Research.com is an editorially independent organization with a carefully engineered commission system that’s both transparent and fair. Our primary source of income stems from collaborating with affiliates who compensate us for advertising their services on our site, and we earn a referral fee when prospective clients decided to use those services. We ensure that no affiliates can influence our content or school rankings with their compensations. We also work together with Google AdSense which provides us with a base of revenue that runs independently from our affiliate partnerships. It’s important to us that you understand which content is sponsored and which isn’t, so we’ve implemented clear advertising disclosures throughout our site. Our intention is to make sure you never feel misled, and always know exactly what you’re viewing on our platform. We also maintain a steadfast editorial independence despite operating as a for-profit website. Our core objective is to provide accurate, unbiased, and comprehensive guides and resources to assist our readers in making informed decisions.

Best Associate Degree Programs - Leading Certification Courses in Wisconsin for 2026

Imed Bouchrika, PhD

by Imed Bouchrika, PhD

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

What can I expect from associate degree programs in Wisconsin?

The average cost for completing an associate degree program in Wisconsin typically ranges from $3,500 to $6,000 annually in tuition, depending on the institution and enrollment status. For example, graduates from community colleges in Wisconsin often highlight the affordability, noting that paying a fraction of the cost compared to four-year universities allowed them to manage expenses without excessive debt. Many students from technical colleges express satisfaction with the value they received, balancing cost with hands-on training and skill development.

Students at University of Wisconsin campuses appreciate flexible payment options and available financial aid, which help offset tuition costs. The overall affordability is enhanced by shorter program lengths-generally two years-which keeps expenses manageable. Graduates frequently remark on how the lower tuition enabled them to start working sooner, utilizing both the academic credentials and practical skills they built.

Beyond cost, students benefit from diverse learning formats, including fully online programs that reduce commuting expenses. This affordability combined with flexible study modes fosters positive attitudes, encouraging enrollment among those balancing work and family commitments in Wisconsin.

Where can I work after finishing associate degree programs in Wisconsin?

Graduates from associate degree programs in Wisconsin find robust job opportunities in several key industries. Many who completed their healthcare degrees from well-known Wisconsin technical colleges step confidently into roles as registered nurses, dental hygienists, or physical therapist assistants. These alumni report feeling secure knowing their skills meet the steady demand across hospitals and clinics statewide.

Business graduates from community colleges in Milwaukee often share experiences of quickly securing positions like administrative assistants or accounting specialists within local companies and government offices. Their training directly applies to these roles, giving them an edge in competitive job markets.

Associate degree holders from technical schools specializing in IT are frequently hired as help desk specialists or junior production designers. They enjoy working in dynamic environments such as school districts and healthcare providers adapting to new technologies.

In trade programs like HVAC and electrical technology, graduates find steady work with manufacturers or service companies throughout Wisconsin. These careers offer not only reliable income but also personal satisfaction from mastering hands-on skills in high demand.

How much can I make after finishing associate degree programs in Wisconsin?

Graduates of associate degree programs in Wisconsin see a compelling financial advantage compared to those with only a high school diploma. According to recent Census data, individuals with some college or an associate degree earn an average annual salary of $45,729, which clearly outpaces the $40,104 typical of high school graduates.

For example, those completing an Associate Business Degree from well-known Wisconsin schools often report salaries averaging $59,162 annually, or about $28.44 per hour. These graduates share stories of rapidly advancing careers where starting salaries ranged from $38,900 to $75,200, reflecting real opportunities in business roles throughout the state.

Technology-focused associate graduates also reap strong rewards-an IT Associate in Wisconsin makes about $68,396 per year on average. Popular technical programs emphasize hands-on skills that employers value highly, leading to confident graduates ready to earn $33 per hour or more.

Many graduates from top Wisconsin institutions note starting salaries between $42,780 and $44,785, fueling optimism and financial stability early in their careers. Over a lifetime, having an associate degree can mean earning approximately $1.73 million, reinforcing why so many Wisconsinites find these programs worth the investment.

Best Associate Degree Programs - Leading Certification Courses in Wisconsin for 2026

# 1 position

Chippewa Valley Technical College - Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician.

associate

Chippewa Valley Technical College offers a hybrid Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician program preparing students to use ultrasound techniques for diagnostic purposes. The curriculum covers patient care, sonographic data processing, and professional ethics. Annual in-state tuition is $4,724. Graduates earn a median salary of $69,672 one year after completion. The program is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

# 2 position

Moraine Park Technical College - Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician.

associate

The Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician program at Moraine Park Technical College is a hybrid course preparing students to use medical ultrasound techniques under physician supervision. The program covers patient data integration, sonographic data processing, equipment operation, and professional ethics. Annual in-state tuition is $4,713. Graduates have a median earning of $54,569 one year after completion. The program is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

# 3 position

Northeast Wisconsin Technical College - Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician.

associate

The Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician program at Northeast Wisconsin Technical College offers a hybrid format with some distance education. It prepares students to use ultrasound techniques for diagnosing conditions under physician supervision. Instruction covers patient care, data recording, sonography equipment, and professional ethics. The program is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Annual in-state tuition is $4,904, and median earnings one year after completion are $61,044.

# 4 position

Chippewa Valley Technical College - Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician.

associate

Chippewa Valley Technical College offers a Hybrid Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology/Technician program designed to train students in repairing and maintaining industrial machinery such as cranes, pumps, engines, and conveyor systems. The program is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Annual in-state tuition is $4,724. Graduates have a median earnings of $62,438 one year after completion, reflecting strong job market potential.

# 5 position

Southwest Wisconsin Technical College - Criminal Justice/Safety Studies.

associate

Southwest Wisconsin Technical College offers a Hybrid Criminal Justice/Safety Studies program that examines the criminal justice system, including its legal, organizational, and policy aspects. The curriculum covers criminal law, police and correctional systems, administration of justice, and public attitudes toward criminal justice. The program's annual in-state tuition is $4,796. Graduates earn a median salary of $51,806 one year after completion. The program is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

# 6 position

Southwest Wisconsin Technical College - Criminal Justice/Police Science.

associate

Southwest Wisconsin Technical College offers a hybrid Criminal Justice/Police Science program that prepares students for roles in law enforcement, including patrol, investigation, traffic and crowd control, and evidence management. The program covers crime prevention, weapon handling, and report preparation. Annual in-state tuition is $4,796. Graduates have median earnings of $51,806 one year after completion. The program is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

# 7 position

Madison Area Technical College - Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications.

associate

Madison Area Technical College offers a hybrid Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications program that prepares students to become network specialists and managers. The curriculum covers operating systems, systems design, networking theory, network management, security, and troubleshooting. Annual in-state tuition is $4,780. Graduates earn a median salary of $65,324 one year after completion. The program is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

# 8 position

Fox Valley Technical College - Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician.

associate

Fox Valley Technical College offers a hybrid Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician program designed to prepare students for repairing, servicing, and maintaining various automobiles. The curriculum covers brake systems, electrical systems, engine performance and repair, suspension and steering, transmissions, and heating and air conditioning systems. The program is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Annual in-state tuition is $4,916, and median earnings one year after completion reach $47,998.

# 9 position

Northwood Technical College - Criminal Justice/Safety Studies.

associate

Northwood Technical College offers a fully online Criminal Justice/Safety Studies program that covers the criminal justice system, its organizational components, and legal and public policy contexts. The curriculum includes criminal law, police and correctional systems, the administration of justice, and public attitudes toward criminal justice issues. Annual in-state tuition is $4,524. Graduates earn a median salary of $44,966 one year after completion. The program is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

# 10 position

Waukesha County Technical College - Computer and Information Systems Security/Auditing/Information Assurance.

associate

Waukesha County Technical College offers a hybrid program in Computer and Information Systems Security/Auditing/Information Assurance. The program prepares students to assess security needs, recommend safeguards, and manage security systems and procedures. It includes instruction in programming, networking, cryptography, risk assessment, and investigation techniques. Annual in-state tuition is $4,720, and the program is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Median earnings one year after completion are $46,450.

What associate degree graduates have to say

  • Emily: Earning my Associate Degree in Nursing from a Wisconsin technical college was life-changing. The hands-on training and supportive instructors made learning practical and rewarding. Within months of graduation, I secured a nursing assistant role at a local hospital, feeling confident and proud of my new career path.
  • Marcus: The Diesel Technology associate program taught me everything I needed to excel. Studying at a trade school in Wisconsin gave me real-world skills and connected me directly with employers. Now, as a diesel mechanic for a regional fleet, I appreciate how practical education opened doors fast and steady.
  • Sophia: Pursuing an Associate in Graphic Design at a Wisconsin community college truly expanded my creative horizons. The smaller class sizes fostered great collaboration and personalized feedback. Since graduating, I've landed a marketing assistant job, thrilled to combine passion with solid skills learned in a great trade program.

How long does it take to complete associate degree programs in Wisconsin?

Associate degree programs in Wisconsin typically take about two years of full-time study to complete, requiring a minimum of 60 semester credit hours. Most graduates from institutions like UW-Whitewater report completing their degrees within this timeframe, balancing general education courses and major requirements effectively.

Some students find the standard pace rewarding, highlighting how the curriculum's emphasis on communication and critical thinking prepares them well for careers or further education. For those needing flexibility, Milwaukee Area Technical College offers an accelerated online option that allows motivated students to finish in just one year, thanks to shorter, intensive sessions.

Several graduates appreciate the UW Flexible Option, where self-paced learning lets them move faster or slower based on their personal schedules, making it ideal for working adults or those juggling family commitments. Part-time students, by contrast, often take three to four years, adjusting their course loads to fit life's demands.

Overall, Wisconsin's associate degree schools provide routes that suit diverse student needs and ambitions, fostering confidence and achievement along the way.

What's the difference between online and on-campus associate degree programs?

Online associate degree programs in Wisconsin, such as those offered by the Universities of Wisconsin Online, provide flexibility that fits busy lifestyles. Graduates often highlight how asynchronous courses allow them to study evenings or weekends while balancing jobs or family. For example, a student using the UW Flexible Option appreciated progressing at their own pace with a flat tuition rate, reducing financial stress.

On the other hand, on-campus programs at institutions like Madison College offer a structured schedule with in-person classes, encouraging direct interaction with instructors and peers. Graduates value the hands-on labs and group projects that help build connections and enhance understanding through face-to-face collaboration.

Both formats meet Wisconsin's accreditation standards, ensuring employers value the degrees equally. However, online students report greater independence and self-motivation are needed, while on-campus students enjoy immediate support and a more traditional college atmosphere. Choosing either depends on whether flexibility or structure best supports your academic journey.

What is the average cost of associate degree programs in Wisconsin?

The average cost of associate degree programs in Wisconsin varies significantly based on residency and institution type. For residents attending public colleges, tuition and fees generally range between $5,600 and $6,000 per year. At the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, one of the state's popular associate degree schools, in-state students pay approximately $5,628 annually. Non-residents, however, face notably higher tuition costs of about $13,294 per year, illustrating the financial advantage for local students.

Wisconsin community college tuition and fees are often calculated on a per-credit basis. For example, Mid-State Technical College charges $152.85 per credit for residents and $229.28 for out-of-state students. Since most associate degrees require around 60 credits, total tuition typically adds up to about $9,171 for in-state students and $13,757 for those from other states. Graduates frequently recall budgeting rigorously to manage these costs but express satisfaction with the affordability compared to four-year programs.

Additional mandatory fees and living expenses significantly affect the overall amount students spend. Milwaukee Area Technical College estimates total semester costs-including tuition, fees, and books-at around $1,155 for 3 credits, scaling up with course load. For those living on campus or nearby, housing and meal costs at UW-Milwaukee can add $14,000 or more each academic year. This leads many students to seek scholarships or consider alternative living arrangements to reduce expenses.

Prospective students should carefully consider all costs beyond tuition, such as textbooks and transportation, which can total several thousand dollars per year. Many graduates describe the experience as manageable when combining financial aid, part-time work, and thoughtful budgeting. Students interested in accelerating their career paths may explore one year masters programs online as a continuation after completing their associate degrees, reinforcing the value of planning academic finances effectively.

What is the average cost of associate degree programs in Wisconsin?

What financial aid is available for associate degree students in Wisconsin?

Associate degree students in Wisconsin benefit from a variety of financial aid options that significantly reduce the cost of education. Graduates from popular institutions like Milwaukee Area Technical College or Madison College often highlight the impact of the Wisconsin Tuition Promise, which covers full tuition and segregated fees for eligible students with family incomes under $55,000. This program acts as a "last dollar" award, meaning it picks up any remaining tuition costs after federal and state aid is applied, ensuring students pay little to nothing out of pocket.

Need-based state grants, such as the Wisconsin Grant, also provide vital support, offering between $250 and $1,800 annually depending on financial need. Recipients from colleges like Fox Valley Technical College report that this assistance made continuing their education stress-free and affordable. Additionally, federal aid programs like Pell Grants and SEOG supplements are accessible by submitting the FAFSA, which is essential to unlock most funding.

Many campuses further support students through scholarships and emergency grants, creating a safety net in times of unexpected financial difficulty.

What are the prerequisites for enrolling in associate degree programs in Wisconsin?

To enroll in an associate degree program in Wisconsin, the essential prerequisite is holding a high school diploma, GED, or HSED. Graduates from popular schools such as the University of Wisconsin's online programs often share how securing these credentials early smoothed their application process.

Applicants must submit official transcripts showing graduation or equivalency; many recall balancing this step while finishing high school, providing in-progress transcripts initially and final versions before classes began. Those with previous college credits commonly submitted these transcripts to get credit transfers approved.

Standardized test scores like ACT or SAT are sometimes requested, particularly for students under 22 or without prior college degrees. However, many students appreciated the flexibility through 2026-27 since scores were often optional.

  • Some nursing or technical programs require extra prerequisites, such as chemistry, Anatomy & Physiology, Nursing Assistant courses, or specific entrance exams with minimum scores.
  • A 2.0 minimum GPA on a 4.0 scale is generally expected, verifying academic readiness.
  • Applicants benefit from submitting materials well before deadlines, typically 2 weeks to a month prior to classes starting.

Graduates reflect positively on meeting these requirements, emphasizing how thorough preparation and early applications helped them secure seats in competitive Wisconsin associate degree programs.

What are the prerequisites for enrolling in associate degree programs in Wisconsin?

What courses are typically in associate degree programs in Wisconsin?

Typical associate degree courses in Wisconsin prioritize a solid general education foundation alongside specialized study. Graduates from popular associate degree schools in the state often recall completing at least 40 credits of general education. These courses cover key areas such as effective communication with a minimum of 6 credits in written and oral skills, critical and creative thinking (3-6 credits), and intercultural competence through 3-6 credits focused on world languages or cultural studies.

Within the Wisconsin associate degree general education requirements, students engage deeply in either humanities and social sciences (AA) or physical and natural sciences (AS), ranging from 18 to 25 credits depending on the degree type. The Associate of Arts and Sciences degree offers a balanced approach with 21-24 credits in these areas. Many students appreciate the "depth sequence" requirement, where two sequential courses build meaningful expertise in one subject.

Elective choices, often tied to a student's intended transfer major, typically total 14-21 credits. For example, a business track might include introductory accounting, while a science focus may feature biology classes. Writing and math competency are emphasized, with students commonly taking two "Writing Emphasis" courses and demonstrating math proficiency.

Graduates emphasize how these components enhance readiness for further study or career entry. Students interested in affordable credentials might explore easy online certifications that pay well as a strategic complement to their Wisconsin associate degree experience.

How do you choose the best associate degree program in Wisconsin?

Choosing the best associate degree programs in Wisconsin involves scrutinizing accreditation and program reputation. Graduates from Fox Valley Technical College appreciate the reliable campus experience and hands-on learning, which help them transition smoothly into the workforce. Conversely, graduates from University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Flex highlight the flexibility of 100% online formats, ideal for balancing study with family or work obligations.

Cost is a crucial factor when how to compare Wisconsin associate degree costs. Public institutions generally offer lower in-state tuition, while private schools may have higher sticker prices but balance that with strong financial aid packages. For example, Rasmussen University-Wisconsin students report satisfaction with both affordability and meaningful post-graduate salaries averaging $45,700.

Data-driven decision making benefits from analyzing program outcomes like graduation and retention rates. Student support services and credit transfer policies at institutions such as Franklin University provide additional advantages, cutting degree completion time by recognizing prior learning. For those interested in affordable online phd programs, similar evaluation strategies apply when comparing advanced degree options.

How do you choose the best associate degree program in Wisconsin?

What career paths are available for associate degree graduates in Wisconsin?

Associate degree graduates in Wisconsin have access to diverse career opportunities across multiple sectors. Healthcare remains a dominant field, with roles such as registered nurse, dental hygienist, and physical therapist assistant in high demand. Graduates from technical colleges frequently find immediate employment in these roles, supporting regional healthcare systems.

In business and administration, graduates secure positions as administrative assistants, human resources support, and customer service representatives. These career opportunities for associate degree holders in Wisconsin align well with industries like professional technical services and retail trade, known for consistent hiring.

Technical trades such as architecture, construction, automotive mechanics, and computer-aided design (CAD) are thriving. Many graduates describe satisfaction working in growing manufacturing and infrastructure projects throughout the state.

The creative and communications industries also offer promising entry points. Roles like digital media designer and marketing specialist are increasingly common, especially among graduates from popular Wisconsin associate degree schools focusing on digital arts.

Liberal arts graduates often transition smoothly into bachelor's programs while gaining practical experience in office roles. Many students balance immediate employment with plans for advancement, reflecting the strong integration between education and the job market in Wisconsin.

These top industries hiring associate degree graduates in Wisconsin emphasize stable employment and median salaries around $60,003, highlighting the value of local education paths. For prospective students exploring cost-effective options, resources such as best affordable accredited online colleges can complement in-state programs.

What is the job market for associate degree graduates in Wisconsin?

The Wisconsin associate degree job outlook remains strong, with over 7,600 open positions statewide mid-2025 targeting graduates from programs in healthcare, technology, and skilled trades. Graduates from well-known local institutions often find themselves quickly employed in roles like registered nurse, dental hygienist, or physical therapist assistant, reflecting the demand for practical, hands-on skills. Entry-level jobs for associate degree graduates in Wisconsin typically offer competitive salaries; for example, Milwaukee shows an average annual wage near $40,682, with many hourly rates ranging from $14.66 to $20.34. Some top earners exceed $61,000 annually, illustrating the tangible benefits of completing these programs.

Students report positive experiences transitioning from popular associate degree schools across Wisconsin into rewarding careers, often citing a fast track to stable employment. Healthcare and technology sectors tend to offer greater job stability and growth, while other sectors are more sensitive to economic swings. Many graduates see their associate degree as a launchpad, with some already planning education pathways toward bachelor's degrees or exploring the best jobs for introverts that match their skills.

Frequently Asked Questions about associate degree programs

How to prepare for the job market after completing associate degree in Wisconsin?

Preparing for the job market after earning an associate degree in Wisconsin involves several strategic steps. Graduates should begin by utilizing resources offered through Wisconsin's Technical College System, which connects students with internships and job placement services. According to the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, many employers prefer candidates with hands-on experience, making internships or cooperative education valuable.

Networking is crucial; attending career fairs and joining professional associations relevant to one's field can open doors. Additionally, refining soft skills such as communication and teamwork boosts employability. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that associate degree holders in Wisconsin typically see a 15% higher employment rate than those with only a high school diploma, underscoring the degree's value.

What are the top skills employers look for in associate degree graduates in Wisconsin?

Employers in Wisconsin value a mix of technical and soft skills in associate degree graduates. According to the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, nearly 70% of jobs requiring an associate degree emphasize proficiency in critical thinking and problem-solving. These skills enable graduates to effectively analyze situations and make informed decisions on the job.

In addition, communication skills-both written and verbal-are crucial. Employers in sectors like healthcare, manufacturing, and information technology often seek candidates who can clearly convey ideas and collaborate with teams.

Technical abilities related to specific industries, such as computer literacy, machinery operation, and data analysis, are also highly valued. The National Skills Coalition highlights that digital skills are increasingly important across many Wisconsin workplaces.

How to find internships in Wisconsin relevant to my associate degree program?

Finding internships in Wisconsin relevant to your associate degree program involves several practical steps. Start by contacting your college's career services office, which often has partnerships with local employers and exclusive internship listings. Many Wisconsin community colleges also participate in statewide internship programs supported by the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development.

Use online job platforms such as Wisconsin's Job Center, which features internship opportunities sorted by region and industry. According to the Department of Workforce Development, internships in healthcare, manufacturing, and information technology are among the fastest-growing in Wisconsin. Networking through local organizations and professional associations in your field can also uncover unadvertised positions.

Additionally, attend career fairs hosted by your college or regional events throughout Wisconsin, as they are key for direct employer connections. Research shows that over 60% of students who intern in Wisconsin receive job offers from their internship providers.

How do associate degrees influence career mobility and advancement in Wisconsin?

In Wisconsin, earning an associate degree can significantly impact career mobility and advancement. According to the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, individuals holding an associate degree tend to experience lower unemployment rates and higher earnings compared to those with only a high school diploma. The median annual wage for associate degree holders in the state is approximately 20% higher than for high school graduates.

Associate degrees also open pathways to middle-skill jobs in fields such as healthcare, manufacturing, and information technology, which are growing sectors in Wisconsin. Many employers recognize these degrees as valuable credentials for career advancement.

Moreover, credits earned in associate degree programs often transfer to four-year institutions, enabling further education without significant loss of time or money. This flexibility enhances long-term career prospects and upward mobility in the Wisconsin job market.

What part-time job opportunities in Wisconsin can complement associate degree education?

In Wisconsin, part-time job opportunities that complement associate degree education often align with the fields of study pursued by students. For example, healthcare students can gain experience through roles like medical assistants or pharmacy technicians, reflecting the state's steady demand in health services. According to the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, healthcare and social assistance sectors employ over 280,000 workers, many in part-time positions suitable for students.

Additionally, manufacturing and technical roles, such as machine operators or IT support aides, provide practical experience tied to technical associate degrees. Retail and administrative positions also offer flexible hours important for balancing work and studies.

These jobs not only reinforce academic skills but help build professional networks within Wisconsin's diverse economy.

How can I find the Best degree program near me in Wisconsin?

To find the best degree program near me in Wisconsin, consider using educational resources that evaluate and rank colleges based on various factors, such as Research.com, which provides insights into programs near Wisconsin that might suit your academic interests. Look into local universities and colleges in the state, including public and private institutions, to compare programs, faculty, and amenities. Additionally, visit campuses and contact admissions offices to gather first-hand information about degree offerings and student experiences.

Do you have any feedback for this article?

Related Articles
2026 Best Jobs for Trade School Graduates: Guide to Career Paths, Options & Salary thumbnail
2026 Best Online Trade Schools & Construction Programs thumbnail
Degrees JUN 16, 2026

2026 Best Online Trade Schools & Construction Programs

by Imed Bouchrika, PhD
2026 Highest Paying Trade School Jobs & Their Career Outlook thumbnail
Careers JUN 10, 2026

2026 Highest Paying Trade School Jobs & Their Career Outlook

by Imed Bouchrika, PhD
2026 Most Affordable Online Welding Trade School Programs thumbnail
Degrees JUN 17, 2026

2026 Most Affordable Online Welding Trade School Programs

by Imed Bouchrika, PhD
2026 Most Affordable Online Construction Trades Programs thumbnail
Degrees JUN 17, 2026

2026 Most Affordable Online Construction Trades Programs

by Imed Bouchrika, PhD
2026 Most Affordable Online Electrician Trade School Programs thumbnail
Degrees JUN 17, 2026

2026 Most Affordable Online Electrician Trade School Programs

by Imed Bouchrika, PhD