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William H. Armstrong

D-Index & Metrics

Chemistry

D-Index
48
Citations
7413
World Ranking
15341
National Ranking
3883

William H. Armstrong publication distribution in Chemistry in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Chemistry in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where William H. Armstrong sits on this spectrum.

61–80 publications: 66 scientists 81–100 publications: 302 scientists 101–120 publications: 623 scientists 121–140 publications: 918 scientists 141–160 publications: 1,218 scientists 161–180 publications: 1,350 scientists 181–200 publications: 1,344 scientists 201–220 publications: 1,281 scientists 221–240 publications: 1,216 scientists 241–260 publications: 1,100 scientists 261–280 publications: 979 scientists 281–300 publications: 939 scientists 301–320 publications: 764 scientists 321–340 publications: 643 scientists 341–360 publications: 628 scientists 361–380 publications: 522 scientists 381–400 publications: 459 scientists 401–420 publications: 397 scientists 421–440 publications: 327 scientists 441–460 publications: 270 scientists 461–480 publications: 265 scientists 481–500 publications: 252 scientists 501–520 publications: 201 scientists 521–540 publications: 185 scientists 541–560 publications: 148 scientists 561–580 publications: 148 scientists 581–600 publications: 132 scientists 601–620 publications: 114 scientists 621–640 publications: 104 scientists 641–660 publications: 91 scientists 661–680 publications: 92 scientists 681–700 publications: 73 scientists 701–720 publications: 57 scientists 721–740 publications: 54 scientists 741–760 publications: 67 scientists 761–780 publications: 45 scientists 781–800 publications: 46 scientists 801–820 publications: 39 scientists 821–840 publications: 32 scientists 841–860 publications: 36 scientists 861–880 publications: 29 scientists 881–900 publications: 26 scientists 901–920 publications: 24 scientists 921–940 publications: 14 scientists 941–960 publications: 23 scientists 961–980 publications: 28 scientists 981–1,000 publications: 15 scientists 1,001–1,020 publications: 29 scientists 1,021–1,040 publications: 12 scientists 1,041–1,060 publications: 19 scientists 1,061–1,080 publications: 12 scientists 1,081–1,100 publications: 6 scientists 1,101–1,120 publications: 8 scientists 1,121–1,140 publications: 12 scientists 1,141–1,160 publications: 5 scientists 1,161–1,180 publications: 6 scientists 1,181–1,200 publications: 14 scientists 1,201–1,220 publications: 7 scientists 1,221–1,240 publications: 2 scientists 1,241–1,260 publications: 6 scientists 1,261–1,280 publications: 4 scientists 1,281–1,294 publications: 6 scientists 1,295+ publications: 100 scientists
61 publications 1,295+

This scientist: 112 publications — 4th percentile

4% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 1,295 publications or more.

William H. Armstrong D-index placement in Chemistry in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Chemistry scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where William H. Armstrong sits on this spectrum.

40–41 D-Index: 289 scientists 42–43 D-Index: 612 scientists 44–45 D-Index: 808 scientists 46–47 D-Index: 776 scientists 48–49 D-Index: 835 scientists 50–51 D-Index: 861 scientists 52–53 D-Index: 872 scientists 54–55 D-Index: 933 scientists 56–57 D-Index: 1,051 scientists 58–59 D-Index: 930 scientists 60–61 D-Index: 882 scientists 62–63 D-Index: 834 scientists 64–65 D-Index: 731 scientists 66–67 D-Index: 775 scientists 68–69 D-Index: 683 scientists 70–71 D-Index: 646 scientists 72–73 D-Index: 561 scientists 74–75 D-Index: 501 scientists 76–77 D-Index: 437 scientists 78–79 D-Index: 388 scientists 80–81 D-Index: 354 scientists 82–83 D-Index: 292 scientists 84–85 D-Index: 275 scientists 86–87 D-Index: 254 scientists 88–89 D-Index: 235 scientists 90–91 D-Index: 185 scientists 92–93 D-Index: 192 scientists 94–95 D-Index: 155 scientists 96–97 D-Index: 163 scientists 98–99 D-Index: 125 scientists 100–101 D-Index: 105 scientists 102–103 D-Index: 105 scientists 104–105 D-Index: 112 scientists 106–107 D-Index: 88 scientists 108–109 D-Index: 68 scientists 110–111 D-Index: 69 scientists 112–113 D-Index: 65 scientists 114–115 D-Index: 79 scientists 116–117 D-Index: 61 scientists 118–119 D-Index: 44 scientists 120–121 D-Index: 37 scientists 122–123 D-Index: 40 scientists 124–125 D-Index: 33 scientists 126–127 D-Index: 26 scientists 128–129 D-Index: 34 scientists 130–131 D-Index: 35 scientists 132–133 D-Index: 25 scientists 134–135 D-Index: 27 scientists 136–137 D-Index: 17 scientists 138–139 D-Index: 16 scientists 140–141 D-Index: 20 scientists 142–143 D-Index: 20 scientists 144–145 D-Index: 15 scientists 146–147 D-Index: 9 scientists 148–149 D-Index: 9 scientists 150–151 D-Index: 16 scientists 152–153 D-Index: 11 scientists 154–155 D-Index: 9 scientists 156–157 D-Index: 3 scientists 158 D-Index: 3 scientists 159+ D-Index: 98 scientists
40 D-Index 159+

This scientist: 48 D-Index — 16th percentile

16% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 159 D-Index or more.

Research.com Recognitions

  • 1990 - Fellow of Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
  • 1969 - Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada

Overview

William H. Armstrong is affiliated with Appalachian State University in the United States. Their research primarily focuses on multidisciplinary areas involving materials science, biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, and chemistry.

The main fields of study covered by Armstrong include:

  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Chemistry

The subfields of study within these main disciplines encompass:

  • Materials Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
  • Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

Armstrong's work addresses several key scientific topics, including:

  • Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
  • Crystallization and Solubility Studies
  • X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
  • Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
  • Photoreceptor and Optogenetics Research
  • Vanadium and Halogenation Chemistry
  • Metal Complexes Synthesis and Properties

The scientist has contributed to several recent publications demonstrating a focus on photosystem II and photosynthetic complexes. Notable papers include:

  • "High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of photosystem II from the mesophilic cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803" (2021), published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • "Structure of a monomeric photosystem II core complex from a cyanobacterium acclimated to far-red light reveals the functions of chlorophylls d and f" (2021), published in Journal of Biological Chemistry
  • "Do crystallographic XFEL data support binding of a water molecule to the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II exposed to two flashes of light?" (2021), published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • "Heterogeneous Composition of Oxygen-Evolving Complexes in Crystal Structures of Dark-Adapted Photosystem II" (2021), published in Biochemistry
  • "Richard Hadley Holm: A Remembrance and A Tribute" (2021), published in Comments on Inorganic Chemistry

Armstrong frequently publishes in several venues, including:

  • The Cambridge Structural Database
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • Journal of Biological Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Comments on Inorganic Chemistry

Collaborations are a significant aspect of Armstrong's research activities. Frequent co-authors include:

  • Peter J. Bonitatebus
  • Jimin Wang
  • Christopher J. Gisriel
  • Víctor S. Batista
  • Gary W. Brudvig

William H. Armstrong has received recognitions including being named Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1969 and Fellow of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation in 1990.

Best Publications

  • Manganese clusters with relevance to photosystem II.

    Sumitra Mukhopadhyay;Sanjay K. Mandal;Sumit Bhaduri;William H. Armstrong

  • 55Mn ENDOR of the S2-State Multiline EPR Signal of Photosystem II: Implications on the Structure of the Tetranuclear Mn Cluster

    Jeffery M Peloquin;Kristy A Campbell;David W. Randall;Mark A Evanchik

  • Assembly and characterization of an accurate model for the diiron center in hemerythrin

    William H. Armstrong;Alan Spool;Georgia C. Papaefthymiou;Richard B. Frankel

  • Binuclear Manganese(III) Complexes of Potential Biological Significance

    John E. Sheats;Roman S. Czernuszewicz;G. Charles Dismukes;Stephen J. Lippard

  • Ligand Field Strengths and Oxidation States from Manganese L-Edge Spectroscopy

    S. P. Cramer;Y. Ma;C. T. Chen;F. Sette

  • Reversible protonation of the oxo bridge in a hemerythrin model compound. Synthesis, structure, and properties of (.mu.-hydroxo)bis(.mu.-acetato)bis[hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borato]diiron(III) [(HB(pz)3)Fe(OH)(O2CCH3)2Fe(HB(pz)3)2]+

    William H. Armstrong;Stephen J. Lippard

  • Glaciation of alpine valleys: The glacier – debris-covered glacier – rock glacier continuum

    Robert S. Anderson;Leif S. Anderson;William H. Armstrong;William H. Armstrong;Matthew W. Rossi

  • (.mu.-Oxo)bis(.mu.-acetato)bis(tri-1-pyrazolylborato)diiron(III), [(HBpz3)FeO(CH3CO2)2Fe(HBpz3)]: model for the binuclear iron center of hemerythrin

    William H. Armstrong;Stephen J. Lippard

  • 55Mn ESE-ENDOR of a Mixed Valence Mn(III)Mn(IV) Complex: Comparison with the Mn Cluster of the Photosynthetic Oxygen-Evolving Complex

    David W. Randall;Bradley E. Sturgeon;James A. Ball;Gary A. Lorigan

  • High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of photosystem II from the mesophilic cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

    Unknown

  • Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy of Manganese Catalase and Di-.mu.-oxo [MnIIIMnIV] Model Complexes

    Daniel R. Gamelin;Martin L. Kirk;Timothy L. Stemmler;Samudranil Pal

  • Synthesis, structure, and properties of [Mn(salpn)(EtOH)2](ClO4) and its aerobic oxidation product [Mn(salpn)O]2

    Joel W. Gohdes;William H. Armstrong

  • Characterization of the Mn Oxidation States in Photosystem II by Kβ X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

    Uwe Bergmann;Melissa M. Grush;Craig R. Horne;Pamela DeMarois

  • Ground spin state variability in manganese oxo aggregates. Demonstration of an S = 3/2 ground state for [Mn3O4(OH)(bpea)3](ClO4)3

    Samudranil Pal;Michael K. Chan;William H. Armstrong

  • Tetranuclear iron-oxo complexes. Synthesis, structure, and properties of species containing the nonplanar {Fe4O2}8+ core and seven bridging carboxylate ligands

    William H. Armstrong;Mary E. Roth;Stephen J. Lippard

  • M{Hydrotris(3-phenylpyrazol-1-yl)borate}2: sterically encumbered iron(II) and manganese(II) complexes

    David M. Eichhorn;William H. Armstrong

  • Support for a dimer of di-.mu.-oxo dimers model for the photosystem II manganese aggregate. Synthesis and properties of [(Mn2O2)2(tphpn)2](ClO4)4

    Michael K. Chan;William H. Armstrong

  • Tetranuclear Manganese-Oxo Aggregates Relevant to the Photosynthetic Water Oxidation Center. Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic Properties and Reactivity of Adamantane-Shaped [Mn4O6(bpea)4]4+ and the Reduced Mixed-Valence Analog [Mn4O6(bpea)4]3+

    Christopher E. Dubé;David W. Wright;Samudranil Pal;Peter J. Bonitatebus

  • Detection of EPR spectra in S = 2 states of trivalent manganese complexes

    S. L. Dexheimer;Joel W. Gohdes;Michael K. Chan;Karl S. Hagen

  • Tetranuclear manganese-oxo complex with a 2.7-.ANG. manganese.cntdot..cntdot..cntdot.manganese separation and intramolecular water.cntdot..cntdot..cntdot.(.mu.-oxygen) hydrogen-bonded contacts: [Mn4O2(TPHPN)2(H2O)2(CF3SO3)2](CF3SO3)3. Possible mode for binding of water at the active site of the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II

    Michael K. Chan;William H. Armstrong

  • Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of [Mn2(.mu.-O)2(.mu.-O2CCH3)(fac-bpea)2](ClO4)2 and Two Halide-Ligated Dioxo-Bridged Dimers Derived Therefrom: [Mn2(.mu.-O)2X2(mer-bpea)2](ClO4)2 (X = F, Cl)

    Samudranil Pal;Marilyn M. Olmstead;William H. Armstrong

Frequent Co-Authors

Stephen J. Lippard
Stephen J. Lippard MIT
Robert S. Anderson
Robert S. Anderson University of Colorado Boulder
Richard H. Holm
Richard H. Holm Harvard University
Matthias Huss
Matthias Huss University of Fribourg
Richard B. Frankel
Richard B. Frankel California Polytechnic State University
Georgia C. Papaefthymiou
Georgia C. Papaefthymiou Villanova University
Harihar Rajaram
Harihar Rajaram Johns Hopkins University
Stephen P. Cramer
Stephen P. Cramer Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Martin L. Kirk
Martin L. Kirk University of New Mexico
Edward I. Solomon
Edward I. Solomon Stanford University

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