Near-Surface Faceted Crystals in the Mountain Snowpack

    Unknown

  • Integrating spatial patterns into a snow avalanche cellular automata model

    Kalle Kronholm;Kalle Kronholm;Karl W. Birkeland;Karl W. Birkeland

  • A statistical validation of the snowpack model in a Montana climate

    Christopher C Lundy;Robert L Brown;Edward E Adams;Karl W Birkeland

  • Integrating shear quality into stability test results

    Ron F. Johnson;Karl W. Birkeland

  • The stuffblock snow stability test: comparability with the rutschblock, usefulness in different snow climates, and repeatability between observers

    Karl W Birkeland;Ron F Johnson

  • Exploring multi-scale spatial patterns in historical avalanche data, Jackson Hole Mountain Resort, Wyoming

    C. McCollister;K. Birkeland;K. Birkeland;K. Hansen;R. Aspinall

  • THE NORTH AMERICAN PUBLIC AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE

    Grant Statham;Pascal Haegeli;Karl W. Birkeland;Ethan Greene

  • Climate drivers of large magnitude snow avalanche years in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains

    Erich H. Peitzsch;Gregory T. Pederson;Karl W. Birkeland;Jordy Hendrikx

  • Changes in the shear strength and micro-penetration hardness of a buried surface-hoar layer

    Karl W. Birkeland;Kalle Kronholm;Martin Schneebeli;Christine Pielmeier

Frequent Co-Authors

Jürg Schweizer
Jürg Schweizer Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
Alec van Herwijnen
Alec van Herwijnen Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
Kelly Elder
Kelly Elder US Forest Service
Hans-Peter Marshall
Hans-Peter Marshall Boise State University
Jeff Dozier
Jeff Dozier University of California, Santa Barbara
Martyn P. Clark
Martyn P. Clark University of Saskatchewan
Martin Schneebeli
Martin Schneebeli WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF
Michael Lehning
Michael Lehning École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Peter Gumbsch
Peter Gumbsch Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Thomas G. Huntington
Thomas G. Huntington United States Geological Survey

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