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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Computer Science 55 4175 4058 163 153 102 32341

Colin Raffel publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Colin Raffel between 2010 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Colin Raffel published across 16 years, from 2010 to 2025, averaging 9.1 papers a year. Output peaked at 24 publications in 2022. 25 of the 146 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10 15 20
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 2010 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 24. Peak 24 publications in 2022. 2010: 2 publications 2011: 0 publications 2012: 0 publications 2013: 0 publications 2014: 3 publications 2015: 9 publications 2016: 6 publications 2017: 3 publications 2018: 15 publications 2019: 10 publications 2020: 13 publications 2021: 18 publications 2022: 24 publications 2023: 18 publications 2024: 12 publications 2025: 13 publications
2010 2025

146 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Colin Raffel: publications per year, 2010 to 2025
Year Publications
2010 2
2011 0
2012 0
2013 0
2014 3
2015 9
2016 6
2017 3
2018 15
2019 10
2020 13
2021 18
2022 24
2023 18
2024 12
2025 13
Total 146
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Colin Raffel publications per year - data summary

  • Colin Raffel, a Computer Science scholar from University of Toronto, has 146 publications recorded across 16 years, from 2010 to 2025.
  • The oldest publication on record dates to 2010 and the most recent to 2025.
  • The most productive year is 2022, with 24 publications.
  • The least productive year with any output is 2010, with 2 publications.
  • 3 of the 16 years in the span carry no publications at all (2011, 2012 and 2013).
  • The rate of publication averages 9.1 papers per year over the whole span, or 11.2 per year counting only the 13 years with at least one publication.
  • The last 5 years on the chart (2021-2025) hold 85 publications, 58% of the career total.
  • Split into equal eras - 2010-2015: 14 publications (2.3 per year); 2016-2021: 65 publications (10.8 per year); 2022-2025: 67 publications (16.8 per year).
  • Comparing the opening and closing eras, the overall trend of publication is rising.

Colin Raffel publication distribution in Computer Science in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Computer Science in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Colin Raffel sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600
Bar chart with 97 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 32–41 to 991+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 609. Most scientists, 609, have 142–151 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 991 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 102–111 publications, is where this scientist sits. 32–41 publications: 7 scientists 42–51 publications: 22 scientists 52–61 publications: 82 scientists 62–71 publications: 134 scientists 72–81 publications: 249 scientists 82–91 publications: 324 scientists 92–101 publications: 421 scientists 102–111 publications: 420 scientists 112–121 publications: 497 scientists 122–131 publications: 544 scientists 132–141 publications: 555 scientists 142–151 publications: 609 scientists 152–161 publications: 559 scientists 162–171 publications: 534 scientists 172–181 publications: 556 scientists 182–191 publications: 583 scientists 192–201 publications: 519 scientists 202–211 publications: 508 scientists 212–221 publications: 490 scientists 222–231 publications: 437 scientists 232–241 publications: 423 scientists 242–251 publications: 408 scientists 252–261 publications: 377 scientists 262–271 publications: 301 scientists 272–281 publications: 335 scientists 282–291 publications: 320 scientists 292–301 publications: 293 scientists 302–311 publications: 250 scientists 312–321 publications: 238 scientists 322–331 publications: 206 scientists 332–341 publications: 209 scientists 342–351 publications: 208 scientists 352–361 publications: 162 scientists 362–371 publications: 176 scientists 372–381 publications: 127 scientists 382–391 publications: 158 scientists 392–401 publications: 128 scientists 402–411 publications: 104 scientists 412–421 publications: 94 scientists 422–431 publications: 99 scientists 432–441 publications: 83 scientists 442–451 publications: 108 scientists 452–461 publications: 73 scientists 462–471 publications: 77 scientists 472–481 publications: 69 scientists 482–491 publications: 84 scientists 492–501 publications: 62 scientists 502–511 publications: 54 scientists 512–521 publications: 57 scientists 522–531 publications: 51 scientists 532–541 publications: 51 scientists 542–551 publications: 32 scientists 552–561 publications: 38 scientists 562–571 publications: 28 scientists 572–581 publications: 43 scientists 582–591 publications: 33 scientists 592–601 publications: 41 scientists 602–611 publications: 32 scientists 612–621 publications: 28 scientists 622–631 publications: 25 scientists 632–641 publications: 27 scientists 642–651 publications: 17 scientists 652–661 publications: 20 scientists 662–671 publications: 17 scientists 672–681 publications: 15 scientists 682–691 publications: 14 scientists 692–701 publications: 21 scientists 702–711 publications: 13 scientists 712–721 publications: 12 scientists 722–731 publications: 19 scientists 732–741 publications: 14 scientists 742–751 publications: 12 scientists 752–761 publications: 10 scientists 762–771 publications: 10 scientists 772–781 publications: 11 scientists 782–791 publications: 10 scientists 792–801 publications: 11 scientists 802–811 publications: 8 scientists 812–821 publications: 8 scientists 822–831 publications: 7 scientists 832–841 publications: 11 scientists 842–851 publications: 10 scientists 852–861 publications: 5 scientists 862–871 publications: 9 scientists 872–881 publications: 4 scientists 882–891 publications: 6 scientists 892–901 publications: 3 scientists 902–911 publications: 6 scientists 912–921 publications: 3 scientists 922–931 publications: 2 scientists 932–941 publications: 2 scientists 942–951 publications: 2 scientists 952–961 publications: 3 scientists 962–971 publications: 3 scientists 972–981 publications: 3 scientists 982–990 publications: 5 scientists 991+ publications: 100 scientists
32–41 publications 991+

This scientist: 102 publications — 9th percentile

9% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 991 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Computer Science scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 14,188 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
32–41 7
42–51 22
52–61 82
62–71 134
72–81 249
82–91 324
92–101 421
102–111 420 102
112–121 497
122–131 544
132–141 555
142–151 609
152–161 559
162–171 534
172–181 556
182–191 583
192–201 519
202–211 508
212–221 490
222–231 437
232–241 423
242–251 408
252–261 377
262–271 301
272–281 335
282–291 320
292–301 293
302–311 250
312–321 238
322–331 206
332–341 209
342–351 208
352–361 162
362–371 176
372–381 127
382–391 158
392–401 128
402–411 104
412–421 94
422–431 99
432–441 83
442–451 108
452–461 73
462–471 77
472–481 69
482–491 84
492–501 62
502–511 54
512–521 57
522–531 51
532–541 51
542–551 32
552–561 38
562–571 28
572–581 43
582–591 33
592–601 41
602–611 32
612–621 28
622–631 25
632–641 27
642–651 17
652–661 20
662–671 17
672–681 15
682–691 14
692–701 21
702–711 13
712–721 12
722–731 19
732–741 14
742–751 12
752–761 10
762–771 10
772–781 11
782–791 10
792–801 11
802–811 8
812–821 8
822–831 7
832–841 11
842–851 10
852–861 5
862–871 9
872–881 4
882–891 6
892–901 3
902–911 6
912–921 3
922–931 2
932–941 2
942–951 2
952–961 3
962–971 3
972–981 3
982–990 5
991+ 100
Download as CSV

Colin Raffel publication distribution in Computer Science in 2026 - data summary

  • The chart plots the publication count of all 14,188 Computer Science scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026, grouped into 97 ranges running from 32–41 to 991+ publications.
  • Colin Raffel, a Computer Science scholar from University of Toronto, records 102 publications - the 9th percentile of the discipline.
  • 9% of ranked Computer Science scientists score the same or lower than Colin Raffel, and about 91% score higher.
  • The median of the discipline falls in the 202–211 publications range, and Colin Raffel ranks below the median.
  • The most crowded range is 142–151 publications, holding 609 scientists (4% of the field).
  • 70% of the field sits in the lowest quarter of the value range (up to 272–281 publications), so the distribution is heavily right-skewed and high scores are rare.
  • The final bar has no upper bound: it groups every scientist with 991 publications or more, 100 scientists in all (<1% of the field).

Colin Raffel D-index placement in Computer Science in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Computer Science scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Colin Raffel sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600 800
Bar chart with 52 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 30–31 to 131+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 990. Most scientists, 990, have 36–37 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 131 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 54–55 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 30–31 D-Index: 879 scientists 32–33 D-Index: 983 scientists 34–35 D-Index: 918 scientists 36–37 D-Index: 990 scientists 38–39 D-Index: 968 scientists 40–41 D-Index: 907 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 821 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 763 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 689 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 543 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 543 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 518 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 500 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 458 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 400 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 337 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 308 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 292 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 249 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 213 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 192 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 189 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 165 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 139 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 119 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 121 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 113 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 88 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 87 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 75 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 69 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 57 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 46 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 38 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 34 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 36 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 27 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 37 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 18 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 31 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 19 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 16 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 12 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 20 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 15 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 5 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 20 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 8 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 5 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 7 scientists 130 D-Index: 3 scientists 131+ D-Index: 98 scientists
30–31 D-Index 131+

This scientist: 55 D-Index — 71st percentile

71% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 131 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Computer Science scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 14,188 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
30–31 879
32–33 983
34–35 918
36–37 990
38–39 968
40–41 907
42–43 821
44–45 763
46–47 689
48–49 543
50–51 543
52–53 518
54–55 500 55
56–57 458
58–59 400
60–61 337
62–63 308
64–65 292
66–67 249
68–69 213
70–71 192
72–73 189
74–75 165
76–77 139
78–79 119
80–81 121
82–83 113
84–85 88
86–87 87
88–89 75
90–91 69
92–93 57
94–95 46
96–97 38
98–99 34
100–101 36
102–103 27
104–105 37
106–107 18
108–109 31
110–111 19
112–113 16
114–115 12
116–117 20
118–119 15
120–121 5
122–123 20
124–125 8
126–127 5
128–129 7
130 3
131+ 98
Download as CSV

Colin Raffel D-index placement in Computer Science in 2026 - data summary

  • The chart plots the discipline H-index (D-index) of all 14,188 Computer Science scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026, grouped into 52 ranges running from 30–31 to 131+ D-Index.
  • Colin Raffel, a Computer Science scholar from University of Toronto, records 55 D-Index - the 71st percentile of the discipline.
  • 71% of ranked Computer Science scientists score the same or lower than Colin Raffel, and about 29% score higher.
  • The median of the discipline falls in the 44–45 D-Index range, and Colin Raffel ranks above the median.
  • The most crowded range is 36–37 D-Index, holding 990 scientists (7% of the field).
  • 71% of the field sits in the lowest quarter of the value range (up to 54–55 D-Index), so the distribution is heavily right-skewed and high scores are rare.
  • The final bar has no upper bound: it groups every scientist with 131 D-Index or more, 98 scientists in all (<1% of the field).

Overview

Colin Raffel is affiliated with the University of Toronto in Canada and has contributed extensively to the field of computer science, with a particular focus on artificial intelligence and machine learning. Their research output includes over 150 publications, reflecting a broad engagement with key areas of computational study.

The primary fields of study represented in their work include:

  • Computer Science

Within this overarching field, Raffel's research spans several subfields, notably:

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
  • Information Systems
  • Health Informatics
  • Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

The main topics covered in Raffel's publications encompass:

  • Topic Modeling
  • Natural Language Processing Techniques
  • Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
  • Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning
  • Machine Learning and Data Classification
  • Advanced Neural Network Applications
  • Machine Learning and Algorithms

Raffel's frequent coauthors include:

  • Mohit Bansal
  • Derek Tam
  • Teven Le Scao
  • Sharan Narang
  • Adam P. Roberts

Several key venues have published Raffel's work multiple times, illustrating a sustained engagement with prominent outlets. These venues are:

  • arXiv (Cornell University)
  • UNC Libraries
  • Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics
  • Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
  • Communications of the ACM

Notable recent papers authored or coauthored by Raffel include:

  • FixMatch: Simplifying Semi-Supervised Learning with Consistency and Confidence, 2020, arXiv (Cornell University)
  • Static Analysis of Shape in TensorFlow Programs, 2020, arXiv (Cornell University)
  • Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models, 2022, arXiv (Cornell University)
  • Helping Cancer Patients to Choose the Best Treatment: Towards Automated Data-Driven and Personalized Information Presentation of Cancer Treatment Options, 2024, Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (Schloss Dagstuhl)
  • mT5: A massively multilingual pre-trained text-to-text transformer, 2020, arXiv (Cornell University)

Best Publications

  • Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer

    Colin Raffel;Noam Shazeer;Adam Roberts;Katherine Lee

  • librosa: Audio and Music Signal Analysis in Python

    Brian McFee;Colin Raffel;Dawen Liang;Daniel P.W. Ellis

  • FixMatch: Simplifying Semi-Supervised Learning with Consistency and Confidence

    Kihyuk Sohn;David Berthelot;Chun-Liang Li;Zizhao Zhang

  • Theano: A Python framework for fast computation of mathematical expressions

    Rami Al-Rfou;Guillaume Alain;Amjad Almahairi

  • MixMatch: A Holistic Approach to Semi-Supervised Learning

    David Berthelot;Nicholas Carlini;Ian Goodfellow;Nicolas Papernot

  • Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models

    Unknown

  • mT5: A Massively Multilingual Pre-trained Text-to-Text Transformer

    Linting Xue;Noah Constant;Adam Roberts;Mihir Kale

  • BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

    Unknown

  • Realistic Evaluation of Deep Semi-Supervised Learning Algorithms

    Avital Oliver;Augustus Odena;Colin A. Raffel;Ekin Dogus Cubuk

  • How Much Knowledge Can You Pack Into the Parameters of a Language Model

    Adam Roberts;Colin Raffel;Noam Shazeer

  • Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalization

    Victor Sanh;Albert Webson;Colin Raffel;Stephen H. Bach

  • Few-Shot Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning is Better and Cheaper than In-Context Learning

    Unknown

  • Crosslingual Generalization through Multitask Finetuning

    Unknown

  • Thermometer Encoding: One Hot Way To Resist Adversarial Examples

    Jacob Buckman;Aurko Roy;Colin Raffel;Ian Goodfellow

  • MIR_EVAL: A Transparent Implementation of Common MIR Metrics.

    Colin Raffel;Brian McFee;Eric J. Humphrey;Justin Salamon

  • ReMixMatch: Semi-Supervised Learning with Distribution Matching and Augmentation Anchoring

    David Berthelot;Nicholas Carlini;Ekin D. Cubuk;Alex Kurakin

  • Extracting Training Data from Large Language Models

    Nicholas Carlini;Florian Tramèr;Eric Wallace;Matthew Jagielski

  • A Hierarchical Latent Vector Model for Learning Long-Term Structure in Music

    Adam Roberts;Jesse H. Engel;Colin Raffel;Curtis Hawthorne

  • PromptSource: An Integrated Development Environment and Repository for Natural Language Prompts

    Unknown

  • Feed-Forward Networks with Attention Can Solve Some Long-Term Memory Problems

    Colin Raffel;Daniel P. W. Ellis

  • Lasagne: First release.

    Sander Dieleman;Michael Heilman;Jack Kelly;Martin Thoma

  • Imperceptible, Robust, and Targeted Adversarial Examples for Automatic Speech Recognition.

    Yao Qin;Nicholas Carlini;Garrison W. Cottrell;Ian J. Goodfellow

  • Lingvo: a Modular and Scalable Framework for Sequence-to-Sequence Modeling

    Jonathan Shen;Patrick Nguyen;Yonghui Wu;Zhifeng Chen

  • ReMixMatch: Semi-Supervised Learning with Distribution Alignment and Augmentation Anchoring

    David Berthelot;Nicholas Carlini;Ekin D. Cubuk;Alex Kurakin

  • Learning-Based Methods for Comparing Sequences, with Applications to Audio-to-MIDI Alignment and Matching

    Colin Raffel

  • Imperceptible, Robust, and Targeted Adversarial Examples for Automatic Speech Recognition

    Yao Qin;Nicholas Carlini;Ian Goodfellow;Garrison Cottrell

Frequent Co-Authors

Daniel P. W. Ellis
Daniel P. W. Ellis Google (United States)
Ian Goodfellow
Ian Goodfellow Google (United States)
Nicholas Carlini
Nicholas Carlini Google (United States)
Douglas Eck
Douglas Eck Google (United States)
Chung-Cheng Chiu
Chung-Cheng Chiu Google (United States)
Ekin D. Cubuk
Ekin D. Cubuk Google (United States)
Noam Shazeer
Noam Shazeer Google (United States)
Garrison W. Cottrell
Garrison W. Cottrell University of California, San Diego
Kihyuk Sohn
Kihyuk Sohn Google (United States)

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