The implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs) on a global scale is becoming a topic of ever-increasing importance due to the many research activities aiming to address the need to significantly change many different human activities that are dependent on the available resources of planet Earth. Sensors and the different contexts in which they are applied, such as the Internet of Things or distributed, cyber-physical systems, can make a major contribution to the application of SDGs, as they use devices capable of measuring critical parameters from the environment and participate in building systems where hardware is employed for a greater, larger goal. This Special Issue aims to gather knowledge from major industrial and academic parties that describes systems based on sensors, actuators and hardware that have information collection as their main purpose. Heterogeneous and interdisciplinary contributions will be required from all areas of hardware and software. Topics, deployments and applications such as autonomous vehicles on air, water or ground, Internet-of-Things-based projects for precision agriculture, cyber-physical systems oriented to renewable energy sources or even blockchain-based developments used to empower local goods production can come in handy for this purpose. Furthermore, eHealth applications and smart city studies will also be considered.