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D-Index & Metrics

Discipline name D-Index World Ranking Current World Ranking National Ranking Current National Ranking Publications Citations
Electronics and Electrical Engineering 91 284 277 139 132 608 44847

Billie F. Spencer publications per year

The chart shows the history of publications by Billie F. Spencer between 1983 and 2025, highlighting the no. of papers published in each year and offering an overview of the publication velocity of this scholar. Billie F. Spencer published across 43 years, from 1983 to 2025, averaging 16.4 papers a year. Output peaked at 48 publications in 2019. 27 of the 704 publications appeared in the last two years.

No. of publications
10 20 30 40
Bar chart. Horizontal axis: year, 1983 to 2025. Vertical axis: number of publications, 0 to 48. Peak 48 publications in 2019. 1983: 1 publication 1984: 1 publication 1985: 4 publications 1986: 6 publications 1987: 3 publications 1988: 6 publications 1989: 8 publications 1990: 7 publications 1991: 0 publications 1992: 13 publications 1993: 6 publications 1994: 10 publications 1995: 13 publications 1996: 22 publications 1997: 9 publications 1998: 5 publications 1999: 7 publications 2000: 8 publications 2001: 7 publications 2002: 18 publications 2003: 13 publications 2004: 20 publications 2005: 11 publications 2006: 21 publications 2007: 13 publications 2008: 24 publications 2009: 23 publications 2010: 28 publications 2011: 24 publications 2012: 25 publications 2013: 31 publications 2014: 26 publications 2015: 26 publications 2016: 28 publications 2017: 20 publications 2018: 33 publications 2019: 48 publications 2020: 26 publications 2021: 34 publications 2022: 28 publications 2023: 21 publications 2024: 13 publications 2025: 14 publications
1983 2025

704 publications in total across all disciplines

View publications per year as a table
Billie F. Spencer: publications per year, 1983 to 2025
Year Publications
1983 1
1984 1
1985 4
1986 6
1987 3
1988 6
1989 8
1990 7
1991 0
1992 13
1993 6
1994 10
1995 13
1996 22
1997 9
1998 5
1999 7
2000 8
2001 7
2002 18
2003 13
2004 20
2005 11
2006 21
2007 13
2008 24
2009 23
2010 28
2011 24
2012 25
2013 31
2014 26
2015 26
2016 28
2017 20
2018 33
2019 48
2020 26
2021 34
2022 28
2023 21
2024 13
2025 14
Total 704
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Billie F. Spencer publication distribution in Electronics and Electrical Engineering in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Electronics and Electrical Engineering in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Billie F. Spencer sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
100 200 300 400
Bar chart with 53 bars. Horizontal axis: publications, 34–53 to 1,065+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 445. Most scientists, 445, have 174–193 publications. The last bar groups every scientist with 1,065 publications or more. The highlighted bar, 594–613 publications, is where this scientist sits. 34–53 publications: 24 scientists 54–73 publications: 52 scientists 74–93 publications: 114 scientists 94–113 publications: 203 scientists 114–133 publications: 269 scientists 134–153 publications: 355 scientists 154–173 publications: 403 scientists 174–193 publications: 445 scientists 194–213 publications: 430 scientists 214–233 publications: 431 scientists 234–253 publications: 399 scientists 254–273 publications: 366 scientists 274–293 publications: 335 scientists 294–313 publications: 300 scientists 314–333 publications: 276 scientists 334–353 publications: 250 scientists 354–373 publications: 214 scientists 374–393 publications: 187 scientists 394–413 publications: 152 scientists 414–433 publications: 169 scientists 434–453 publications: 147 scientists 454–473 publications: 111 scientists 474–493 publications: 117 scientists 494–513 publications: 103 scientists 514–533 publications: 99 scientists 534–553 publications: 92 scientists 554–573 publications: 75 scientists 574–593 publications: 58 scientists 594–613 publications: 69 scientists 614–633 publications: 50 scientists 634–653 publications: 62 scientists 654–673 publications: 54 scientists 674–693 publications: 44 scientists 694–713 publications: 37 scientists 714–733 publications: 28 scientists 734–753 publications: 26 scientists 754–773 publications: 26 scientists 774–793 publications: 19 scientists 794–813 publications: 23 scientists 814–833 publications: 20 scientists 834–853 publications: 16 scientists 854–873 publications: 20 scientists 874–893 publications: 11 scientists 894–913 publications: 11 scientists 914–933 publications: 16 scientists 934–953 publications: 13 scientists 954–973 publications: 10 scientists 974–993 publications: 11 scientists 994–1,013 publications: 9 scientists 1,014–1,033 publications: 9 scientists 1,034–1,053 publications: 10 scientists 1,054–1,064 publications: 6 scientists 1,065+ publications: 99 scientists
34–53 publications 1,065+

This scientist: 608 publications — 91st percentile

91% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 1,065 publications or more.

View publications distribution as a table
Number of Electronics and Electrical Engineering scientists by publication count, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 6,875 ranked scientists.
Publications Scientists This scientist
34–53 24
54–73 52
74–93 114
94–113 203
114–133 269
134–153 355
154–173 403
174–193 445
194–213 430
214–233 431
234–253 399
254–273 366
274–293 335
294–313 300
314–333 276
334–353 250
354–373 214
374–393 187
394–413 152
414–433 169
434–453 147
454–473 111
474–493 117
494–513 103
514–533 99
534–553 92
554–573 75
574–593 58
594–613 69 608
614–633 50
634–653 62
654–673 54
674–693 44
694–713 37
714–733 28
734–753 26
754–773 26
774–793 19
794–813 23
814–833 20
834–853 16
854–873 20
874–893 11
894–913 11
914–933 16
934–953 13
954–973 10
974–993 11
994–1,013 9
1,014–1,033 9
1,034–1,053 10
1,054–1,064 6
1,065+ 99
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Billie F. Spencer D-index placement in Electronics and Electrical Engineering in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Electronics and Electrical Engineering scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Billie F. Spencer sits on this spectrum.

No. of scientists
50 100 150 200 250
Bar chart with 82 bars. Horizontal axis: D-Index, 30 to 111+. Vertical axis: number of scientists, 0 to 263. Most scientists, 263, have 32 D-Index. The last bar groups every scientist with 111 D-Index or more. The highlighted bar, 91 D-Index, is where this scientist sits. 30 D-Index: 178 scientists 31 D-Index: 257 scientists 32 D-Index: 263 scientists 33 D-Index: 262 scientists 34 D-Index: 244 scientists 35 D-Index: 236 scientists 36 D-Index: 211 scientists 37 D-Index: 220 scientists 38 D-Index: 214 scientists 39 D-Index: 214 scientists 40 D-Index: 205 scientists 41 D-Index: 187 scientists 42 D-Index: 194 scientists 43 D-Index: 201 scientists 44 D-Index: 155 scientists 45 D-Index: 189 scientists 46 D-Index: 148 scientists 47 D-Index: 160 scientists 48 D-Index: 134 scientists 49 D-Index: 130 scientists 50 D-Index: 141 scientists 51 D-Index: 156 scientists 52 D-Index: 108 scientists 53 D-Index: 130 scientists 54 D-Index: 112 scientists 55 D-Index: 97 scientists 56 D-Index: 111 scientists 57 D-Index: 102 scientists 58 D-Index: 108 scientists 59 D-Index: 120 scientists 60 D-Index: 103 scientists 61 D-Index: 93 scientists 62 D-Index: 92 scientists 63 D-Index: 74 scientists 64 D-Index: 77 scientists 65 D-Index: 73 scientists 66 D-Index: 64 scientists 67 D-Index: 69 scientists 68 D-Index: 60 scientists 69 D-Index: 39 scientists 70 D-Index: 57 scientists 71 D-Index: 59 scientists 72 D-Index: 46 scientists 73 D-Index: 49 scientists 74 D-Index: 38 scientists 75 D-Index: 35 scientists 76 D-Index: 32 scientists 77 D-Index: 35 scientists 78 D-Index: 31 scientists 79 D-Index: 22 scientists 80 D-Index: 34 scientists 81 D-Index: 31 scientists 82 D-Index: 34 scientists 83 D-Index: 23 scientists 84 D-Index: 18 scientists 85 D-Index: 30 scientists 86 D-Index: 19 scientists 87 D-Index: 19 scientists 88 D-Index: 20 scientists 89 D-Index: 8 scientists 90 D-Index: 17 scientists 91 D-Index: 7 scientists 92 D-Index: 14 scientists 93 D-Index: 9 scientists 94 D-Index: 15 scientists 95 D-Index: 10 scientists 96 D-Index: 12 scientists 97 D-Index: 10 scientists 98 D-Index: 10 scientists 99 D-Index: 12 scientists 100 D-Index: 16 scientists 101 D-Index: 5 scientists 102 D-Index: 7 scientists 103 D-Index: 7 scientists 104 D-Index: 8 scientists 105 D-Index: 9 scientists 106 D-Index: 13 scientists 107 D-Index: 4 scientists 108 D-Index: 5 scientists 109 D-Index: 10 scientists 110 D-Index: 8 scientists 111+ D-Index: 96 scientists
30 D-Index 111+

This scientist: 91 D-Index — 96th percentile

96% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 111 D-Index or more.

View D-Index distribution as a table
Number of Electronics and Electrical Engineering scientists by D-index, Research.com 2026 ranking edition. Based on 6,875 ranked scientists.
D-Index Scientists This scientist
30 178
31 257
32 263
33 262
34 244
35 236
36 211
37 220
38 214
39 214
40 205
41 187
42 194
43 201
44 155
45 189
46 148
47 160
48 134
49 130
50 141
51 156
52 108
53 130
54 112
55 97
56 111
57 102
58 108
59 120
60 103
61 93
62 92
63 74
64 77
65 73
66 64
67 69
68 60
69 39
70 57
71 59
72 46
73 49
74 38
75 35
76 32
77 35
78 31
79 22
80 34
81 31
82 34
83 23
84 18
85 30
86 19
87 19
88 20
89 8
90 17
91 7 91
92 14
93 9
94 15
95 10
96 12
97 10
98 10
99 12
100 16
101 5
102 7
103 7
104 8
105 9
106 13
107 4
108 5
109 10
110 8
111+ 96
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Research.com Recognitions

  • 1992 - Fellow of the American Statistical Association (ASA)

Overview

Billie F. Spencer is affiliated with the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in the United States. Their research is primarily situated in the field of engineering, with a focus on civil and structural engineering. They have contributed extensively to various subfields including mechanical engineering, geology, mechanics of materials, and ocean engineering.

The main topics covered by Spencer's work include:

  • Structural Health Monitoring Techniques
  • Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring
  • 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
  • Concrete Corrosion and Durability
  • Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis
  • Seismic Performance and Analysis
  • Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids

Spencer has authored numerous papers published in journals and venues that frequently feature their work. The most common publication venues include:

  • Engineering Structures
  • Structural Health Monitoring
  • Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
  • Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
  • Sensors

Some notable recent papers authored or co-authored by Spencer are:

  • Toward data anomaly detection for automated structural health monitoring: Exploiting generative adversarial nets and autoencoders, 2020, Structural Health Monitoring
  • MaDnet: multi-task semantic segmentation of multiple types of structural materials and damage in images of civil infrastructure, 2020, Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
  • Homography-based structural displacement measurement for large structures using unmanned aerial vehicles, 2020, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering
  • Synthetic environments for vision-based structural condition assessment of Japanese high-speed railway viaducts, 2021, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
  • Post-Earthquake Building Evaluation Using UAVs: A BIM-Based Digital Twin Framework, 2022, Sensors

Frequent collaborators with whom Spencer has worked include Yasutaka Narazaki, Vedhus Hoskere, Hai Liu, Fernando Gómez, and Amirali Najafi. These co-authors have contributed to several projects and publications alongside Spencer, highlighting a collaborative research environment.

Spencer's contributions have been recognized with professional distinctions, including being named a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1992. This award reflects Spencer's involvement in the broader scientific and statistical communities as part of their interdisciplinary approach to engineering challenges.

Best Publications

  • PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL FOR MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPERS

    B. F. Spencer;S. J. Dyke;M. K. Sain;J. D. Carlson

  • STRUCTURAL CONTROL: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

    G. W. Housner;L. A. Bergman;T. K. Caughey;A. G. Chassiakos

  • Modeling and Control of Magnetorheological Dampers for Seismic Response Reduction

    S J Dyke;B F Spencer;M K Sain;J D Carlson

  • STATE OF THE ART OF STRUCTURAL CONTROL

    B. F. Spencer;S. Nagarajaiah

  • Supplemental energy dissipation: state-of-the-art and state-of-the- practice

    T.T. Soong;B.F. Spencer

  • Large-scale MR fluid dampers: modeling and dynamic performance considerations

    G. Yang;B.F. Spencer;J.D. Carlson;M.K. Sain

  • Advances in Computer Vision-Based Civil Infrastructure Inspection and Monitoring

    Billie F. Spencer;Vedhus Hoskere;Yasutaka Narazaki

  • Benchmark Control Problems for Seismically Excited Nonlinear Buildings

    Y. Ohtori;R. E. Christenson;B. F. Spencer;S. J. Dyke

  • Active Structural Control: Theory and Practice

    T. T. Soong;B. F. Spencer

  • An experimental study of MR dampers for seismic protection

    S J Dyke;B F Spencer;M K Sain;J D Carlson

  • Smart sensing technology: opportunities and challenges

    B. F. Spencer;Manuel E. Ruiz-Sandoval;Narito Kurata

  • Phenomenological Model of a Magnetorheological Damper

    B. F. Spencer;S. J. Dyke;M. K. Sain;J. D. Carlson

  • Structural health monitoring of a cable-stayed bridge using smart sensor technology: deployment and evaluation

    Shinae Jang;Hongki Jo;Soojin Cho;Kirill Mechitov

  • Role of Control-Structure Interaction in Protective System Design

    S. J. Dyke;B. F. Spencer;P. Quast;M. K. Sain

  • Benchmark problems in structural control: part I—Active Mass Driver system

    B. F. Spencer;S. J. Dyke;H. S. Deoskar

  • On the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation for nonlinear stochastic systems

    B. F. Spencer;L. A. Bergman

  • Seismic Response Reduction Using Magnetorheological Dampers

    S.J. Dyke;B.F. Spencer;M.K. Sain;J.D. Carlson

  • Dynamic Modeling of Large-Scale Magnetorheological Damper Systems for Civil Engineering Applications

    Guangqiang Yang;Billie F. Spencer;Hyung Jo Jung;J. David Carlson

  • Flexible smart sensor framework for autonomous structural health monitoring

    Jennifer A. Rice;Kirill Mechitov;Sung Han Sim;Tomonori Nagayama

  • Target-free approach for vision-based structural system identification using consumer-grade cameras

    Hyungchul Yoon;Hazem Elanwar;Hazem Elanwar;Hajin Choi;Mani Golparvar-Fard

  • Frequency domain optimal control strategies for aseismic protection

    B. F. Spencer;J. Suhardjo;M. K. Sain

Frequent Co-Authors

Michael K. Sain
Michael K. Sain University of Notre Dame
Lawrence A. Bergman
Lawrence A. Bergman University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Shirley J. Dyke
Shirley J. Dyke Purdue University West Lafayette
Hyung-Jo Jung
Hyung-Jo Jung Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
Amr S. Elnashai
Amr S. Elnashai University of Houston
Tomonori Nagayama
Tomonori Nagayama University of Tokyo
Gul Agha
Gul Agha University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Alexander F. Vakakis
Alexander F. Vakakis University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Yozo Fujino
Yozo Fujino Yokohama National University
Chung Bang Yun
Chung Bang Yun Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

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