Robert Apel

Robert Apel publication distribution in Social Sciences and Humanities in 2026

The chart shows the distribution of publications by all Research.com ranked scientists in the field of Social Sciences and Humanities in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Robert Apel sits on this spectrum.

Robert Apel D-index placement in Social Sciences and Humanities in 2026

The chart shows the D-index (discipline H-index) distribution of Social Sciences and Humanities scientists ranked by Research.com in 2026. The highlighted bar marks where Robert Apel sits on this spectrum.

Best Publications

• The Impact of Incarceration on Employment during the Transition to Adulthood

  Robert Apel;Gary Sweeten

  431
  Citations

• A Signaling Perspective on Employment-Based Reentry Programming Training Completion as a Desistance Signal

  Shawn D. Bushway;Robert Apel

  400
  Citations

• Sanctions, perceptions, and crime: implications for criminal deterrence

  Robert Apel

  376
  Citations

• Propensity Score Matching in Criminology and Criminal Justice

  Robert J. Apel;Gary Sweeten

  294
  Citations

• The Effect of Teenage Employment on Delinquency and Problem Behaviors

  Raymond Paternoster;Shawn Bushway;Robert Brame;Robert Apel

  227
  Citations

• ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR: PARENTAL COHABITATION AND BLENDED HOUSEHOLDS

  Robert Apel;Catherine Kaukinen

  216
  Citations

• The Impact of Imprisonment on Marriage and Divorce: A Risk Set Matching Approach

  R. Apel;A.A.J. Blokland;P. Nieuwbeerta;M. van Schellen

  213
  Citations

• UNPACKING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADOLESCENT EMPLOYMENT AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR: A MATCHED SAMPLES COMPARISON*

  Robert Apel;Shawn Bushway;Robert Brame;Amelia M. Haviland

  150
  Citations

• Youth Behavior, School Structure, and Student Risk of Victimization

  John D. Burrow;Robert Apel

  138
  Citations

• Using State Child Labor Laws to Identify the Causal Effect of Youth Employment on Deviant Behavior and Academic Achievement

  Robert Apel;Shawn D. Bushway;Raymond Paternoster;Robert Brame

  131
  Citations

• HOW AND WHY DOES WORK MATTER? EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS, ROUTINE ACTIVITIES, AND CRIME AMONG ADULT MALE OFFENDERS*

  Robert Apel;Julie Horney

  128
  Citations

• The impact of procedurally-just policing on citizen perceptions of police during traffic stops: The Adana randomized controlled trial.

  Nusret Sahin;Anthony A. Braga;Robert Apel;Rod K. Brunson

  124
  Citations

• The Effects of Jail and Prison Confinement on Cohabitation and Marriage

  Robert Apel

  121
  Citations

• A Job Isn’t Just a Job: The Differential Impact of Formal Versus Informal Work on Adolescent Problem Behavior

  Robert Apel;Raymond Paternoster;Shawn D. Bushway;Robert Brame

  119
  Citations

• Association of criminal convictions between family members: effects of siblings, fathers and mothers.

  Marieke van de Rakt;Paul Nieuwbeerta;Robert Apel

  108
  Citations

• “Because You’re Mine, I Walk the Line”? Marriage, Spousal Criminality, and Criminal Offending Over the Life Course

  Marieke van Schellen;Robert Apel;Paul Nieuwbeerta

  99
  Citations

• AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION OF WOMEN: RACE/ETHNICITY AND SITUATIONAL CONTEXT

  Laura Dugan;Robert Apel

  97
  Citations

• IMPRISONMENT LENGTH AND POST-PRISON EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS†

  Anke Ramakers;Robert Apel;Paul Nieuwbeerta;Anja Dirkzwager

  90
  Citations

• The spillover effects of focused deterrence on gang violence.

  Anthony Allan Braga;Robert Apel;Brandon C. Welsh

  87
  Citations

• Desisting from Crime: Continuity and Change in Long-Term Crime Patterns of Serious Chronic Offenders

  Robert Apel

  9
  Citations