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William K. Estes

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking National Ranking Publications Citations
Psychology 57 3982 2234 160 16209

William K. Estes publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by William K. Estes between 1950 and 2024, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. William K. Estes published across 75 years, from 1950 to 2024, averaging 2.2 papers a year. Output peaked at 14 publications in 2014. 2 of the 164 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
5 10
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1950 to 2024. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 14. Peak 14 publications in 2014. 1950: 2 publications 1951: 0 publications 1952: 0 publications 1953: 1 publication 1954: 3 publications 1955: 2 publications 1956: 2 publications 1957: 8 publications 1958: 2 publications 1959: 1 publication 1960: 4 publications 1961: 5 publications 1962: 1 publication 1963: 0 publications 1964: 3 publications 1965: 4 publications 1966: 6 publications 1967: 2 publications 1968: 4 publications 1969: 3 publications 1970: 1 publication 1971: 2 publications 1972: 4 publications 1973: 2 publications 1974: 5 publications 1975: 4 publications 1976: 4 publications 1977: 2 publications 1978: 2 publications 1979: 4 publications 1980: 0 publications 1981: 3 publications 1982: 2 publications 1983: 0 publications 1984: 3 publications 1985: 2 publications 1986: 2 publications 1987: 2 publications 1988: 0 publications 1989: 1 publication 1990: 3 publications 1991: 5 publications 1992: 3 publications 1993: 3 publications 1994: 12 publications 1995: 2 publications 1996: 0 publications 1997: 5 publications 1998: 1 publication 1999: 0 publications 2000: 1 publication 2001: 2 publications 2002: 2 publications 2003: 0 publications 2004: 1 publication 2005: 1 publication 2006: 0 publications 2007: 1 publication 2008: 0 publications 2009: 0 publications 2010: 1 publication 2011: 0 publications 2012: 0 publications 2013: 1 publication 2014: 14 publications 2015: 1 publication 2016: 1 publication 2017: 0 publications 2018: 0 publications 2019: 3 publications 2020: 0 publications 2021: 0 publications 2022: 1 publication 2023: 0 publications 2024: 2 publications
1950 2024

164 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
William K. Estes: publications per year, 1950 to 2024
Year Publications
1950 2
1951 0
1952 0
1953 1
1954 3
1955 2
1956 2
1957 8
1958 2
1959 1
1960 4
1961 5
1962 1
1963 0
1964 3
1965 4
1966 6
1967 2
1968 4
1969 3
1970 1
1971 2
1972 4
1973 2
1974 5
1975 4
1976 4
1977 2
1978 2
1979 4
1980 0
1981 3
1982 2
1983 0
1984 3
1985 2
1986 2
1987 2
1988 0
1989 1
1990 3
1991 5
1992 3
1993 3
1994 12
1995 2
1996 0
1997 5
1998 1
1999 0
2000 1
2001 2
2002 2
2003 0
2004 1
2005 1
2006 0
2007 1
2008 0
2009 0
2010 1
2011 0
2012 0
2013 1
2014 14
2015 1
2016 1
2017 0
2018 0
2019 3
2020 0
2021 0
2022 1
2023 0
2024 2
Total 164
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William K. Estes publication distribution in Psychology in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Psychology in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where William K. Estes sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600
Bar chart with 69 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 31–40 to 705+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 736. Most scientists, 736, have 101–110 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 705 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 151–160 publications, is where this scientist sits. 31–40 publications: 6 scientists 41–50 publications: 52 scientists 51–60 publications: 138 scientists 61–70 publications: 299 scientists 71–80 publications: 461 scientists 81–90 publications: 605 scientists 91–100 publications: 713 scientists 101–110 publications: 736 scientists 111–120 publications: 686 scientists 121–130 publications: 670 scientists 131–140 publications: 644 scientists 141–150 publications: 597 scientists 151–160 publications: 576 scientists 161–170 publications: 477 scientists 171–180 publications: 450 scientists 181–190 publications: 397 scientists 191–200 publications: 343 scientists 201–210 publications: 328 scientists 211–220 publications: 313 scientists 221–230 publications: 283 scientists 231–240 publications: 226 scientists 241–250 publications: 196 scientists 251–260 publications: 201 scientists 261–270 publications: 171 scientists 271–280 publications: 151 scientists 281–290 publications: 139 scientists 291–300 publications: 113 scientists 301–310 publications: 102 scientists 311–320 publications: 100 scientists 321–330 publications: 76 scientists 331–340 publications: 92 scientists 341–350 publications: 85 scientists 351–360 publications: 69 scientists 361–370 publications: 71 scientists 371–380 publications: 63 scientists 381–390 publications: 58 scientists 391–400 publications: 57 scientists 401–410 publications: 43 scientists 411–420 publications: 33 scientists 421–430 publications: 50 scientists 431–440 publications: 41 scientists 441–450 publications: 32 scientists 451–460 publications: 27 scientists 461–470 publications: 28 scientists 471–480 publications: 25 scientists 481–490 publications: 28 scientists 491–500 publications: 20 scientists 501–510 publications: 23 scientists 511–520 publications: 26 scientists 521–530 publications: 17 scientists 531–540 publications: 21 scientists 541–550 publications: 14 scientists 551–560 publications: 16 scientists 561–570 publications: 10 scientists 571–580 publications: 22 scientists 581–590 publications: 9 scientists 591–600 publications: 14 scientists 601–610 publications: 9 scientists 611–620 publications: 11 scientists 621–630 publications: 4 scientists 631–640 publications: 7 scientists 641–650 publications: 5 scientists 651–660 publications: 10 scientists 661–670 publications: 8 scientists 671–680 publications: 8 scientists 681–690 publications: 4 scientists 691–700 publications: 3 scientists 701–704 publications: 4 scientists 705+ publications: 100 scientists
31–40 publications 705+

This scientist: 160 publications — 54th percentile

54% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 705 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Psychology scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 11,416 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
31–40 6
41–50 52
51–60 138
61–70 299
71–80 461
81–90 605
91–100 713
101–110 736
111–120 686
121–130 670
131–140 644
141–150 597
151–160 576 160
161–170 477
171–180 450
181–190 397
191–200 343
201–210 328
211–220 313
221–230 283
231–240 226
241–250 196
251–260 201
261–270 171
271–280 151
281–290 139
291–300 113
301–310 102
311–320 100
321–330 76
331–340 92
341–350 85
351–360 69
361–370 71
371–380 63
381–390 58
391–400 57
401–410 43
411–420 33
421–430 50
431–440 41
441–450 32
451–460 27
461–470 28
471–480 25
481–490 28
491–500 20
501–510 23
511–520 26
521–530 17
531–540 21
541–550 14
551–560 16
561–570 10
571–580 22
581–590 9
591–600 14
601–610 9
611–620 11
621–630 4
631–640 7
641–650 5
651–660 10
661–670 8
671–680 8
681–690 4
691–700 3
701–704 4
705+ 100
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William K. Estes D-index placement in Psychology in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Psychology scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where William K. Estes sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
200 400 600
Bar chart with 58 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 30–31 to 144+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 702. Most scientists, 702, have 32–33 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 144 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 56–57 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 30–31 D-Index: 398 scientists 32–33 D-Index: 702 scientists 34–35 D-Index: 671 scientists 36–37 D-Index: 659 scientists 38–39 D-Index: 641 scientists 40–41 D-Index: 671 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 617 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 558 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 495 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 487 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 445 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 390 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 408 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 345 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 325 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 321 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 248 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 290 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 218 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 219 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 215 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 183 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 169 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 132 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 137 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 120 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 112 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 86 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 101 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 83 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 77 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 70 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 78 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 58 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 53 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 57 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 48 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 53 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 46 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 24 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 35 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 27 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 32 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 31 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 22 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 16 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 24 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 18 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 11 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 19 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 10 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 16 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 10 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 12 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 8 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 5 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 12 scientists 144+ D-Index: 98 scientists
30–31 D-Index 144+

This scientist: 57 D-Index — 66th percentile

66% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 144 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Psychology scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 11,416 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
30–31 398
32–33 702
34–35 671
36–37 659
38–39 641
40–41 671
42–43 617
44–45 558
46–47 495
48–49 487
50–51 445
52–53 390
54–55 408
56–57 345 57
58–59 325
60–61 321
62–63 248
64–65 290
66–67 218
68–69 219
70–71 215
72–73 183
74–75 169
76–77 132
78–79 137
80–81 120
82–83 112
84–85 86
86–87 101
88–89 83
90–91 77
92–93 70
94–95 78
96–97 58
98–99 53
100–101 57
102–103 48
104–105 53
106–107 46
108–109 24
110–111 35
112–113 27
114–115 32
116–117 31
118–119 22
120–121 16
122–123 24
124–125 18
126–127 11
128–129 19
130–131 10
132–133 16
134–135 10
136–137 12
138–139 8
140–141 5
142–143 12
144+ 98
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Research.com Recognitions

  • 1997 - US President's National Medal of Science "For his fundamental theories of learning, memory, and decision. His pioneering development and testing of mathematical models of psychological processes have set the standard for theoretical progress in behavioral and cognitive science.", Presented by President Bill Clinton at a ceremony in Room 450, Old Executive Office Building, on Tuesday, December 16, 1997.
  • 1990 - William James Fellow Award, Association for Psychological Science (APA)
  • 1985 - Fellow of John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
  • 1963 - Member of the National Academy of Sciences
  • 1962 - APA Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions to Psychology, American Psychological Association
  • 1956 - Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1933 - Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Overview

William K. Estes was affiliated with Harvard University in the United States. Their career encompassed significant contributions to the fields of psychology and cognitive science, particularly focusing on learning, memory, and decision processes.

Throughout their career, they were recognized with several awards and honors. These included the US President's National Medal of Science in 1997, awarded "for fundamental theories of learning, memory, and decision" and for pioneering mathematical models of psychological processes. This medal was presented by President Bill Clinton at a ceremony held in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building on December 16, 1997.

Additional honors received were the William James Fellow Award from the Association for Psychological Science in 1990, fellowship with the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation in 1985, and election as a Member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1963.

They also received the APA Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions to Psychology from the American Psychological Association in 1962. Their early recognition included being named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) twice, first in 1933 and later in 1956.

Best Publications

  • Some quantitative properties of anxiety

    W. K. Estes;B. F. Skinner

  • Toward a Statistical Theory of Learning.

    William K. Estes

  • Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression.

    Estes Wk

  • Classification and cognition

    William Kaye Estes

  • An experimental study of punishment.

    William K. Estes

  • Array models for category learning.

    William K. Estes

  • The cognitive side of probability learning.

    W. K. Estes

  • Stimulus Sampling Theory

    Richard C. Atkinson;William Kaye Estes

  • Learning theory and the new "mental chemistry".

    Estes Wk

  • Interactions of signal and background variables in visual processing

    W. K. Estes

  • Analysis of a verbal conditioning situation in terms of statistical learning theory

    W. K. Estes;J. H. Straughan

  • Statistical theory of distributional phenomena in learning.

    W. K. Estes

  • Item and order information in short-term memory: Evidence for multilevel perturbation processes.

    Catherine L. Lee;William K. Estes

  • Order and position in primary memory for letter strings

    Catherine L. Lee;William K. Estes

  • Discriminative conditioning. II. Effects of a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus upon a subsequently established operant response.

    William K. Estes

  • Intelligence and Learning

    Unknown

  • A theory of stimulus variability in learning.

    W. K. Estes;C. J. Burke

  • Effects of recall tests on long-term retention of paired associates

    Gordon A. Allen;William A. Mahler;W.K. Estes

  • Serial position functions for letter identification at brief and extended exposure durations

    W. K. Estes;D. H. Allmeyer;S. M. Reder

  • Base-rate effects in category learning: a comparison of parallel network and memory storage-retrieval models.

    William K. Estes;Jane A. Campbell;Nicholas Hatsopoulos;Joshua B. Hurwitz

  • Learning theory and mental development

    William Kaye Estes

  • Studies in Mathematical Learning Theory

    Robert R. Bush;William Kaye Estes;Norman Henry Anderson

Frequent Co-Authors

W. Todd Maddox
W. Todd Maddox The University of Texas at Austin
Patrick Suppes
Patrick Suppes Stanford University
Elizabeth Ligon Bjork
Elizabeth Ligon Bjork University of California, Los Angeles
B. F. Skinner
B. F. Skinner Harvard University
Paul E. Meehl
Paul E. Meehl University of Minnesota
Alice F. Healy
Alice F. Healy University of Colorado Boulder
Richard M. Shiffrin
Richard M. Shiffrin Indiana University
Richard C. Atkinson
Richard C. Atkinson University of California, San Diego
Charles E. Osgood
Charles E. Osgood University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Irving L. Janis
Irving L. Janis Yale University

External Links

Wikipedia of William K. Estes Personal website of William K. Estes

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Best Scientists Citing William K. Estes

Robert M. Nosofsky

Robert M. Nosofsky

Indiana University

Publications: 36

W. Todd Maddox

W. Todd Maddox

The University of Texas at Austin

Publications: 35

Michael J. Kahana

Michael J. Kahana

University of Pennsylvania

Publications: 35

F. Gregory Ashby

F. Gregory Ashby

University of California, Santa Barbara

Publications: 34

Mark E. Bouton

Mark E. Bouton

University of Vermont

Publications: 30

Alice F. Healy

Alice F. Healy

University of Colorado Boulder

Publications: 30

Patrick Suppes

Patrick Suppes

Stanford University

Publications: 29

Richard M. Shiffrin

Richard M. Shiffrin

Indiana University

Publications: 28

Richard C. Atkinson

Richard C. Atkinson

University of California, San Diego

Publications: 26

Joseph E. LeDoux

Joseph E. LeDoux

New York University

Publications: 25

Stephen Grossberg

Stephen Grossberg

Boston University

Publications: 24

James S. Nairne

James S. Nairne

Purdue University West Lafayette

Publications: 23

Charles J. Brainerd

Charles J. Brainerd

Cornell University

Publications: 22

Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml

Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml

University of Regensburg

Publications: 22

Robert A. Bjork

Robert A. Bjork

University of California, Los Angeles

Publications: 21

Bennet B. Murdock

Bennet B. Murdock

University of Toronto

Publications: 21

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