Robert Apel

Best Publications

• The Impact of Incarceration on Employment during the Transition to Adulthood

  Robert Apel;Gary Sweeten

  431
  Citations

• A Signaling Perspective on Employment-Based Reentry Programming Training Completion as a Desistance Signal

  Shawn D. Bushway;Robert Apel

  400
  Citations

• Sanctions, perceptions, and crime: implications for criminal deterrence

  Robert Apel

  376
  Citations

• Propensity Score Matching in Criminology and Criminal Justice

  Robert J. Apel;Gary Sweeten

  294
  Citations

• The Effect of Teenage Employment on Delinquency and Problem Behaviors

  Raymond Paternoster;Shawn Bushway;Robert Brame;Robert Apel

  227
  Citations

• ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR: PARENTAL COHABITATION AND BLENDED HOUSEHOLDS

  Robert Apel;Catherine Kaukinen

  216
  Citations

• The Impact of Imprisonment on Marriage and Divorce: A Risk Set Matching Approach

  R. Apel;A.A.J. Blokland;P. Nieuwbeerta;M. van Schellen

  213
  Citations

• UNPACKING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADOLESCENT EMPLOYMENT AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR: A MATCHED SAMPLES COMPARISON*

  Robert Apel;Shawn Bushway;Robert Brame;Amelia M. Haviland

  150
  Citations

• Youth Behavior, School Structure, and Student Risk of Victimization

  John D. Burrow;Robert Apel

  138
  Citations

• Using State Child Labor Laws to Identify the Causal Effect of Youth Employment on Deviant Behavior and Academic Achievement

  Robert Apel;Shawn D. Bushway;Raymond Paternoster;Robert Brame

  131
  Citations

• HOW AND WHY DOES WORK MATTER? EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS, ROUTINE ACTIVITIES, AND CRIME AMONG ADULT MALE OFFENDERS*

  Robert Apel;Julie Horney

  128
  Citations

• The impact of procedurally-just policing on citizen perceptions of police during traffic stops: The Adana randomized controlled trial.

  Nusret Sahin;Anthony A. Braga;Robert Apel;Rod K. Brunson

  124
  Citations

• The Effects of Jail and Prison Confinement on Cohabitation and Marriage

  Robert Apel

  121
  Citations

• A Job Isn’t Just a Job: The Differential Impact of Formal Versus Informal Work on Adolescent Problem Behavior

  Robert Apel;Raymond Paternoster;Shawn D. Bushway;Robert Brame

  119
  Citations

• Association of criminal convictions between family members: effects of siblings, fathers and mothers.

  Marieke van de Rakt;Paul Nieuwbeerta;Robert Apel

  108
  Citations

• “Because You’re Mine, I Walk the Line”? Marriage, Spousal Criminality, and Criminal Offending Over the Life Course

  Marieke van Schellen;Robert Apel;Paul Nieuwbeerta

  99
  Citations

• AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION OF WOMEN: RACE/ETHNICITY AND SITUATIONAL CONTEXT

  Laura Dugan;Robert Apel

  97
  Citations

• IMPRISONMENT LENGTH AND POST-PRISON EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS†

  Anke Ramakers;Robert Apel;Paul Nieuwbeerta;Anja Dirkzwager

  90
  Citations

• The spillover effects of focused deterrence on gang violence.

  Anthony Allan Braga;Robert Apel;Brandon C. Welsh

  87
  Citations

• Desisting from Crime: Continuity and Change in Long-Term Crime Patterns of Serious Chronic Offenders

  Robert Apel

  9
  Citations