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Economics and Finance
USA
2026
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Political Science
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2026

D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Economics and Finance 105 77 67 63 54 471 45007
Political Science 106 4 3 3 2 545 46060

Todd Sandler publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Todd Sandler between 1971 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Todd Sandler published across 55 years, from 1971 to 2025, averaging 11.6 papers a year. Output peaked at 73 publications in 2013. 12 of the 639 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
20 40 60
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1971 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 73. Peak 73 publications in 2013. 1971: 1 publication 1972: 1 publication 1973: 3 publications 1974: 4 publications 1975: 4 publications 1976: 3 publications 1977: 4 publications 1978: 4 publications 1979: 0 publications 1980: 5 publications 1981: 6 publications 1982: 5 publications 1983: 3 publications 1984: 6 publications 1985: 6 publications 1986: 5 publications 1987: 5 publications 1988: 8 publications 1989: 4 publications 1990: 9 publications 1991: 8 publications 1992: 9 publications 1993: 9 publications 1994: 7 publications 1995: 10 publications 1996: 31 publications 1997: 21 publications 1998: 10 publications 1999: 28 publications 2000: 10 publications 2001: 27 publications 2002: 9 publications 2003: 18 publications 2004: 21 publications 2005: 28 publications 2006: 9 publications 2007: 14 publications 2008: 9 publications 2009: 18 publications 2010: 13 publications 2011: 24 publications 2012: 9 publications 2013: 73 publications 2014: 11 publications 2015: 21 publications 2016: 21 publications 2017: 12 publications 2018: 11 publications 2019: 10 publications 2020: 8 publications 2021: 10 publications 2022: 8 publications 2023: 14 publications 2024: 6 publications 2025: 6 publications
1971 2025

639 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Todd Sandler: publications per year, 1971 to 2025
Year Publications
1971 1
1972 1
1973 3
1974 4
1975 4
1976 3
1977 4
1978 4
1979 0
1980 5
1981 6
1982 5
1983 3
1984 6
1985 6
1986 5
1987 5
1988 8
1989 4
1990 9
1991 8
1992 9
1993 9
1994 7
1995 10
1996 31
1997 21
1998 10
1999 28
2000 10
2001 27
2002 9
2003 18
2004 21
2005 28
2006 9
2007 14
2008 9
2009 18
2010 13
2011 24
2012 9
2013 73
2014 11
2015 21
2016 21
2017 12
2018 11
2019 10
2020 8
2021 10
2022 8
2023 14
2024 6
2025 6
Total 639
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Todd Sandler publications per year - data summary

  • Todd Sandler, a Political Science scholar from The University of Texas at Dallas, has 639 publications recorded across 55 years, from 1971 to 2025.
  • The oldest publication on record dates to 1971 and the most recent to 2025.
  • The most productive year is 2013, with 73 publications.
  • The least productive years with any output are 1971 and 1972, with 1 publication each.
  • 1 of the 55 years in the span carries no publications at all (1979).
  • The rate of publication averages 11.6 papers per year over the whole span, or 11.8 per year counting only the 54 years with at least one publication.
  • The last 5 years on the chart (2021-2025) hold 44 publications, 7% of the career total.
  • Split into equal eras - 1971-1989: 77 publications (4.1 per year); 1990-2008: 287 publications (15.1 per year); 2009-2025: 275 publications (16.2 per year).
  • Comparing the opening and closing eras, the overall trend of publication is rising.

Todd Sandler publication distribution in Political Science in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Political Science in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Todd Sandler sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
20 40 60 80
Bar chart with 61 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 36–40 to 333+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 97. Most scientists, 97, have 333+ publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 333 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 333+ publications, is where this scientist sits. 36–40 publications: 10 scientists 41–45 publications: 11 scientists 46–50 publications: 25 scientists 51–55 publications: 27 scientists 56–60 publications: 44 scientists 61–65 publications: 52 scientists 66–70 publications: 62 scientists 71–75 publications: 62 scientists 76–80 publications: 79 scientists 81–85 publications: 71 scientists 86–90 publications: 82 scientists 91–95 publications: 65 scientists 96–100 publications: 85 scientists 101–105 publications: 76 scientists 106–110 publications: 66 scientists 111–115 publications: 78 scientists 116–120 publications: 67 scientists 121–125 publications: 73 scientists 126–130 publications: 73 scientists 131–135 publications: 64 scientists 136–140 publications: 45 scientists 141–145 publications: 53 scientists 146–150 publications: 44 scientists 151–155 publications: 45 scientists 156–160 publications: 33 scientists 161–165 publications: 32 scientists 166–170 publications: 28 scientists 171–175 publications: 31 scientists 176–180 publications: 29 scientists 181–185 publications: 27 scientists 186–190 publications: 36 scientists 191–195 publications: 27 scientists 196–200 publications: 24 scientists 201–205 publications: 16 scientists 206–210 publications: 16 scientists 211–215 publications: 19 scientists 216–220 publications: 16 scientists 221–225 publications: 17 scientists 226–230 publications: 18 scientists 231–235 publications: 23 scientists 236–240 publications: 17 scientists 241–245 publications: 13 scientists 246–250 publications: 17 scientists 251–255 publications: 9 scientists 256–260 publications: 13 scientists 261–265 publications: 8 scientists 266–270 publications: 12 scientists 271–275 publications: 8 scientists 276–280 publications: 10 scientists 281–285 publications: 13 scientists 286–290 publications: 13 scientists 291–295 publications: 5 scientists 296–300 publications: 6 scientists 301–305 publications: 11 scientists 306–310 publications: 9 scientists 311–315 publications: 6 scientists 316–320 publications: 4 scientists 321–325 publications: 4 scientists 326–330 publications: 2 scientists 331–332 publications: 5 scientists 333+ publications: 97 scientists
36–40 publications 333+

This scientist: 545 publications — 99th percentile

99% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 333 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Political Science scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 2,033 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
36–40 10
41–45 11
46–50 25
51–55 27
56–60 44
61–65 52
66–70 62
71–75 62
76–80 79
81–85 71
86–90 82
91–95 65
96–100 85
101–105 76
106–110 66
111–115 78
116–120 67
121–125 73
126–130 73
131–135 64
136–140 45
141–145 53
146–150 44
151–155 45
156–160 33
161–165 32
166–170 28
171–175 31
176–180 29
181–185 27
186–190 36
191–195 27
196–200 24
201–205 16
206–210 16
211–215 19
216–220 16
221–225 17
226–230 18
231–235 23
236–240 17
241–245 13
246–250 17
251–255 9
256–260 13
261–265 8
266–270 12
271–275 8
276–280 10
281–285 13
286–290 13
291–295 5
296–300 6
301–305 11
306–310 9
311–315 6
316–320 4
321–325 4
326–330 2
331–332 5
333+ 97 545
Download as CSV

Todd Sandler publication distribution in Political Science in 2026 - data summary

  • The chart plots the publication count of all 2,033 Political Science scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026, grouped into 61 ranges running from 36–40 to 333+ publications.
  • Todd Sandler, a Political Science scholar from The University of Texas at Dallas, records 545 publications - the 99th percentile of the discipline.
  • 99% of ranked Political Science scientists score the same or lower than Todd Sandler, and about 1% score higher.
  • The median of the discipline falls in the 121–125 publications range, and Todd Sandler ranks above the median.
  • The most crowded range is 333+ publications, holding 97 scientists (5% of the field).
  • 44% of the field sits in the lowest quarter of the value range (up to 111–115 publications), so the distribution leans towards the lower end of the scale.
  • The final bar has no upper bound: it groups every scientist with 333 publications or more, 97 scientists in all (5% of the field).

Todd Sandler D-index placement in Political Science in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Political Science scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Todd Sandler sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
25 50 75 100
Bar chart with 43 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 20 to 62+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 100. Most scientists, 100, have 62+ D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 62 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 62+ D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 20 D-Index: 76 scientists 21 D-Index: 79 scientists 22 D-Index: 84 scientists 23 D-Index: 68 scientists 24 D-Index: 88 scientists 25 D-Index: 82 scientists 26 D-Index: 76 scientists 27 D-Index: 75 scientists 28 D-Index: 99 scientists 29 D-Index: 96 scientists 30 D-Index: 96 scientists 31 D-Index: 81 scientists 32 D-Index: 86 scientists 33 D-Index: 81 scientists 34 D-Index: 84 scientists 35 D-Index: 72 scientists 36 D-Index: 58 scientists 37 D-Index: 53 scientists 38 D-Index: 48 scientists 39 D-Index: 40 scientists 40 D-Index: 40 scientists 41 D-Index: 32 scientists 42 D-Index: 26 scientists 43 D-Index: 25 scientists 44 D-Index: 33 scientists 45 D-Index: 33 scientists 46 D-Index: 17 scientists 47 D-Index: 21 scientists 48 D-Index: 22 scientists 49 D-Index: 18 scientists 50 D-Index: 19 scientists 51 D-Index: 19 scientists 52 D-Index: 15 scientists 53 D-Index: 14 scientists 54 D-Index: 10 scientists 55 D-Index: 13 scientists 56 D-Index: 9 scientists 57 D-Index: 11 scientists 58 D-Index: 12 scientists 59 D-Index: 10 scientists 60 D-Index: 5 scientists 61 D-Index: 7 scientists 62+ D-Index: 100 scientists
20 D-Index 62+

This scientist: 106 D-Index — 100th percentile

100% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 62 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Political Science scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 2,033 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
20 76
21 79
22 84
23 68
24 88
25 82
26 76
27 75
28 99
29 96
30 96
31 81
32 86
33 81
34 84
35 72
36 58
37 53
38 48
39 40
40 40
41 32
42 26
43 25
44 33
45 33
46 17
47 21
48 22
49 18
50 19
51 19
52 15
53 14
54 10
55 13
56 9
57 11
58 12
59 10
60 5
61 7
62+ 100 106
Download as CSV

Todd Sandler D-index placement in Political Science in 2026 - data summary

  • The chart plots the discipline H-index (D-index) of all 2,033 Political Science scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026, grouped into 43 ranges running from 20 to 62+ D-Index.
  • Todd Sandler, a Political Science scholar from The University of Texas at Dallas, records 106 D-Index - the 100th percentile of the discipline.
  • 100% of ranked Political Science scientists score the same or lower than Todd Sandler, and about 0% score higher.
  • The median of the discipline falls in the 32 D-Index range, and Todd Sandler ranks above the median.
  • The most crowded range is 62+ D-Index, holding 100 scientists (5% of the field).
  • 45% of the field sits in the lowest quarter of the value range (up to 30 D-Index), so the distribution leans towards the lower end of the scale.
  • The final bar has no upper bound: it groups every scientist with 62 D-Index or more, 100 scientists in all (5% of the field).

Research.com Recognitions

  • 2026 - Research.com Economics and Finance in United States Leader Award
  • 2026 - Research.com Political Science in United States Leader Award
  • 2025 - Research.com Economics and Finance in United States Leader Award
  • 2025 - Research.com Political Science in United States Leader Award
  • 2024 - Research.com Economics and Finance in United States Leader Award
  • 2023 - Research.com Political Science in United States Leader Award
  • 2022 - Research.com Law and Political Science in United States Leader Award

Overview

Todd Sandler is affiliated with The University of Texas at Dallas in the United States. Their research spans social sciences and economics, econometrics, and finance, with a notable focus on political conflict, governance, terrorism, and security-related topics.

Their recent papers demonstrate engagement with contemporary issues in economic and political analysis. Selected publications include:

  • Global Public Goods: A Survey, 2021, Journal of Economic Literature
  • NATO defense demand, free riding, and the Russo-Ukrainian war in 2022, 2022, Journal of Industrial and Business Economics
  • Middle East and North Africa: Terrorism and Conflicts, 2020, Global Policy
  • Common myths of terrorism, 2022, Journal of Economic Surveys
  • EU Demand for Defense, 1990-2019: A Strategic Spatial Approach, 2021, Games

The frequent co-authors working alongside Sandler include Wukki Kim, Khusrav Gaibulloev, Justin George, Subhayu Bandyopadhyay, and Hirofumi Shimizu. These collaborations indicate a strong network in areas related to defense economics, political violence, and strategic studies.

Sandler's publications appear frequently in venues such as Defence and Peace Economics, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Kyklos, European Journal of Political Economy, and Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. This distribution reflects a concentration on interdisciplinary research connecting economics with political science and international relations.

Their main fields of study encompass Social Sciences with 73 publications and Economics, Econometrics and Finance with 26 publications. Within these broad categories, Sandler's subfields involve Sociology and Political Science, Economics and Econometrics, Political Science and International Relations, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, and General Health Professions.

The core topics addressed by Sandler include:

  • Political Conflict and Governance
  • Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
  • Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
  • Defense, Military, and Policy Studies
  • Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
  • Global trade and economics
  • Peacebuilding and International Security

Best Publications

  • The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods, and Club Goods

    Richard Cornes;Todd Sandler

  • The Political Economy of Terrorism

    Walter Enders;Todd Sandler

  • Collective Action: Theory and Applications

    Todd Sandler

  • Research on Internal Migration in the United States: A Survey

    Michael J. Greenwood;Paul L. Burgess;James A. Chalmers;Todd Sandler

  • The Political Economy of Terrorism

    Walter Enders;Todd Sandler

  • The Economics of Defense

    Todd Sandler;Keith Hartley

  • The Effectiveness of Antiterrorism Policies: A Vector-Autoregression-Intervention Analysis

    Walter Enders;Todd Sandler

  • EASY RIDERS, JOINT PRODUCTION, AND PUBLIC GOODS*

    Richard Cornes;Todd Sandler

  • An economic perspective on transnational terrorism

    Todd Sandler;Walter Enders

  • The Economic Theory of Clubs: An Evaluative Survey

    Todd Sandler;John T Tschirhart

  • Global Collective Action

    Todd Sandler

  • To Bargain or Not to Bargain: That is the Question

    Harvey Lapan;Todd Sandler

  • Global Challenges: An Approach to Environmental, Political, and Economic Problems

    Todd Sandler

  • An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Terrorism on Tourism

    Walter Enders;Todd Sandler;Gerald F. Parise

  • Economic Growth, Civil Wars, and Spatial Spillovers:

    James C. Murdoch;Todd Sandler

  • Domestic versus transnational terrorism: Data, decomposition, and dynamics

    Walter Enders;Todd Sandler;Khusrav Gaibulloev

  • The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods, and Club Goods

    Richard Cornes;Todd Sandler

  • Terrorism and foreign direct investment in spain and greece

    Walter Enders;Todd Sandler

  • Causality between transnational terrorism and tourism: The case of Spain

    Walter Enders;Todd Sandler

  • A Theoretical Analysis of Transnational Terrorism

    Todd Sandler;John T. Tschirhart;Jon Cauley

  • Economics of Alliances: The Lessons for Collective Action

    Todd Sandler;Keith Hartley

  • Is Transnational Terrorism Becoming More Threatening? A Time-Series Investigation

    Walter Enders;Todd Sandler

  • The theory of externalities, public goods and club goods. 2nd. ed.

    Richard Cornes;Todd Sandler

  • Economic consequences of terrorism in developed and developing countries: An overview

    Todd Sandler;Walter Enders

  • Patterns of Transnational Terrorism, 1970–1999: Alternative Time-Series Estimates

    Walter Enders;Todd Sandler

  • Civil Wars and Economic Growth: Spatial Dispersion

    James C. Murdoch;Todd Sandler

  • Counterterrorism A Game-Theoretic Analysis

    G M Daniel Arce;Todd Sandler

  • The Future of Development Assistance: Common Pools and International Public Goods

    Ravi Kanbur;Todd Sandler;Kevin M Morrison

  • On the Economic Theory of Alliances

    Todd Sandler;Jon Cauley

Frequent Co-Authors

Walter Enders
Walter Enders University of Alabama
Richard Cornes
Richard Cornes Australian National University
James C. Murdoch
James C. Murdoch The University of Texas at Dallas
John Tschirhart
John Tschirhart University of Wyoming
Harvey E. Lapan
Harvey E. Lapan Iowa State University
B. Peter Rosendorff
B. Peter Rosendorff New York University
Wallace E. Huffman
Wallace E. Huffman Iowa State University
Ravi Kanbur
Ravi Kanbur Cornell University
William D. Schulze
William D. Schulze Cornell University
Anthony J. Culyer
Anthony J. Culyer University of York

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