2027 PhD vs Professional Doctorate in Marketing: Key Differences, Careers, and Salary Outcomes
Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist
Choosing between a PhD and a professional doctorate in Marketing is really a choice between producing new marketing research and applying advanced marketing expertise to business problems. The stakes are high: the BLS reported a May 2024 median annual wage of $161,030 for marketing managers, but doctoral outcomes vary by role, industry, funding, and experience. This guide is for prospective doctoral students comparing academic, research, consulting, analytics, and executive paths. You will learn how the degrees differ in curriculum, cost, time, career fit, and salary potential.
Key Things You Should Know
- A PhD in Marketing is usually best for people who want to conduct original research, publish scholarly work, and compete for tenure-track faculty or research-intensive roles; a professional doctorate is usually better for experienced professionals solving applied marketing, strategy, analytics, or leadership problems.
- Cost and funding often differ sharply: many full-time PhD programs provide assistantships or tuition waivers, while professional doctorates are more often self-funded or employer-supported; NCES data published in 2024 showed average graduate tuition and required fees were about $12,600 at public institutions and about $29,900 at private nonprofit institutions for 2022-23.
- Salary depends more on job function than degree label: BLS May 2024 data placed marketing managers at a median annual wage of $161,030 and market research analysts at $76,950, while academic pay varies by institution, rank, discipline, publication record, and location.
What Is the Difference Between a PhD and a Professional Doctorate in Marketing?
A PhD in Marketing is a research doctorate. Its purpose is to train scholars who can design studies, build theory, analyze data, publish in academic journals, and teach at the university level. Students usually focus on areas such as consumer behavior, quantitative marketing, marketing strategy, behavioral science, econometrics, branding, digital marketing, or marketing analytics.
A professional doctorate in Marketing is a practice-oriented doctorate. In the United States, it may appear as a Doctor of Business Administration, Doctor of Management, Doctor of Strategic Leadership, or another applied business doctorate with a marketing concentration. Its purpose is to help experienced professionals use research methods to solve complex organizational problems, improve marketing performance, lead teams, and translate evidence into business decisions.
The simplest distinction is this: a PhD asks, "What new knowledge can I contribute to the field of marketing?" A professional doctorate asks, "How can advanced research and evidence improve marketing practice in a real organization?" Neither is automatically better. The stronger choice depends on whether your long-term goal is scholarship, applied leadership, consulting, analytics, or executive advancement.
The table below summarizes the core differences readers usually need to compare first. Use it as a decision filter before looking at admissions, cost, career outcomes, and program format.
| Comparison point | PhD in Marketing | Professional doctorate in Marketing |
| Primary purpose | Produce original scholarly research and prepare for academic or research careers | Apply advanced research to business, marketing, leadership, or organizational problems |
| Best fit | Future professors, academic researchers, research scientists, or theory-driven analysts | Marketing executives, consultants, agency leaders, entrepreneurs, product leaders, and senior practitioners |
| Typical research output | Dissertation that contributes new theory or empirical evidence | Applied dissertation, doctoral project, or capstone focused on a practical problem |
| Program culture | Often full-time, cohort-based, research intensive, and faculty mentored | Often part-time, online or hybrid, and designed for working professionals |
| Funding pattern | More likely to offer assistantships, stipends, and tuition remission | More likely to rely on tuition payments, employer support, scholarships, or loans |
| Career signal | Strongest signal for academic research and tenure-track hiring | Strongest signal for applied expertise, executive credibility, and evidence-based leadership |
A common mistake is assuming that "PhD" always means higher prestige in every setting. In research universities, it often carries stronger academic recognition. In corporate marketing leadership, however, employers may care more about business impact, portfolio, analytics ability, leadership record, and industry results than whether the doctorate is a PhD or professional doctorate.
How Do PhD and Professional Doctorate Curricula, Research, and Capstone Requirements Differ in Marketing?
Both degrees require advanced research skills, but they use those skills differently. A PhD curriculum is built around developing an independent scholar. A professional doctorate curriculum is built around using rigorous inquiry to improve marketing decisions, organizational performance, or customer outcomes.
PhD students in Marketing typically take doctoral seminars in marketing theory, consumer behavior, quantitative methods, research design, statistics, econometrics, experimental design, and sometimes psychology, economics, sociology, or information systems. The early years often include close work with faculty on research papers, conference submissions, and journal-style manuscripts.
Professional doctorate students usually take advanced courses in strategy, leadership, marketing analytics, digital transformation, consumer insights, applied research methods, organizational change, and decision-making. The coursework is often structured around real business problems rather than purely theoretical debates.
The table below shows how major academic requirements usually differ. Exact terminology varies by university, so applicants should review program handbooks rather than relying only on marketing materials.
| Requirement | PhD in Marketing | Professional doctorate in Marketing |
| Research orientation | Theory-building, hypothesis testing, scholarly contribution, and publication preparation | Applied inquiry, organizational diagnosis, evidence-based intervention, and measurable business relevance |
| Methods training | Often deeper in advanced statistics, econometrics, behavioral experiments, modeling, and academic research design | Often focused on applied quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods, case-based, or program-evaluation research |
| Comprehensive exams | Common; used to assess theory, methods, and field knowledge before dissertation work | May be required, but some programs use portfolio assessments or applied milestones instead |
| Final project | Traditional dissertation designed to contribute new knowledge to marketing scholarship | Applied dissertation, consulting-style project, doctoral capstone, or practice-based research project |
| Faculty expectations | Publishable research, methodological rigor, conference participation, and academic specialization | Practical relevance, research rigor, executive communication, and implementation value |
If you are comparing programs, look closely at the final project requirement. The label "dissertation" can mean different things across schools. Some professional doctorates require a dissertation that is nearly as rigorous as a PhD dissertation, while others use a capstone model focused on implementation and executive decision-making.
Before applying, ask programs to show how students move from coursework to the final doctoral project. The following questions can reveal whether the program matches your learning style and career target:
- Will I be expected to publish in peer-reviewed academic journals, practitioner outlets, or both?
- Does the program emphasize consumer behavior theory, quantitative modeling, digital marketing analytics, marketing strategy, or leadership practice?
- What kinds of datasets, software, labs, or industry partnerships do doctoral students use?
- How much one-on-one faculty supervision is available during the dissertation or capstone stage?
- Can the final project be based on my current employer or consulting practice, and what ethical approval rules apply?
Students who enjoy theory, statistics, and academic writing often feel more at home in a PhD. Students who want to diagnose business problems, lead marketing transformation, or formalize executive expertise often find a professional doctorate more practical.
What Are the Admissions Requirements for a PhD vs Professional Doctorate in Marketing?
Admissions requirements differ because the programs are designed for different applicants. PhD committees usually look for research potential, methodological aptitude, and fit with faculty expertise. Professional doctorate committees usually look for advanced professional experience, leadership potential, and a clear applied problem the applicant wants to investigate.
For a PhD in Marketing, a master's degree may help but is not always required. Some business schools admit applicants directly from a bachelor's degree if they have strong academic preparation, research experience, quantitative ability, and a compelling statement of purpose. Applicants with preparation through an online business degree may still need additional evidence of research readiness, especially in statistics, analytics, economics, psychology, or research methods.
Professional doctorates more commonly expect a master's degree and several years of work experience. Many applicants are marketing directors, consultants, entrepreneurs, product managers, agency leaders, communications executives, or business owners who want to solve a high-level practice problem.
The table below compares the requirements you are most likely to encounter. Always verify details with the specific school, because doctoral admissions standards vary widely.
| Admissions factor | PhD in Marketing | Professional doctorate in Marketing |
| Prior degree | Bachelor's or master's, depending on the university | Usually master's preferred or required; exceptions vary |
| Work experience | Helpful but not always required | Often important and sometimes required |
| Research experience | Highly valued, especially faculty collaboration, thesis work, analytics projects, or publications | Valued when tied to applied problem-solving or organizational improvement |
| Quantitative preparation | Often important; statistics, calculus, economics, programming, or analytics may strengthen an application | Important, but programs may emphasize applied analytics and managerial interpretation |
| Statement of purpose | Should identify research interests and faculty fit | Should connect professional goals with an applied research problem |
| Standardized tests | Some programs require or consider GRE or GMAT scores; many have test-optional policies | Often test-optional, but policies vary by school |
The most competitive PhD applicants do not simply say they "like marketing." They show curiosity about specific research questions, such as why consumers adopt subscription services, how algorithmic personalization affects trust, or how pricing signals influence demand. Professional doctorate applicants are stronger when they can connect their experience to a defined problem, such as improving customer retention, leading omnichannel transformation, or measuring brand equity across markets.
Applicants should avoid three common mistakes during admissions planning:
- Applying to a PhD without checking whether faculty actually supervise your research area.
- Choosing a professional doctorate only for the "doctor" title without confirming that the curriculum supports your business goals.
- Underestimating the writing, statistics, and independent research workload required in both pathways.
A PhD in Marketing is usually a full-time commitment. Many students spend the first two years in seminars and methods training, then move into comprehensive exams, research papers, teaching, and dissertation work. In business disciplines, a full-time PhD commonly takes about four to six years, though individual completion time depends on research progress, faculty supervision, dissertation scope, and funding limits.
A professional doctorate is often built for working adults. Many programs use online, hybrid, weekend, evening, or low-residency formats. Completion commonly takes three to five years, but the timeline can stretch if the student changes capstone topics, pauses enrollment, or struggles to collect organizational data.
The practical difference is not just total duration. It is how the program fits into your life. A PhD may offer funding but require you to treat doctoral study as your primary job. A professional doctorate may let you keep earning income but can create a heavy workload on top of executive, family, and travel responsibilities.
The table below compares typical scheduling realities rather than only advertised program length. This matters because time pressure is one of the main reasons doctoral students delay or leave programs.
| Time factor | PhD in Marketing | Professional doctorate in Marketing |
| Common enrollment pattern | Full-time | Part-time or executive format |
| Ability to work full time | Often limited; assistantship obligations may restrict outside work | Often possible, and many programs are designed around employment |
| Weekly workload | Heavy reading, research, statistics, teaching, and faculty projects | Heavy but often structured around courses, applied projects, and workplace integration |
| Biggest delay risk | Dissertation design, data collection, publication expectations, or faculty fit | Capstone scope, employer access, project feasibility, or balancing work and study |
| Best format for | Students able to prioritize research training for several years | Professionals who need a doctoral structure compatible with career continuity |
If you plan to work while studying, ask more than "Is the program online?" Online format does not automatically mean flexible workload. Use these steps to evaluate fit:
- Ask how many hours per week students typically spend on coursework during the first year.
- Confirm whether synchronous sessions are required and whether they conflict with work travel or leadership responsibilities.
- Ask whether dissertation or capstone milestones are tied to fixed deadlines or self-paced progress.
- Check whether your employer will allow access to data, staff interviews, or internal performance measures if you plan to study your workplace.
- Speak with current students who also work full time and ask what they had to give up to stay on track.
If you want a campus-based academic career, the disruption of a full-time PhD may be worthwhile. If your goal is to remain in industry and apply research immediately, the flexibility of a professional doctorate may offer a better lifestyle fit.
Cost is one of the biggest differences between the two pathways. Many strong PhD programs in business are funded because students contribute to faculty research, teaching, and the school's academic mission. Funding may include tuition remission, a stipend, health benefits, and teaching or research assistantship support. In exchange, students usually study full time and may have limits on outside employment.
Professional doctorates are more often tuition-driven. Students may use employer tuition assistance, scholarships, payment plans, federal loans, veterans benefits, or personal funds. This does not make the degree a poor investment, but it means applicants should calculate total cost against likely career benefits rather than focusing only on the doctoral title.
NCES data published in 2024 showed average graduate tuition and required fees of about $12,600 at public institutions and about $29,900 at private nonprofit institutions for 2022-23. Those figures are not doctoral marketing-specific, but they are useful as a baseline: a multi-year, self-funded doctorate can become expensive quickly once fees, residencies, books, travel, and lost time are included.
Students trying to reduce debt before doctoral study may also compare lower-cost master's routes, including the cheapest online marketing degree options, before committing to a doctoral program. A lower-cost master's can sometimes strengthen doctoral readiness while preserving financial flexibility.
The table below shows the main cost and funding issues to compare. It is more useful than comparing tuition alone because doctoral expenses depend on time, format, travel, and opportunity cost.
| Cost factor | PhD in Marketing | Professional doctorate in Marketing |
| Tuition | Often waived or reduced in funded full-time programs; unfunded PhDs can be costly | Often charged per credit or term; total cost varies widely by institution and format |
| Living expenses | May be partly supported by stipend, but stipends may be modest relative to local costs | Often covered by continued employment, though time pressure can be significant |
| Opportunity cost | Potentially high if leaving full-time employment for several years | Potentially lower if the student keeps working, but tuition may be higher out of pocket |
| Travel and residency costs | Campus-based programs may require relocation | Online or hybrid programs may still require residencies, intensives, or conference travel |
| Funding sources | Assistantships, fellowships, grants, tuition remission, and stipends | Employer assistance, scholarships, loans, savings, and professional development funds |
To evaluate return on investment, compare the total cost with the specific career change you expect. A funded PhD may be financially attractive if your goal is a faculty career, but it may still involve years of lower income. A professional doctorate may be worth the cost if it helps you move into senior leadership, consulting, or specialized analytics work, but the degree should connect to a realistic advancement plan.
Before enrolling, complete a basic doctoral cost audit:
- Calculate total tuition, fees, technology charges, residencies, travel, books, and expected annual increases.
- Ask whether funding is guaranteed for the full program or renewed annually based on performance.
- Confirm whether assistantship duties affect the time available for dissertation research.
- Ask your employer whether tuition support requires you to stay with the organization after graduation.
- Compare loan payments against conservative salary scenarios, not best-case executive outcomes.
The career paths overlap, but the strongest use cases differ. A PhD is the clearer route for tenure-track professor roles, academic research, and some research scientist positions. A professional doctorate is usually more aligned with executive leadership, consulting, applied analytics, marketing transformation, and senior practitioner roles.
Marketing careers are also changing because of AI, automation, privacy rules, retail media, customer data platforms, and demand for measurable return on marketing investment. Doctoral-level professionals who can connect consumer insight, data governance, experimentation, and strategy may be well positioned, but the right degree depends on whether you want to publish research or lead implementation.
The table below connects each doctorate to common career directions. It does not imply exclusivity; some PhD graduates work in industry, and some professional doctorate graduates teach, especially in practitioner-focused or adjunct roles.
| Career path | Better aligned degree | Typical responsibilities | Important caveat |
| Tenure-track marketing professor | PhD | Conduct research, publish, teach, advise students, and serve the university | Hiring is highly competitive and depends heavily on publications and research fit |
| Marketing research scientist | PhD | Design studies, analyze consumer behavior, build models, and publish or present findings | Employers may prioritize methods expertise over the word "marketing" in the degree title |
| Chief marketing officer or senior marketing executive | Professional doctorate or PhD, depending on background | Lead brand, demand generation, customer strategy, analytics, and growth initiatives | Executive experience usually matters more than degree type alone |
| Marketing analytics or customer insights leader | Either | Translate data into segmentation, attribution, experimentation, and strategy | Technical skill, data fluency, and business communication are critical |
| Consultant or agency strategist | Professional doctorate often aligns well | Advise clients, diagnose market problems, evaluate campaigns, and lead transformation | Client results and domain reputation drive opportunities |
| Adjunct or practitioner faculty | Professional doctorate or PhD | Teach marketing, strategy, analytics, digital marketing, or leadership courses | Full-time research faculty roles often prefer a PhD from a research-intensive program |
Students interested in digital marketing, creator economy strategy, or platform-based campaigns may also explore social media degree programs before or alongside doctoral planning, especially if they need applied skills before committing to a research doctorate.
Choose the PhD route if your target roles require deep research credibility. Choose the professional doctorate route if your target roles reward leadership, applied strategy, and the ability to use research to solve business problems. If your goal is "more senior marketing work," a doctorate may help, but it is rarely a substitute for measurable campaign, revenue, customer, or brand outcomes.
The most valuable doctoral-level marketing skills often include:
- Research design and the ability to separate useful evidence from weak claims.
- Advanced data interpretation, especially in customer analytics, experimentation, attribution, and segmentation.
- Strategic communication for executives, boards, faculty committees, or clients.
- Ethical judgment around consumer data, privacy, AI-generated content, and personalization.
- Ability to connect theory, market evidence, customer behavior, and financial outcomes.
Neither degree automatically pays more. Salary outcomes depend on the job you pursue, your industry, your experience, your location, your publication record if you pursue academia, and the size of the organization if you pursue leadership. A PhD can lead to stable academic careers and research roles, while a professional doctorate may support advancement in higher-paying executive or consulting tracks.
The best way to compare salary potential is to look at occupations rather than degree names. BLS May 2024 data reported a median annual wage of $161,030 for marketing managers and $76,950 for market research analysts. These figures show why role selection matters: a doctoral graduate in a management role may have a very different earnings profile from one in an analyst, faculty, nonprofit, or public-sector role.
The table below uses salary context to show how degree fit and occupation interact. Treat these figures as labor-market benchmarks, not promises for doctoral graduates.
| Career category | Relevant doctorate fit | Salary context | What influences pay most |
| Marketing manager or senior marketing leader | Professional doctorate or PhD with industry experience | BLS May 2024 median annual wage for marketing managers: $161,030 | Industry, company size, revenue responsibility, leadership scope, and performance record |
| Market research analyst or insights specialist | Either, with strong methods training | BLS May 2024 median annual wage: $76,950 | Technical skill, analytics tools, sector, seniority, and ability to influence decisions |
| Postsecondary teaching and research | PhD is usually the stronger fit for research universities | Pay varies widely by institution type, rank, discipline, location, and publication record | Institutional budget, tenure status, research productivity, and academic reputation |
| Consulting or executive advisory work | Professional doctorate often aligns well, though PhDs also work in consulting | Income varies widely and may include fees, retainers, bonuses, or business ownership income | Client base, specialization, credibility, measurable outcomes, and business development ability |
A PhD may be financially stronger if it is fully funded and leads to a desired academic or research career. A professional doctorate may be financially stronger if you keep working while studying and use the credential to move into higher-level leadership or consulting. The risk is that self-funded tuition can reduce ROI if the doctorate does not directly support a realistic career move.
When comparing salary outcomes, avoid these mistakes:
- Comparing a funded PhD to a self-funded professional doctorate without accounting for lost wages during full-time study.
- Assuming the highest BLS wage category reflects typical doctoral outcomes.
- Ignoring industry differences, since technology, finance, consulting, healthcare, higher education, retail, and nonprofits pay differently.
- Using job titles loosely; "marketing director" can mean very different responsibilities across organizations.
- Forgetting that executive compensation often depends on experience and results more than credentials.
The job outlook is favorable in some marketing-related areas, but it is not uniform across all doctoral career paths. BLS projections for 2024-2034 indicate that employment for market research analysts is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations. That matters for both doctorate types because analytics, consumer insights, experimentation, and evidence-based decision-making are becoming more central to marketing strategy.
For PhD graduates, the academic market is more specialized and competitive. Tenure-track marketing faculty jobs depend on retirements, business school budgets, research area demand, accreditation expectations, and publication potential. A strong PhD can also lead to nonacademic research roles in technology firms, consulting firms, consumer insights teams, and data-driven organizations.
For professional doctorate graduates, the outlook is tied to leadership demand, digital transformation, AI adoption, customer analytics, and the ability to turn research into action. Employers may value doctoral training when it supports measurable business outcomes, but they may not require a doctorate for many executive roles.
Current trends affecting both pathways include:
- AI in marketing: Organizations need leaders who can evaluate generative AI, personalization, attribution, testing, and automation without overclaiming what the tools can do.
- Privacy and data governance: Customer analytics now requires stronger ethical judgment and awareness of consent, data quality, and regulatory risk.
- Evidence-based budgeting: Marketing leaders face pressure to connect spending to revenue, retention, customer lifetime value, and brand outcomes.
- Competition for academic roles: Research universities often prioritize publication potential, methods depth, and fit with faculty research clusters.
- Growth in online and hybrid doctoral formats: Professional doctorates increasingly serve working adults, but applicants should scrutinize quality, supervision, and completion support.
The practical takeaway is that a doctorate can help when it strengthens your ability to answer difficult marketing questions. It is less useful if it only adds a credential without improving research skill, strategic judgment, leadership credibility, or evidence of impact.
Marketing is not a licensed profession in the way medicine, law, psychology, or public accounting can be. In most marketing careers, there is no state licensure requirement tied to a PhD or professional doctorate. However, accreditation and institutional recognition still matter because they affect employer trust, transferability, academic hiring, and sometimes eligibility for federal financial aid.
At minimum, applicants should choose a regionally accredited institution. For business doctorates, programmatic business accreditation from organizations such as AACSB, ACBSP, or IACBE may also matter, especially for academic employment, employer tuition reimbursement, or international recognition. AACSB accreditation is often particularly important in research-oriented business schools, though requirements vary by employer and institution.
Employer recognition differs by setting. Research universities typically recognize the PhD as the standard credential for tenure-track academic research roles. Applied colleges, professional schools, corporate universities, consulting clients, and employers may recognize professional doctorates when the graduate has strong experience and the program is credible. The key is whether the degree aligns with the role's expectations.
Use the following checks before applying to any doctoral program:
- Confirm that the institution is regionally accredited by an accreditor recognized by the U.S. Department of Education or CHEA.
- Check whether the business school or business program holds relevant programmatic accreditation if that matters for your target employers.
- Ask whether graduates have obtained the kinds of roles you want, such as tenure-track faculty, adjunct teaching, executive leadership, consulting, or research positions.
- Review faculty qualifications and make sure dissertation or capstone supervisors have expertise in your topic.
- Be cautious of programs that promise fast completion, guaranteed promotions, unusually low effort, or vague accreditation language.
Red flags include unclear dissertation supervision, missing accreditation details, limited faculty research profiles, weak career outcome transparency, and admissions messaging that focuses more on prestige than on doctoral training. A credible doctorate should make its academic expectations, faculty support, completion milestones, and student responsibilities clear before you enroll.
Is a PhD or Professional Doctorate in Marketing Worth It for Your Career Goals?
A doctorate in Marketing is worth considering when it clearly supports a specific goal that cannot be reached as efficiently through a master's degree, certificate, portfolio, promotion path, or industry experience. It is not worth it if you are pursuing the credential mainly because you feel stuck, want a general résumé boost, or assume the title alone will raise your salary.
Choose a PhD in Marketing if you want to become a scholar, publish research, compete for faculty roles, or pursue research-intensive positions where advanced methods and theory matter. The strongest PhD applicants are willing to spend years developing narrow expertise and contributing new knowledge to the field.
Choose a professional doctorate in Marketing if you are an experienced practitioner who wants to lead evidence-based transformation, solve complex organizational problems, build consulting authority, or strengthen executive-level decision-making. The strongest professional doctorate applicants bring real problems, leadership experience, and access to applied settings where research can create value.
Some students may not need a doctorate yet. If your immediate goal is to move into brand management, digital strategy, communications leadership, or analytics without entering academic research, a lower-cost master's or specialized graduate credential may be more efficient. For example, an affordable online master's degree in communications may be a better near-term fit for professionals focused on messaging, media strategy, or organizational communication rather than doctoral research.
The decision framework below can help you choose the better path:
- Choose a PhD if your goal is tenure-track academia, scholarly publishing, research faculty work, or advanced research roles requiring deep methodological training.
- Choose a professional doctorate if your goal is executive leadership, consulting, applied marketing strategy, organizational change, or evidence-based business problem-solving.
- Delay doctoral study if you are unsure about your research interests, cannot explain the career outcome you want, or would need heavy debt without a realistic advancement plan.
- Consider a master's or certificate first if your main gaps are practical skills in analytics, digital marketing, communications, leadership, or business strategy.
Before committing, ask each school direct questions about completion rates, funding, faculty supervision, dissertation expectations, graduate placements, employer recognition, and total cost. The right doctorate should match your career goal, research temperament, financial situation, and lifestyle-not just your desire for the highest credential.
Other Things You Should Know About Marketing
Yes, but the type of teaching role matters. A professional doctorate may qualify you for adjunct, practitioner faculty, or teaching-focused roles, especially when paired with strong industry experience. Research universities usually prefer or require a PhD for tenure-track marketing faculty positions.
No. A DBA with a marketing focus is typically a professional doctorate centered on applied business problems, while a PhD in Marketing is a research doctorate centered on original scholarly contribution. Both can be rigorous, but they are designed for different career outcomes.
Employers usually care more about accreditation, institutional reputation, program quality, faculty support, and your ability to apply the degree. For academic research roles, program reputation and research output can matter more. For industry roles, work experience and measurable business results often carry significant weight.
Only if the doctorate supports a clear next step. An MBA is usually enough for many management roles. A doctorate may make sense if you want to conduct advanced research, teach, consult at a higher level, or solve complex marketing problems using rigorous methods.
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- What Is the Difference Between a PhD and a Professional Doctorate? https://www.coloradotech.edu/degrees/studies/business-and-management/difference-between-phd-and-professional-doctorate
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