World's Best Scientists 2026 revealed!

D-Index & Metrics

Social Sciences and Humanities

D-Index
30
Citations
4593
World Ranking
7682
National Ranking
3745

Best Publications

  • The Impact of Incarceration on Employment during the Transition to Adulthood

    Robert Apel;Gary Sweeten

  • A Signaling Perspective on Employment-Based Reentry Programming Training Completion as a Desistance Signal

    Shawn D. Bushway;Robert Apel

  • Sanctions, perceptions, and crime: implications for criminal deterrence

    Robert Apel

  • Propensity Score Matching in Criminology and Criminal Justice

    Robert J. Apel;Gary Sweeten

  • The Effect of Teenage Employment on Delinquency and Problem Behaviors

    Raymond Paternoster;Shawn Bushway;Robert Brame;Robert Apel

  • ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR: PARENTAL COHABITATION AND BLENDED HOUSEHOLDS

    Robert Apel;Catherine Kaukinen

  • The Impact of Imprisonment on Marriage and Divorce: A Risk Set Matching Approach

    R. Apel;A.A.J. Blokland;P. Nieuwbeerta;M. van Schellen

  • UNPACKING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADOLESCENT EMPLOYMENT AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR: A MATCHED SAMPLES COMPARISON*

    Robert Apel;Shawn Bushway;Robert Brame;Amelia M. Haviland

  • Youth Behavior, School Structure, and Student Risk of Victimization

    John D. Burrow;Robert Apel

  • Using State Child Labor Laws to Identify the Causal Effect of Youth Employment on Deviant Behavior and Academic Achievement

    Robert Apel;Shawn D. Bushway;Raymond Paternoster;Robert Brame

  • HOW AND WHY DOES WORK MATTER? EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS, ROUTINE ACTIVITIES, AND CRIME AMONG ADULT MALE OFFENDERS*

    Robert Apel;Julie Horney

  • The impact of procedurally-just policing on citizen perceptions of police during traffic stops: The Adana randomized controlled trial.

    Nusret Sahin;Anthony A. Braga;Robert Apel;Rod K. Brunson

  • The Effects of Jail and Prison Confinement on Cohabitation and Marriage

    Robert Apel

  • A Job Isn’t Just a Job: The Differential Impact of Formal Versus Informal Work on Adolescent Problem Behavior

    Robert Apel;Raymond Paternoster;Shawn D. Bushway;Robert Brame

  • Association of criminal convictions between family members: effects of siblings, fathers and mothers.

    Marieke van de Rakt;Paul Nieuwbeerta;Robert Apel

  • “Because You’re Mine, I Walk the Line”? Marriage, Spousal Criminality, and Criminal Offending Over the Life Course

    Marieke van Schellen;Robert Apel;Paul Nieuwbeerta

  • AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION OF WOMEN: RACE/ETHNICITY AND SITUATIONAL CONTEXT

    Laura Dugan;Robert Apel

  • IMPRISONMENT LENGTH AND POST-PRISON EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS†

    Anke Ramakers;Robert Apel;Paul Nieuwbeerta;Anja Dirkzwager

  • The spillover effects of focused deterrence on gang violence.

    Anthony Allan Braga;Robert Apel;Brandon C. Welsh

  • Desisting from Crime: Continuity and Change in Long-Term Crime Patterns of Serious Chronic Offenders

    Robert Apel

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