World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Earth Science

D-Index
70
Citations
16203
World Ranking
989
National Ranking
467

Carol A. Raymond publication distribution in Earth Science in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Earth Science in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Carol A. Raymond sits on this spectrum.

38–42 publications: 1 scientists 43–47 publications: 0 scientists 48–52 publications: 3 scientists 53–57 publications: 8 scientists 58–62 publications: 11 scientists 63–67 publications: 16 scientists 68–72 publications: 24 scientists 73–77 publications: 31 scientists 78–82 publications: 49 scientists 83–87 publications: 77 scientists 88–92 publications: 86 scientists 93–97 publications: 88 scientists 98–102 publications: 92 scientists 103–107 publications: 84 scientists 108–112 publications: 102 scientists 113–117 publications: 108 scientists 118–122 publications: 117 scientists 123–127 publications: 126 scientists 128–132 publications: 146 scientists 133–137 publications: 114 scientists 138–142 publications: 102 scientists 143–147 publications: 127 scientists 148–152 publications: 102 scientists 153–157 publications: 112 scientists 158–162 publications: 102 scientists 163–167 publications: 127 scientists 168–172 publications: 121 scientists 173–177 publications: 112 scientists 178–182 publications: 109 scientists 183–187 publications: 98 scientists 188–192 publications: 92 scientists 193–197 publications: 105 scientists 198–202 publications: 77 scientists 203–207 publications: 80 scientists 208–212 publications: 89 scientists 213–217 publications: 70 scientists 218–222 publications: 74 scientists 223–227 publications: 74 scientists 228–232 publications: 70 scientists 233–237 publications: 67 scientists 238–242 publications: 59 scientists 243–247 publications: 67 scientists 248–252 publications: 51 scientists 253–257 publications: 46 scientists 258–262 publications: 41 scientists 263–267 publications: 39 scientists 268–272 publications: 34 scientists 273–277 publications: 39 scientists 278–282 publications: 35 scientists 283–287 publications: 36 scientists 288–292 publications: 35 scientists 293–297 publications: 29 scientists 298–302 publications: 23 scientists 303–307 publications: 39 scientists 308–312 publications: 34 scientists 313–317 publications: 23 scientists 318–322 publications: 18 scientists 323–327 publications: 18 scientists 328–332 publications: 21 scientists 333–337 publications: 20 scientists 338–342 publications: 15 scientists 343–347 publications: 13 scientists 348–352 publications: 24 scientists 353–357 publications: 25 scientists 358–362 publications: 10 scientists 363–367 publications: 20 scientists 368–372 publications: 17 scientists 373–377 publications: 18 scientists 378–382 publications: 15 scientists 383–387 publications: 7 scientists 388–392 publications: 22 scientists 393–397 publications: 9 scientists 398–402 publications: 11 scientists 403–407 publications: 16 scientists 408–412 publications: 4 scientists 413–417 publications: 5 scientists 418–422 publications: 14 scientists 423–427 publications: 8 scientists 428–432 publications: 7 scientists 433–437 publications: 7 scientists 438–442 publications: 10 scientists 443–447 publications: 10 scientists 448–452 publications: 3 scientists 453–457 publications: 9 scientists 458–462 publications: 11 scientists 463–467 publications: 4 scientists 468–472 publications: 6 scientists 473–477 publications: 11 scientists 478–482 publications: 8 scientists 483–487 publications: 2 scientists 488–492 publications: 3 scientists 493–497 publications: 4 scientists 498–502 publications: 4 scientists 503–507 publications: 4 scientists 508–509 publications: 4 scientists 510+ publications: 100 scientists
38 publications 510+

This scientist: 584 publications — 99th percentile

99% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 510 publications or more.

Carol A. Raymond D-index placement in Earth Science in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Earth Science scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Carol A. Raymond sits on this spectrum.

30 D-Index: 15 scientists 31 D-Index: 42 scientists 32 D-Index: 60 scientists 33 D-Index: 90 scientists 34 D-Index: 103 scientists 35 D-Index: 108 scientists 36 D-Index: 142 scientists 37 D-Index: 147 scientists 38 D-Index: 147 scientists 39 D-Index: 152 scientists 40 D-Index: 143 scientists 41 D-Index: 157 scientists 42 D-Index: 141 scientists 43 D-Index: 151 scientists 44 D-Index: 140 scientists 45 D-Index: 135 scientists 46 D-Index: 121 scientists 47 D-Index: 108 scientists 48 D-Index: 128 scientists 49 D-Index: 111 scientists 50 D-Index: 106 scientists 51 D-Index: 112 scientists 52 D-Index: 102 scientists 53 D-Index: 103 scientists 54 D-Index: 94 scientists 55 D-Index: 61 scientists 56 D-Index: 101 scientists 57 D-Index: 71 scientists 58 D-Index: 65 scientists 59 D-Index: 78 scientists 60 D-Index: 93 scientists 61 D-Index: 56 scientists 62 D-Index: 58 scientists 63 D-Index: 52 scientists 64 D-Index: 63 scientists 65 D-Index: 49 scientists 66 D-Index: 53 scientists 67 D-Index: 57 scientists 68 D-Index: 50 scientists 69 D-Index: 44 scientists 70 D-Index: 44 scientists 71 D-Index: 31 scientists 72 D-Index: 33 scientists 73 D-Index: 33 scientists 74 D-Index: 23 scientists 75 D-Index: 32 scientists 76 D-Index: 24 scientists 77 D-Index: 17 scientists 78 D-Index: 19 scientists 79 D-Index: 9 scientists 80 D-Index: 21 scientists 81 D-Index: 20 scientists 82 D-Index: 17 scientists 83 D-Index: 19 scientists 84 D-Index: 19 scientists 85 D-Index: 14 scientists 86 D-Index: 6 scientists 87 D-Index: 14 scientists 88 D-Index: 17 scientists 89 D-Index: 10 scientists 90 D-Index: 8 scientists 91 D-Index: 8 scientists 92 D-Index: 9 scientists 93 D-Index: 6 scientists 94+ D-Index: 98 scientists
30 D-Index 94+

This scientist: 70 D-Index — 88th percentile

88% of scientists in this discipline score the same or lower.

The last bar groups every scientist with 94 D-Index or more.

Overview

Carol A. Raymond is affiliated with the California Institute of Technology in the United States. Their research spans multiple aspects of physics and astronomy, with a particular focus on planetary science and astro and planetary science topics.

Raymond's work is prominently published in notable scientific journals and venues. Frequent publication outlets include Space Science Reviews, Abstracts with Programs of the Geological Society of America, The Planetary Science Journal, Nature Astronomy, and Icarus.

Their research primarily covers the field of Physics and Astronomy, with significant engagement in the subfields of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atmospheric Science, Molecular Biology, Ecology, and Geophysics. The main topics addressed in their work include:

  • Astro and Planetary Science
  • Planetary Science and Exploration
  • Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
  • Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
  • Isotope Analysis in Ecology
  • Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics

Some notable recent papers published by Raymond and collaborators include:

  • "Fresh emplacement of hydrated sodium chloride on Ceres from ascending salty fluids" (2020, Nature Astronomy)
  • "Ceres: Astrobiological Target and Possible Ocean World" (2020, Astrobiology)
  • "The varied sources of faculae-forming brines in Ceres' Occator crater emplaced via hydrothermal brine effusion" (2020, Nature Communications)
  • "Evidence of non-uniform crust of Ceres from Dawn's high-resolution gravity data" (2020, Nature Astronomy)
  • "Distinguishing the Origin of Asteroid (16) Psyche" (2022, Space Science Reviews)

Raymond frequently collaborates with a group of researchers, with the most frequent coauthors being:

  • C. T. Russell
  • Julie Castillo-Rogez
  • J. E. C. Scully
  • S. Marchi
  • M. C. De Sanctis

The scope of Raymond's research reflects an interdisciplinary approach that integrates astronomy, planetary science, and aspects of ecology and molecular biology, contributing to a broad understanding of planetary bodies and their environments.

Best Publications

  • Dawn at Vesta: Testing the Protoplanetary Paradigm

    C. T. Russell;C. A. Raymond;A. Coradini;H. Y. McSween

  • Ammoniated phyllosilicates with a likely outer Solar System origin on (1) Ceres

    M. C. De Sanctis;E. Ammannito;E. Ammannito;A. Raponi;S. Marchi;S. Marchi

  • Spectroscopic Characterization of Mineralogy and Its Diversity Across Vesta

    M. C. De Sanctis;E. Ammannito;M. T. Capria;F. Tosi

  • Bright carbonate deposits as evidence of aqueous alteration on (1) Ceres

    M. C. De Sanctis;A. Raponi;E. Ammannito;E. Ammannito;M. Ciarniello

  • Geophysics of the Pitman Fracture Zone and Pacific-Antarctic Plate Motions During the Cenozoic

    Steven C. Cande;Carol A. Raymond;Joann Stock;William F. Haxby

  • Dawn: A mission in development for exploration of main belt asteroids Vesta and Ceres

    Marc D. Rayman;Thomas C. Fraschetti;Carol A. Raymond;Christopher T. Russell

  • The Dawn Mission to Vesta and Ceres

    C. T. Russell;C. A. Raymond

  • Vesta’s Shape and Morphology

    R. Jaumann;R. Jaumann;David Williams;D. L. Buczkowski;R. A. Yingst

  • The Violent Collisional History of Asteroid 4 Vesta

    S. Marchi;H.Y. McSween;David P O'Brien;P. Schenk

  • Elemental mapping by Dawn reveals exogenic H in Vesta's regolith.

    Thomas H. Prettyman;David W. Mittlefehldt;Naoyuki Yamashita;David J. Lawrence

  • Dawn Arrives at Ceres: Exploration of a Small Volatile-Rich World

    C. T. Russell;C. A. Raymond;E. Ammannito;D. L. Buczkowski

  • The Geologically Recent Giant Impact Basins at Vesta’s South Pole

    Paul Schenk;David P. O’Brien;Simone Marchi;Robert Gaskell

  • A partially differentiated interior for (1) Ceres deduced from its gravity field and shape

    R.S. Park;A.S. Konopliv;B.G. Bills;N. Rambaux

  • Extensive water ice within Ceres’ aqueously altered regolith: Evidence from nuclear spectroscopy

    T. H. Prettyman;N. Yamashita;M. J. Toplis;H. Y. McSween

  • Dawn; the Vesta–HED connection; and the geologic context for eucrites, diogenites, and howardites

    Harry Y. McSween Jr.;Richard P. Binzel;M. Cristina De Sanctis;Eleonora Ammannito

  • Cryovolcanism on Ceres

    O. Ruesch;Thomas Platz;P. Schenk;L.A. McFadden

  • Distribution of phyllosilicates on the surface of Ceres.

    E. Ammannito;M. C. DeSanctis;M. Ciarniello;A. Frigeri

  • Localized aliphatic organic material on the surface of Ceres

    M. C. De Sanctis;E. Ammannito;H. Y. McSween;A. Raponi

  • Dawn Mission to Vesta and Ceres Symbiosis between Terrestrial Observations and Robotic Exploration

    C. T. Russell;F. Capaccioni;A. Coradini;M. C. De Sanctis

  • Dark material on Vesta from the infall of carbonaceous volatile-rich material

    T. B. McCord;J.-Y Li;J.-P. Combe;H.Y. McSween

  • Color and Albedo Heterogeneity of Vesta from Dawn

    Vishnu Reddy;Andreas Nathues;Lucille Le Corre;Holger Sierks

Frequent Co-Authors

Christopher T. Russell
Christopher T. Russell University of California, Los Angeles
Ralf Jaumann
Ralf Jaumann Freie Universität Berlin
Andreas Nathues
Andreas Nathues Max Planck Society
Federico Tosi
Federico Tosi National Institute for Astrophysics
M. C. De Sanctis
M. C. De Sanctis National Institute for Astrophysics
Julie Castillo-Rogez
Julie Castillo-Rogez California Institute of Technology
Simone Marchi
Simone Marchi Southwest Research Institute
Frank Preusker
Frank Preusker German Aerospace Center
David A. Williams
David A. Williams University of California, Santa Cruz
Thomas H. Prettyman
Thomas H. Prettyman Planetary Science Institute

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